网络编程

两种传输协议：TCP，UDP。
JDK中的网络类：通过java.net包中的类，可以使用TCP，UDP协议来在互联网上通信。
URL包括两个主要部分：协议标识符：—HTTP，FTP，File等。—资源名字：主机名，文件名，端口号，引用。

public class UrlTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
        URL url=new URL("https://www.baidu.com");
        URLConnection connection=url.openConnection();
        InputStream is=connection.getInputStream();
        OutputStream os=new FileOutputStream("C:\\infoq.txt");
        byte[] buffer=new byte[2048];
        int length=0;
        while ((length=is.read(buffer,0,buffer.length))!=-1){
                  os.write(buffer,0,length);
        }
        is.close();
        os.close();
    }
}

通过这段代码我们可以获取到百度首页的源代码。
InetAddress类：

public class InetAddressTest {
    public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception {
        InetAddress address=InetAddress.getLocalHost();
        System.out.println(address);
        address=InetAddress.getByName("www.sohu.com");
        System.out.println(address);
    }
}

得到搜狐的地址和本机地址。
利用套接字（socket）进行通信
使用ServerSocket和Socket实现服务器端和客户端的Socket通信。
（1）建立Socket连接
（2）获取输入/输出流
（3）读/写数据
（4）关闭输入/输出流
（5）关闭Socket
接下来我们展示一个可以互相通信的一段代码：
首先是服务器端：

import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;

public class MainServer {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
        ServerSocket serverSocket=new ServerSocket(4000);
        //启动读写线程
        while (true){
            Socket socket=serverSocket.accept();
            new ServerInputThread(socket).start();
            new ServerOutputThread(socket).start();
        }
    }
    import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.Socket;

public class ServerInputThread extends Thread {
    private Socket socket;
    public ServerInputThread(Socket socket) {
        this.socket=socket;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        try {
            InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
            while (true) {
                byte[] buffuer = new byte[1024];
                int length = is.read(buffuer);
                String str = new String(buffuer, 0, length);
                System.out.println(str);
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.Socket;

public class ServerOutputThread extends Thread {
    private Socket socket;
    public ServerOutputThread(Socket socket){
        this.socket=socket;
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
        try {
            OutputStream os=socket.getOutputStream();
            while (true) {
                BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
                String line = reader.readLine();
                os.write(line.getBytes());
            }
        }catch (IOException e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }
}

接下来是用户端：

import java.net.Socket;

public class MainClient {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
        Socket socket=new Socket("localhost",4000);
         new ClientInputThread(socket).start();
         new ClientOutputThread(socket).start();
    }
}
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.Socket;

public class ClientInputThread extends Thread{
    private Socket socket;
    public ClientInputThread(Socket socket) {
        this.socket=socket;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        try {
            InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
            while (true) {
                byte[] buffuer = new byte[1024];
                int length = is.read(buffuer);
                String str = new String(buffuer, 0, length);
                System.out.println(str);
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}
public class ClientOutputThread extends Thread{
    private Socket socket;
    public ClientOutputThread(Socket socket){
        this.socket=socket;
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
        try {
            OutputStream os=socket.getOutputStream();
            while (true) {
                BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
                String line = reader.readLine();
                os.write(line.getBytes());
            }
        }catch (IOException e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

使用 无连接的数据报（UDP）进行通信
Datagram-----数据报是网上传输的独立数据包，数据报是否能正确地达到目的地，达到的时间，顺序，内容的正确性均没有保障。

import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;

public class UdpServer {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        DatagramSocket socket=new DatagramSocket();
        String string="hello world";
        DatagramPacket packet=new DatagramPacket(string.getBytes(),string.length(),
                InetAddress.getByName("localhost"),7000);
        socket.send(packet);
        byte[]buffur=new byte[1024];
        DatagramPacket packet1=new DatagramPacket(buffur,100);
        socket.receive(packet1);
        System.out.println(new String (buffur,0,packet1.getLength()));
       socket.close();
    }
}

import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
public class UdpTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        DatagramSocket socket=new DatagramSocket(7000);
        byte [] buffur=new byte[1024];
        DatagramPacket packet=new DatagramPacket(buffur,1024);
        socket.receive(packet);
        System.out.println(new String(buffur,0,packet.getLength()));
        String str="welcome";
        DatagramPacket packet1=new DatagramPacket(str.getBytes(),str.length(),packet.getAddress(),packet.getPort());
        socket.send(packet1);
        socket.close();
    }
}