Java实现发送邮件(发送方为QQ邮箱)

发送的邮件有三种：
1.纯文本的邮件(最简单)
2.正文内容文本加图片(较为复杂)
3.正文有图片和文本，另外有附件内容

事先需要了解的知识点：
邮件发送的整体流程图

发件人张三是网易的邮箱，收件人李四是QQ邮箱；如果张三给李四发一封邮件，那么这个邮件数据首先会通过各种基站发送到网易的服务器上，然后再由网易的服务器统一发送给QQ邮箱的服务器，中间会经过若干基站，最后统一由QQ邮箱服务器接收，如果李四登录了自己的邮箱那么会从QQ邮箱服务器中发现一个来自张三的邮件。这样就实现了邮件发送。

邮件发送和接收过程中涉及的协议：SMTP和POP3

在服务器中，当接收到邮件时，会通过SMTP协议地址获取收到的邮件，再放入对应的用户地址中，而发送邮件是先放入SMTP协议的内存空间，发送到对应的服务器中。

SMTP服务器地址：一般是smtp.XXX.com，例如163的服务器地址是smtp.163.com；QQ的服务器地址是smtp.qq.com

电子邮箱(Email)的获得需要在邮件服务器上申请。

准备
首先要准备好JavaMail API和Java Activation Framework。

发邮件的四个步骤：
1、准备包含邮件服务器的网络连接信息的Session对象
2、创建代表邮件信息内容的Message对象
3、创建Transport对象，连接服务器，发送Message，关闭连接

中间涉及的四个核心类

样例的项目结构

纯文本的邮件

import com.sun.mail.util.MailSSLSocketFactory;
import com.sun.source.doctree.TextTree;

import javax.activation.DataHandler;
import javax.activation.FileDataSource;
import javax.mail.*;
import javax.mail.internet.InternetAddress;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeBodyPart;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMultipart;
import java.util.Properties;

//发送一封简单邮件
public class MailDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        Properties properties = new Properties();
        properties.setProperty("mail.host", "smtp.qq.com"); //设置QQ邮件服务器
        properties.setProperty("mail.transport.protocol", "smtp");  //设置邮件发送协议
        properties.setProperty("mail.smtp.auth", "true");   //需要验证用户名密码

        //QQ邮箱需要设置SSL加密
        MailSSLSocketFactory sf = new MailSSLSocketFactory();
        sf.setTrustAllHosts(true);
        properties.put("mail.smtp.ssl.enable", "true");
        properties.put("mail.smtp.ssl.socketFactory", sf);

        //用Java发送邮件
        //1.创建定义整个应用程序所需要的环境信息的Session对象

        //QQ才有
        Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(properties, new Authenticator() {
            @Override
            protected PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication() {
                //发送人邮件用户名，授权码
                return new PasswordAuthentication("发件人邮箱地址", "授权码");
            }
        });

        //开启Session的Debug模式，可以查看程序发送Email的运行状态
        session.setDebug(true);

        //2.通过session得到transport对象
        Transport transport = session.getTransport();

        //3.使用邮箱的用户名和授权码连上邮件服务器
        transport.connect("smtp.qq.com", "发件人邮箱地址", "授权码");

        //4.创建邮件

        //注意需要传递Session
        MimeMessage message = new MimeMessage(session);

        //设置邮件发件人
        message.setFrom(new InternetAddress("发件人邮箱地址"));

        //设置邮件收件人
        message.setRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO, new InternetAddress("收件人邮箱地址"));

        //设置邮件主题
        message.setSubject("邮件的主题");

        message.setContent("<h1 style='color: red'>Hello</h1>", "text/html;charset=UTF-8");

        //5.发送邮件
        transport.sendMessage(message, message.getAllRecipients());

        //6.关闭连接
        transport.close();

    }
}

正文内容文本加图片

package com.fj;

import com.sun.mail.util.MailSSLSocketFactory;

import javax.activation.DataHandler;
import javax.activation.FileDataSource;
import javax.mail.*;
import javax.mail.internet.InternetAddress;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeBodyPart;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMultipart;
import java.util.Properties;

//发送主题中有图片的邮件
public class MailDemo02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        Properties properties = new Properties();
        properties.setProperty("mail.host", "smtp.qq.com"); //设置QQ邮件服务器
        properties.setProperty("mail.transport.protocol", "smtp");  //设置邮件发送协议
        properties.setProperty("mail.smtp.auth", "true");   //需要验证用户名密码

        //QQ邮箱需要设置SSL加密
        MailSSLSocketFactory sf = new MailSSLSocketFactory();
        sf.setTrustAllHosts(true);
        properties.put("mail.smtp.ssl.enable", "true");
        properties.put("mail.smtp.ssl.socketFactory", sf);

        //用Java发送邮件
        //1.创建定义整个应用程序所需要的环境信息的Session对象

        //QQ才有
        Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(properties, new Authenticator() {
            @Override
            protected PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication() {
                //发送人邮件用户名，授权码
                return new PasswordAuthentication("发件人邮箱地址", "授权码");
            }
        });

        //开启Session的Debug模式，可以查看程序发送Email的运行状态
        session.setDebug(true);

        //2.通过session得到transport对象
        Transport transport = session.getTransport();

        //3.使用邮箱的用户名和授权码连上邮件服务器
        transport.connect("smtp.qq.com", "发件人邮箱地址", "授权码");

        //4.创建邮件

        //注意需要传递Session
        MimeMessage message = new MimeMessage(session);

        //设置邮件发件人
        message.setFrom(new InternetAddress("发件人邮箱地址"));

        //设置邮件收件人
        message.setRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO, new InternetAddress("收件人邮箱地址"));

        //设置邮件主题
        message.setSubject("邮件的主题");

        //图片数据准备
        MimeBodyPart image = new MimeBodyPart();
        DataHandler dh = new DataHandler(new FileDataSource("图片文件路径"));
        image.setDataHandler(dh);   //在Body中放入图片数据处理
        image.setContentID("1.png");//给图片设置一个ID，便于调用

        //设置邮件正文内容
        MimeBodyPart text = new MimeBodyPart();
        //cid就是ContentID的缩写，即这里调用的就是之前给图片设置的ID
        text.setContent("<h1 style='color: red'>Hello</h1><img src='cid:1.png'>", "text/html;charset=UTF-8");

        //描述数据关系
        MimeMultipart mm = new MimeMultipart();
        mm.addBodyPart(image);
        mm.addBodyPart(text);
        mm.setSubType("related");

        //设置到消息中，保存修改
        message.setContent(mm);//将编辑好的数据关系放入message中
        message.saveChanges();

        //5.发送邮件
        transport.sendMessage(message, message.getAllRecipients());

        //6.关闭连接
        transport.close();

    }
}

正文有图片和文本，另外有附件内容

package com.fj;

import com.sun.mail.util.MailSSLSocketFactory;

import javax.activation.DataHandler;
import javax.activation.FileDataSource;
import javax.mail.*;
import javax.mail.internet.*;
import java.util.Properties;

//发送带有附件的邮件，正文中有图片
public class MailDemo03 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        Properties properties = new Properties();
        properties.setProperty("mail.host", "smtp.qq.com"); //设置QQ邮件服务器
        properties.setProperty("mail.transport.protocol", "smtp");  //设置邮件发送协议
        properties.setProperty("mail.smtp.auth", "true");   //需要验证用户名密码

        //QQ邮箱需要设置SSL加密
        MailSSLSocketFactory sf = new MailSSLSocketFactory();
        sf.setTrustAllHosts(true);
        properties.put("mail.smtp.ssl.enable", "true");
        properties.put("mail.smtp.ssl.socketFactory", sf);

        //用Java发送邮件
        //1.创建定义整个应用程序所需要的环境信息的Session对象

        //QQ才有
        Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(properties, new Authenticator() {
            @Override
            protected PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication() {
                //发送人邮件用户名，授权码
                return new PasswordAuthentication("发件人邮箱地址", "授权码");
            }
        });

        //开启Session的Debug模式，可以查看程序发送Email的运行状态
        session.setDebug(true);

        //2.通过session得到transport对象
        Transport transport = session.getTransport();

        //3.使用邮箱的用户名和授权码连上邮件服务器
        transport.connect("smtp.qq.com", "发件人邮箱地址", "授权码");

        //4.创建邮件
        MimeMessage mimeMessage = imageMail(session);

        //5.发送邮件
        transport.sendMessage(mimeMessage, mimeMessage.getAllRecipients());

        //6.关闭连接
        transport.close();

    }

    public static MimeMessage imageMail(Session session) throws MessagingException {
        //消息的固定信息
        MimeMessage mimeMessage = new MimeMessage(session);

        //邮件发件人
        mimeMessage.setFrom(new InternetAddress("发件人邮箱地址"));

        //邮件接收人
        mimeMessage.setRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO, new InternetAddress("收件人邮箱地址"));
        //邮件主题
        mimeMessage.setSubject("邮件的主题");

        /*
        编写邮件内容
        1.图片
        2.附件
        3.文本
         */

        //图片
        MimeBodyPart image = new MimeBodyPart();
        image.setDataHandler(new DataHandler(new FileDataSource("图片文件路径")));
        image.setContentID("1.png");//给图片设置一个ID，便于调用

        //文本
        MimeBodyPart text = new MimeBodyPart();
        //cid就是ContentID的缩写，即这里调用的就是之前给图片设置的ID
        text.setContent("<h1 style='color: red'>Hello</h1><img src='cid:1.png'>", "text/html;charset=UTF-8");

        //附件
        MimeBodyPart prop = new MimeBodyPart();
        prop.setDataHandler(new DataHandler(new FileDataSource("附件文件路径")));
        prop.setFileName("data.properties");    //附件设置名字

        MimeBodyPart txt = new MimeBodyPart();
        txt.setDataHandler(new DataHandler(new FileDataSource("附件文件路径")));
        txt.setFileName("");    //附件设置名字

        //拼装文件正文内容
        MimeMultipart multipart1 = new MimeMultipart();
        multipart1.addBodyPart(image);
        multipart1.addBodyPart(text);
        multipart1.setSubType("related");

        MimeBodyPart contentText = new MimeBodyPart();
        contentText.setContent(multipart1);

        //拼接附件
        MimeMultipart allFile = new MimeMultipart();
        allFile.addBodyPart(contentText);
        allFile.addBodyPart(prop);
        allFile.addBodyPart(txt);
        allFile.setSubType("mixed");//正文和附件拼接，用mixed

        //放到Message消息中，保存修改
        mimeMessage.setContent(allFile);//将编辑好的数据关系放入message中
        mimeMessage.saveChanges();

        return mimeMessage;
    }
}

在网站中实现发送邮件

maven项目结构

User.java类

package com.fj.pojo;

import java.io.Serializable;

public class User implements Serializable {
    private String username;
    private String password;
    private String email;

    public User(String username, String password, String email) {
        this.username = username;
        this.password = password;
        this.email = email;
    }

    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }

    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }

    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }

    public String getEmail() {
        return email;
    }

    public void setEmail(String email) {
        this.email = email;
    }
}

RegisterServlet.java类

package com.fj.servlet;

import com.fj.pojo.User;
import com.fj.utils.Sendmail;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class RegisterServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        try {
            //接收用户请求，封装成对象
            String username = req.getParameter("username");
            String password = req.getParameter("password");
            String email = req.getParameter("email");
            User user = new User(username, password, email);

            System.out.println(username);
            System.out.println(password);
            System.out.println(email);

            //用户注册成功后，给用户发送一封邮件
            //使用多线程发送邮件，防止出现耗时，和网站注册人数过多的情况
            Sendmail sendmail = new Sendmail(user);
            //启动线程
            sendmail.start();

            //注册用户
            req.setAttribute("message", "注册成功，邮件已发送至您的邮箱！");
            req.getRequestDispatcher("info.jsp").forward(req, resp);

        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {

        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

Sendmail.java类

package com.fj.utils;

import com.fj.pojo.User;
import com.sun.mail.util.MailSSLSocketFactory;

import javax.mail.*;
import javax.mail.internet.InternetAddress;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;

import java.util.Properties;

//网站三秒原则：用户体验
//多线程可以实现用户体验 （异步处理）
public class Sendmail extends Thread {
    private String from = "发送方邮箱";//发送方
    private String username = "发送方邮箱";//邮箱用户名
    private String password = "授权码";//邮箱密码(授权码)
    private String host = "smtp.qq.com";//发送邮件的服务器地址
    private User user;

    public Sendmail(User user) {
        this.user = user;
    }

    //重写run方法的实现，在run方法中发送邮件给指定用户
    @Override
    public void run() {
        try {
            Properties properties = new Properties();
            properties.setProperty("mail.host", host); //设置QQ邮件服务器
            properties.setProperty("mail.transport.protocol", "smtp");  //设置邮件发送协议
            properties.setProperty("mail.smtp.auth", "true");   //需要验证用户名密码

            //QQ邮箱需要设置SSL加密
            MailSSLSocketFactory sf = new MailSSLSocketFactory();
            sf.setTrustAllHosts(true);
            properties.put("mail.smtp.ssl.enable", "true");
            properties.put("mail.smtp.ssl.socketFactory", sf);

            //用Java发送邮件
            //1.创建定义整个应用程序所需要的环境信息的Session对象

            //QQ才有
            Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(properties, new Authenticator() {
                @Override
                protected javax.mail.PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication() {
                    //发送人邮件用户名，授权码
                    return new PasswordAuthentication(username, password);
                }
            });

            //开启Session的Debug模式，可以查看程序发送Email的运行状态
            session.setDebug(true);

            //2.通过session得到transport对象
            Transport transport = session.getTransport();

            //3.使用邮箱的用户名和授权码连上邮件服务器
            transport.connect(host, username, password);

            //4.创建邮件
            MimeMessage message = new MimeMessage(session);
            message.setFrom(new InternetAddress(from));
            message.setRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO, new InternetAddress(user.getEmail()));
            message.setSubject("用户注册的邮件");//邮件的主题

            String info = "恭喜您注册成功，您的用户名：" + user.getUsername() +
                    "，您的密码：" + user.getPassword() + "，请妥善保管，如有问题联系网站客服";

            message.setContent(info, "text/html;charset=UTF-8");
            message.saveChanges();

            //发送邮件
            transport.sendMessage(message, message.getAllRecipients());
            transport.close();

        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }
}

index.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>注册</title>
</head>
<body>

    <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/RegisterServlet.do" method="post">
        用户名：<input type="text" name="username" /><br>
        密码：<input type="password" name="password" /><br>
        邮箱：<input type="text" name="email" /><br>
        <input type="submit" value="注册">
    </form>

</body>
</html>

info.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>温馨提示</h1>
${message}
</body>
</html>

web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee
                         http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0"
         metadata-complete="true">

  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>RegisterServlet</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>com.fj.servlet.RegisterServlet</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>RegisterServlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/RegisterServlet.do</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

</web-app>