视图是一个虚拟的表,其内容由查询语句定义,视图包含带有名称的列和行数据,视图的数据变化会影响到基表,基表的数据变化也会影响视图
1.基本使用
- 创建视图
create view 视图名 as select语句;
案例:
mysql> create view v_ename_dname as select ename,dname from emp,dept where emp.deptno=dept.deptno;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.14 sec)
- 查看视图
mysql> select * from v_ename_dname;
+--------+------------+
| ename | dname |
+--------+------------+
| SMITH | RESEARCH |
| ALLEN | SALES |
| WARD | SALES |
| JONES | RESEARCH |
| MARTIN | SALES |
| BLAKE | SALES |
| CLARK | ACCOUNTING |
| SCOTT | RESEARCH |
| KING | ACCOUNTING |
| TURNER | SALES |
| ADAMS | RESEARCH |
| JAMES | SALES |
| FORD | RESEARCH |
| MILLER | ACCOUNTING |
+--------+------------+
14 rows in set (0.28 sec)
- 修改视图,对基表数据由影响
update v_ename_dname set dname='sales' where ename='CLARK';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.26 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
- 修改基表,对视图有影响
mysql> select * from v_ename_dname where ename='JAMES';
- 删除视图
drop view 视图名;
2.视图的规则和限制
- 与表一样,必须唯一命名(不能出行同名视图或同名表)
- 创建视图数目无限制
- 视图不能添加索引,也不能有关联的触发器或者默认值
- 视图可以提高安全性,必须具有足够的访问权限