为什么内部类只能访问finally修饰的外部局部变量

为什么内部类只能访问finally修饰的外部局部变量？

首先要明确的是：内部类和外部类是处于同一个级别的,内部类不会因为定义在方法中就会随着方法的执行完毕就被销毁。

public class Test{

    public void test(final int b){
        final int a = 10 ;
        new Thread(){
            public void run(){
                Thread.sleep(1000);
                System.out.println(a);
                System.out.println(b);
            }
        };
    }
}

上面这个案例显而易见，test方法的生命周期和方法内部类的生命周期不同。

而形参局部变量和方法局部变量是不可能脱离方法而单独存在的，也就是说方法结束，变量即销毁，但是内部类对象可能还存在(只是没有人再引用它时，才会死亡)。这里就出现了一个矛盾：内部类对象访问了一个不存在的变量。

为了解决这个问题，内部类中为外部局部变量创建副本，在内部类中使用的“所谓外部局部变量”仅仅是“真实外部局部变量”的一个拷贝，因此，在内部类中为变量重新赋值不会影响外部变量。

反编译Test，深入了解"拷贝"：pipush(10)

Microsoft Windows [版本 10.0.18362.720]
(c) 2019 Microsoft Corporation。保留所有权利。

C:\Users\zc980807>javac C:\Users\zc980807\Desktop\Test.java    //会产生两个class文件

C:\Users\zc980807>javap -v C:\Users\zc980807\Desktop\Test$1.class
Classfile /C:/Users/zc980807/Desktop/Test$1.class
  Last modified 2020-3-22; size 579 bytes
  MD5 checksum 236e5ca3975e7b32a6d02109a715c742
  Compiled from "Test.java"
class com.huike.Test$1 extends java.lang.Thread
  minor version: 0
  major version: 52
  flags: ACC_SUPER
Constant pool:
   #1 = Fieldref           #6.#23         // com/huike/Test$1.this$0:Lcom/huike/Test;
   #2 = Fieldref           #6.#24         // com/huike/Test$1.val$b:I
   #3 = Methodref          #7.#25         // java/lang/Thread."<init>":()V
   #4 = Fieldref           #26.#27        // java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
   #5 = Methodref          #28.#29        // java/io/PrintStream.println:(I)V
   #6 = Class              #30            // com/huike/Test$1
   #7 = Class              #32            // java/lang/Thread
   #8 = Utf8               val$b
   #9 = Utf8               I
  #10 = Utf8               this$0
  #11 = Utf8               Lcom/huike/Test;
  #12 = Utf8               <init>
  #13 = Utf8               (Lcom/huike/Test;I)V
  #14 = Utf8               Code
  #15 = Utf8               LineNumberTable
  #16 = Utf8               run
  #17 = Utf8               ()V
  #18 = Utf8               SourceFile
  #19 = Utf8               Test.java
  #20 = Utf8               EnclosingMethod
  #21 = Class              #33            // com/huike/Test
  #22 = NameAndType        #34:#35        // test:(I)V
  #23 = NameAndType        #10:#11        // this$0:Lcom/huike/Test;
  #24 = NameAndType        #8:#9          // val$b:I
  #25 = NameAndType        #12:#17        // "<init>":()V
  #26 = Class              #36            // java/lang/System
  #27 = NameAndType        #37:#38        // out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
  #28 = Class              #39            // java/io/PrintStream
  #29 = NameAndType        #40:#35        // println:(I)V
  #30 = Utf8               com/huike/Test$1
  #31 = Utf8               InnerClasses
  #32 = Utf8               java/lang/Thread
  #33 = Utf8               com/huike/Test
  #34 = Utf8               test
  #35 = Utf8               (I)V
  #36 = Utf8               java/lang/System
  #37 = Utf8               out
  #38 = Utf8               Ljava/io/PrintStream;
  #39 = Utf8               java/io/PrintStream
  #40 = Utf8               println
{
  final int val$b;
    descriptor: I
    flags: ACC_FINAL, ACC_SYNTHETIC

  final com.huike.Test this$0;
    descriptor: Lcom/huike/Test;
    flags: ACC_FINAL, ACC_SYNTHETIC

  com.huike.Test$1(com.huike.Test, int);
    descriptor: (Lcom/huike/Test;I)V
    flags:
    Code:
      stack=2, locals=3, args_size=3
         0: aload_0
         1: aload_1
         2: putfield      #1                  // Field this$0:Lcom/huike/Test;
         5: aload_0
         6: iload_2
         7: putfield      #2                  // Field val$b:I
        10: aload_0
        11: invokespecial #3                  // Method java/lang/Thread."<init>":()V
        14: return
      LineNumberTable:
        line 7: 0

  public void run();
    descriptor: ()V
    flags: ACC_PUBLIC
    Code:
      stack=2, locals=1, args_size=1
         0: getstatic     #4                  // Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
         3: bipush        10    //----------------------------------->这个即为拷贝              
         5: invokevirtual #5                  // Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(I)V
         8: getstatic     #4                  // Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
        11: aload_0
        12: getfield      #2                  // Field val$b:I
        15: invokevirtual #5                  // Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(I)V
        18: return
      LineNumberTable:
        line 9: 0
        line 10: 8
        line 11: 18
}
SourceFile: "Test.java"
EnclosingMethod: #21.#22                // com.huike.Test.test
InnerClasses:
     #6; //class com/huike/Test$1

但是重新赋值导致的问题是：内外两个变量将不再同步。

为了同步，所以要求该变量必须有 final 修饰，使其不可变，这样就保证了内部类的成员变量和方法的局部变量的一致性。