synchronized和lock的区别与用法

# synchronized和lock的区别

1. synchronized是java内置的关键字，lock是一个java类。
2. synchronized无法获取锁的状态，Lock可判断锁的状态。
3. synchronized会自动释放锁，但是lock需要手动来释放锁。
4. synchronized释放锁（一、线程同步代码块执行完释放锁，二、线程异常释放锁）。
5. 用synchronized锁A和B两个线程，如果，A线程拿到锁，那么B线程则等待，如果线程A阻塞那么B线程一直等待。用lock锁A和B两个线程的话，B线程如果一直拿不到锁就会结束等待。
6. synchronized的锁可重入、不可中断、非公平。lock可重复、默认为非公平，构造方法可以传入boolean 值，true为公平锁，false为非公平锁。
7. synchronized适合少量的同步代码块，lock适合锁大量的同步代码块。

synchronized示例

public class TestSynchronized {

   public static void main(String[] args) {
       Ticket ticket = new Ticket();
       new Thread(new Runnable() {
           @Override
           public void run() {
               for (int i = 0;i <= 5;i++){
                   ticket.saleTick();
               }
           }
       }, "a").start();

       new Thread(new Runnable() {
           @Override
           public void run() {
               for (int i = 0;i <= 5;i++){
                   ticket.saleTick();
               }
           }
       },"b").start();


       new Thread(new Runnable() {
           @Override
           public void run() {
               for (int i = 0;i <= 5;i++){
                   ticket.saleTick();
               }
           }
       },"c").start();
   }
}
class Ticket{
   private int ticketNums = 10;

   public synchronized void saleTick(){
       if (ticketNums > 0){
           System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "买的第" + ticketNums + "张票");
           ticketNums--;
       }
   }
}

执行结果

如果不加synchronized就会发生异常

lock示例

import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

public class TestLock {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Ticket ticket = new Ticket();
        new Thread(()->{
            for (int i = 0;i <5 ; i++){
                ticket.saleTick();
            }
        },"a").start();

        new Thread(()->{
            for (int i = 0;i <5 ; i++){
                ticket.saleTick();
            }
        },"b").start();

        new Thread(()->{
            for (int i = 0;i <5 ; i++){
                ticket.saleTick();
            }
        },"c").start();
    }
}

class Ticket{
    private int ticketNum = 10;
    private  Lock lock =new ReentrantLock();
    public void saleTick(){
        lock.lock();
        try {
            if (ticketNum > 0){
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "买的第" + ticketNum + "张票" );
                ticketNum--;
            }
        } catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }
}

执行结果：