Python 小练习2

1.列表快速生成

cubes = [ x ** 3 + 100 for x in range(1,11)] #列表推导 2的3次方 + 100

print(cubes)

matrix =[ [0]*8 ] * 10 #[0]*8 将[0]里的元素重复8次，生成一个新列表，[ [0]*8 ] * 10是将列表重复10次

print(matrix)

matrix =[[r*c for c in range(8)] for r in range(10)] # for r in range(10) -> （0循环到9）

print(matrix)  #生成8行10列

values = [x+y for x in "abc" for y in "0123"]

print(values)

==等同==

values = []

for x in "abc":

    for y in "0123":

        values.append(x+y)

print(values)

 

2.列表运算

lans = ["AAA","BBB","CCC"]

print(["SSS","XXX"] + lans)

print([1,2,3] * 2)

print(["ZZZ","EEE"] * 2)

3.查询序列是否包含指定元素

print("a" in "wderdf","eac" in "teacher")

 print("aw" not in "reawer")

 4.成员函数

dummy = ["ccc","hen","huiy","ccc","sad","ccc"]

print("出现了 %d 次 ccc 在列表里"%(dummy.count("ccc")))

dummy.clear()

print("列表清理之后：",dummy)  #清理为 空

dummy.append("ccc")  #添加

print(dummy)

dummy.extend(["huiy","ccc"])

print(dummy) #扩展

dummy.index("huiy")

print(dummy) #下标

dummy.remove("ccc")

print(dummy)  #移除，但只移除第一个

5.列表复制

names = ["saca","det","kom","humm","dplk"]

namesAssigned = names

namesCopy = names.copy()

namesCopy[1] = "DET"

print("id:",id(names),"names:",names)

print("id:",id(namesAssigned),"names:",namesAssigned)         #id 地址相同

print("id:",id(namesCopy),"names:",namesCopy)       #id地址值不同，元素不会同时改变

6.切片

numbers = [x for x in range(10)]

print("numbers:",numbers)

print("number[3:9]:",numbers[3:9])  #从3——8  （x<9）

print("number[3:]:",numbers[3:])  #从3到最后一个元素

print("number[:9]:",numbers[:9])  #从第一个元素到9，不包含9

print("number[-6:-1]:",numbers[-6:-1])   #等同于从4——9

print("number[1:9:2]:",numbers[1:9:2])   #1到9（不含9）间隔2

print("number[-1:1:-2]:",numbers[-1:1:-2])  #等同于9——1，间隔-2，不包含1

numbers = [x for x in range(10)]

print("number[::1]:",numbers[::1])  #完整输出，x位置可加0

print("number[::-1]:",numbers[::-1])  #反序输出，y位置可加0

7.判断生肖

def myZodiac(year):

    zod = ["monkey","rooster","dog","pig","rat","ox","tiger","rabbir","dragon","snake","hours","sheep"]

    return zod[year % 12]   #能否被12整除，返回为对应下标，mokey为0

def main():

    y = eval(input("请输入出生年份："))

    print("你的生肖是：",myZodiac(y))

main()   #执行程序

 8.  随机抓扑克牌

扑克牌有54张牌，其中52张是正牌，另2张是副牌(大王和小王)。52张正牌又均分为
13张1组，共有黑桃、红桃、梅花、方块四组。每组花色的牌包括从2-10以及A、J Q. K标.
示的1 3张牌。在比较流行的斗地主游戏中，三个玩家中除庄家外，另外两个玩家一人要拿17
张牌。对于玩家而言，拿到哪十七张牌是完全随机的。

import random     #随机数模块

suits = ["spades","Hearts","Diamonds","clubs"]   #四种花色

ranks = ["A","2","3","4","5","6","7","8","9","10","J","Q","K"]  

cards = [x + y for x in suits for y in ranks] + ["Red Joker","Black Joker"]

cardsHold = []    #获得的手牌列表

for i in range(17):

    idx = random.randint(0,len(cards)-1)   #获得随机整数，范围为（0——列表-1）

    c = cards.pop(idx)  #弹出对应下标的元素

    cardsHold.append(c)   #弹出的元素加入  列表

print(cardsHold)

第二种：

import random     #随机数模块

suits = ["spades","Hearts","Diamonds","clubs"]   #四种花色

ranks = ["A","2","3","4","5","6","7","8","9","10","J","Q","K"]  

cards = [x + y for x in suits for y in ranks] + ["Red Joker","Black Joker"]

cardsHold = []    #获得的手牌列表

random.shuffle(cards)       #shuffle(打乱洗牌)

for x in range(17):

    cardsHold.append(cards.pop())

print(cardsHold)

9.bytes  字节串  只读类型  不可修改  可哈希

x = 65534

bufferLittle = x.to_bytes(2,"little")

print(bufferLittle)

bufferBig = x.to_bytes(2,"big")

print(bufferBig)

x = 65534

y = int.from_bytes(b"\xfe\xff","little")   #0xfe存在低地址，oxff在高地址

print(y)

y2 = int.from_bytes(b"\xfe\xff","big")   # 0xfeff   254 * 255

print(y2)

10.bytearry    字节数组    可修改类型   不可哈希

buffer = bytearray(0x00 for x in range(10))

print(type(buffer),buffer)

buffer = bytearray(b"abcdefghijklmn")

buffer[1] = ord("B")  #ord  返回字符的整数

print(buffer)

print(buffer[3:11:3])

11.数据类型及名字绑定

x = 2

print("id: ",id(x))

x = 3

print("id: ",id(x))

y = x

print("a id :",id(x)," y id : ",id(y))

x = 3

y = 3.0

if (x == y):

    print("x==y")

if x is y:

    print("x is y")

else:

    print("x is not y")

print(id(x),id(y))

 

#只读数据类型：int,float,str,bool,bytes,tuple
#可修改数据类型：list,set,bytearray

Values = (3,2,1)

valuesCopy = Values

valuesCopy = (1,2,1)

print(Values,valuesCopy)

 

Values = [3,2,1]

valuesCopy = Values

valuesCopy[1] = 55

print(Values,valuesCopy)

 

import copy

chars = bytearray(b"ABCDEFJ")

charsCopy = chars.copy()

charsCopy2 = chars[:]

print(id(chars),id(charsCopy),id(charsCopy2))