线程不安全的例子和解决：类中的int变量、操作同一个List

一：线程不安全的例子1和解决：类中的int变量

不安全的情况：

public class ThreadUnsafeExampleInt {
    //存储变量的类
    static class VariableClass {
        public int num = 0;
        public int getNum() {
            return num;
        }
        public void incrementAdd() {
            this.num++;
        }
    }

    //线程类
    static class MyThread extends Thread {
        private VariableClass variableClass;

        public MyThread(VariableClass variableClass) {
            this.variableClass = variableClass;
        }

        public void run() {
            variableClass.incrementAdd();
            System.out.println(variableClass.getNum());
        }

    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        VariableClass variable = new VariableClass();

        for (int i = 0; i < 2000; i++) {
            new MyThread(variable).start();
        }
        //1994
        //1995
        //1996
        //1997
        //1998
        //1999    最后漏了1(某个时刻，两个线程通过获取到的num是相同的，然后两个线程都++后，效果是只++了一次)
    }
}

解决： 加锁 synchronized

public class ThreadSafeExampleInt {
    //存储变量的类
    static class VariableClass {
        public int num = 0;
        public int getNum() {
            return num;
        }
        public void incrementAdd() {
            this.num++;
        }
    }

    //线程类
    static class MyThread extends Thread {
        private VariableClass variableClass;

        public MyThread(VariableClass variableClass) {
            this.variableClass = variableClass;
        }

        public void run() {
            synchronized (variableClass){
                variableClass.incrementAdd();
                System.out.println(variableClass.getNum());
            }
        }

    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        VariableClass variable = new VariableClass();

        for (int i = 0; i < 2000; i++) {
            new MyThread(variable).start();
        }
        //1997
        //1998
        //1999
        //2000   加锁之后，数量正确
    }
}

二：线程不安全的例子2和解决：操作同一个List

不安全的情况：

public class ThreadUnsafeExampleList {


    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
        for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
            new Thread(()->{
                list.add(Thread.currentThread().getName());
            }).start();
        }


        Thread.sleep(4000);
        System.out.println(list.size()); // 999  少了1个

    }
}

解决：

public class ThreadSafeExampleList {


    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
        for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
            new Thread(()->{
                synchronized (list){
                    list.add(Thread.currentThread().getName());
                }
            }).start();
        }

        Thread.sleep(4000);
        System.out.println(list.size()); // 1000  正确

    }
}