yum源搭建

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最新推荐文章于 2024-07-16 18:36:21 发布

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分类专栏：新手求指教文章标签： Linux yum搭建

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_43298772/article/details/86586011

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yum源搭建

搭建本地yum源

红帽系统镜像中有我们可能会用到的一些软件，搭载好的yum源相当于手机上的应用市场，可以在其中下载需要的软件。以下操作是在真机和server虚拟机中搭载yum源

1.之前我介绍过，/mnt目录是Linux系统中的临时挂载点，我们需要先将红帽7.3的镜像挂载在真机的/mnt目录下，挂载完成后对/mnt目录进行的操作就是对镜像进行的操作。

[kiosk@foundation67 Desktop]$ mount rhel-server-7.3-x86_64-dvd.iso /mnt
mount: only root can do that  #注意：必须是超级用户才能进行挂载
[kiosk@foundation67 Desktop]$ su
Password: 
[root@foundation67 Desktop]# mount rhel-server-7.3-x86_64-dvd.iso /mnt
mount: /dev/loop0 is write-protected, mounting read-only

2.输入df指令，df指令可以查看系统挂载情况

[root@foundation67 Desktop]# df 
Filesystem     1K-blocks     Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda8      328423752 16996088 311427664   6% /
devtmpfs         3949744        0   3949744   0% /dev
tmpfs            3964732      500   3964232   1% /dev/shm
tmpfs            3964732     9436   3955296   1% /run
tmpfs            3964732        0   3964732   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda6         505580   151500    354080  30% /boot
/dev/sda1         303104    34528    268576  12% /boot/efi
tmpfs             792948       16    792932   1% /run/user/1000
/dev/sdb1       15101488  6276288   8825200  42% /run/media/kiosk/KINGSTON
/dev/loop0       3704296  3704296         0 100% /mnt

3.从上图中可以看出/mnt目录下挂载完成，相当于建好了一个仓库，但是仓库建好后必须要知道前往仓库的路径，只有这样才能去仓库之中买东西，挂载完成后就需要修改配置文件，修改配置文件就相当于告知系统仓库的路径。配置文件在/etc/yum.repos.d/目录下

[root@foundation67 Desktop]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@foundation67 yum.repos.d]# ls
redhat.repo  yum.repo

4.将该目录下的所有文件清空

[root@foundation67 yum.repos.d]# rm -rf *

5.清空之后必须新建一个以.repo结尾的文件，名称可以随便起

[root@foundation67 yum.repos.d]# vim yum.repo
[root@foundation67 yum.repos.d]# cat yum.repo
[rhel7.3] #仓库描述
name=rhel7.3 server #对软件源的描述
baseurl=file:///mnt     #镜像挂载的地址
gpgcheck=0              #不检测gpgkey
enabled=1               #此yum源语句块立即生效

6.之后对yum源进行检测：

先清空之前的yum源信息

[root@foundation67 yum.repos.d]# yum clean all
Loaded plugins: langpacks, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Cleaning repos: rhel7.3
Cleaning up everything

之后列出yum的信息

[root@foundation67 yum.repos.d]# yum repolist
Loaded plugins: langpacks, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
rhel7.3                                                                           | 4.1 kB  00:00:00     
(1/2): rhel7.3/group_gz                                                           | 136 kB  00:00:00     
(2/2): rhel7.3/primary_db                                                         | 3.9 MB  00:00:00     
repo id                                       repo name                                            status
rhel7.3                                       rhel7.3 server                                       4,751
repolist: 4,751

列出yum信息后可以先在真机上下载gcc服务进行测试
yum安装格式为

yum install 软件名 -y

[root@foundation67 yum.repos.d]# yum install gcc -y
Loaded plugins: langpacks, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package gcc.x86_64 0:4.8.5-11.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: cpp = 4.8.5-11.el7 for package: gcc-4.8.5-11.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libgomp = 4.8.5-11.el7 for package: gcc-4.8.5-11.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: glibc-devel >= 2.2.90-12 for package: gcc-4.8.5-11.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libgcc >= 4.8.5-11.el7 for package: gcc-4.8.5-11.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libmpc.so.3()(64bit) for package: gcc-4.8.5-11.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libmpfr.so.4()(64bit) for package: gcc-4.8.5-11.el7.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package cpp.x86_64 0:4.8.5-11.el7 will be installed
---> Package glibc-devel.x86_64 0:2.17-157.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: glibc = 2.17-157.el7 for package: glibc-devel-2.17-157.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: glibc-headers = 2.17-157.el7 for package: glibc-devel-2.17-157.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: glibc-headers for package: glibc-devel-2.17-157.el7.x86_64
---> Package libgcc.x86_64 0:4.8.5-4.el7 will be updated
---> Package libgcc.x86_64 0:4.8.5-11.el7 will be an update
---> Package libgomp.x86_64 0:4.8.5-4.el7 will be updated
---> Package libgomp.x86_64 0:4.8.5-11.el7 will be an update
---> Package libmpc.x86_64 0:1.0.1-3.el7 will be installed
---> Package mpfr.x86_64 0:3.1.1-4.el7 will be installed
--> Running transaction check
---> Package glibc.x86_64 0:2.17-105.el7 will be updated
--> Processing Dependency: glibc = 2.17-105.el7 for package: glibc-common-2.17-105.el7.x86_64
---> Package glibc.x86_64 0:2.17-157.el7 will be an update
---> Package glibc-headers.x86_64 0:2.17-157.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: kernel-headers >= 2.2.1 for package: glibc-headers-2.17-157.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: kernel-headers for package: glibc-headers-2.17-157.el7.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package glibc-common.x86_64 0:2.17-105.el7 will be updated
---> Package glibc-common.x86_64 0:2.17-157.el7 will be an update
---> Package kernel-headers.x86_64 0:3.10.0-514.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

=========================================================================================================
 Package                     Arch                Version                      Repository            Size
 
=========================================================================================================
Installing:
 gcc                         x86_64              4.8.5-11.el7                 rhel7.3               16 M
Installing for dependencies:
 cpp                         x86_64              4.8.5-11.el7                 rhel7.3              5.9 M
 glibc-devel                 x86_64              2.17-157.el7                 rhel7.3              1.1 M
 glibc-headers               x86_64              2.17-157.el7                 rhel7.3              668 k
 kernel-headers              x86_64              3.10.0-514.el7               rhel7.3              4.8 M
 libmpc                      x86_64              1.0.1-3.el7                  rhel7.3               51 k
 mpfr                        x86_64              3.1.1-4.el7                  rhel7.3              203 k
Updating for dependencies:
 glibc                       x86_64              2.17-157.el7                 rhel7.3              3.6 M
 glibc-common                x86_64              2.17-157.el7                 rhel7.3               11 M
 libgcc                      x86_64              4.8.5-11.el7                 rhel7.3               97 k
 libgomp                     x86_64              4.8.5-11.el7                 rhel7.3              152 k

Transaction Summary

=========================================================================================================
Install  1 Package  (+6 Dependent packages)
Upgrade             ( 4 Dependent packages)

Total download size: 44 M
Downloading packages:

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                                                     54 MB/s |  44 MB  00:00:00     
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  Updating   : libgcc-4.8.5-11.el7.x86_64                                                           1/15 
  Updating   : glibc-2.17-157.el7.x86_64                                                            2/15 
  Updating   : glibc-common-2.17-157.el7.x86_64                                                     3/15 
  Installing : mpfr-3.1.1-4.el7.x86_64                                                              4/15 
  Installing : libmpc-1.0.1-3.el7.x86_64                                                            5/15 
  Installing : cpp-4.8.5-11.el7.x86_64                                                              6/15 
  Updating   : libgomp-4.8.5-11.el7.x86_64                                                          7/15 
  Installing : kernel-headers-3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64                                                 8/15 
  Installing : glibc-headers-2.17-157.el7.x86_64                                                    9/15 
  Installing : glibc-devel-2.17-157.el7.x86_64                                                     10/15 
  Installing : gcc-4.8.5-11.el7.x86_64                                                             11/15 
  Cleanup    : libgomp-4.8.5-4.el7.x86_64                                                          12/15 
  Cleanup    : glibc-2.17-105.el7.x86_64                                                           13/15 
  Cleanup    : glibc-common-2.17-105.el7.x86_64                                                    14/15 
  Cleanup    : libgcc-4.8.5-4.el7.x86_64                                                           15/15 
rhel7.3/productid                                                                 | 1.6 kB  00:00:00     
  Verifying  : glibc-common-2.17-157.el7.x86_64                                                     1/15 
  Verifying  : glibc-devel-2.17-157.el7.x86_64                                                      2/15 
  Verifying  : kernel-headers-3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64                                                 3/15 
  Verifying  : mpfr-3.1.1-4.el7.x86_64                                                              4/15 
  Verifying  : libgcc-4.8.5-11.el7.x86_64                                                           5/15 
  Verifying  : glibc-2.17-157.el7.x86_64                                                            6/15 
  Verifying  : cpp-4.8.5-11.el7.x86_64                                                              7/15 
  Verifying  : libgomp-4.8.5-11.el7.x86_64                                                          8/15 
  Verifying  : gcc-4.8.5-11.el7.x86_64                                                              9/15 
  Verifying  : glibc-headers-2.17-157.el7.x86_64                                                   10/15 
  Verifying  : libmpc-1.0.1-3.el7.x86_64                                                           11/15 
  Verifying  : libgomp-4.8.5-4.el7.x86_64                                                          12/15 
  Verifying  : libgcc-4.8.5-4.el7.x86_64                                                           13/15 
  Verifying  : glibc-common-2.17-105.el7.x86_64                                                    14/15 
  Verifying  : glibc-2.17-105.el7.x86_64                                                           15/15 

Installed:
  gcc.x86_64 0:4.8.5-11.el7                                                                              

Dependency Installed:
  cpp.x86_64 0:4.8.5-11.el7                         glibc-devel.x86_64 0:2.17-157.el7                   
  glibc-headers.x86_64 0:2.17-157.el7               kernel-headers.x86_64 0:3.10.0-514.el7              
  libmpc.x86_64 0:1.0.1-3.el7                       mpfr.x86_64 0:3.1.1-4.el7                           

Dependency Updated:
  glibc.x86_64 0:2.17-157.el7      glibc-common.x86_64 0:2.17-157.el7    libgcc.x86_64 0:4.8.5-11.el7   
  libgomp.x86_64 0:4.8.5-11.el7   

Complete!

7.安装完成，说明yum源搭载完成

在真机上搭载yum源来让虚拟机使用

1.以上操作是在真机上配置yum源，配置yum源后可以在真机上下载http服务，下载完http服务后就可以让虚拟机使用搭载在真机上的yum源来下载虚拟机所必须的一些软件（起到共享的作用），但是想要让虚拟机使用真机上的yum源就必须将版本7.0的镜像挂载在真机的/var/www/html/rhel7.0目录上（rhel7.0是后面新建的）并且开启http服务。
注意：虚拟机的版本号必须要和镜像的版本号匹配，只有这样在yum源中下载软件才能在虚拟机中使用。而且真机的镜像也必须要和真机使用的镜像相匹配（我使用的真机版本是7.3），否则安装的http服务可能不能正常使用

[root@foundation67 yum.repos.d]# yum install httpd -y
Loaded plugins: langpacks, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-45.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: httpd-tools = 2.4.6-45.el7 for package: httpd-2.4.6-45.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libapr-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: httpd-2.4.6-45.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libaprutil-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: httpd-2.4.6-45.el7.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package apr.x86_64 0:1.4.8-3.el7 will be installed
---> Package apr-util.x86_64 0:1.5.2-6.el7 will be installed
---> Package httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-45.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

=========================================================================================================
 Package                   Arch                 Version                      Repository             Size
 
=========================================================================================================
Installing:
 httpd                     x86_64               2.4.6-45.el7                 rhel7.3               1.2 M
Installing for dependencies:
 apr                       x86_64               1.4.8-3.el7                  rhel7.3               103 k
 apr-util                  x86_64               1.5.2-6.el7                  rhel7.3                92 k
 httpd-tools               x86_64               2.4.6-45.el7                 rhel7.3                84 k

Transaction Summary

=========================================================================================================
Install  1 Package (+3 Dependent packages)

Total download size: 1.4 M
Installed size: 4.3 M
Downloading packages:

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                                                     20 MB/s | 1.4 MB  00:00:00     
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  Installing : apr-1.4.8-3.el7.x86_64                                                                1/4 
  Installing : apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64                                                           2/4 
  Installing : httpd-tools-2.4.6-45.el7.x86_64                                                       3/4 
  Installing : httpd-2.4.6-45.el7.x86_64                                                             4/4 
  Verifying  : httpd-tools-2.4.6-45.el7.x86_64                                                       1/4 
  Verifying  : apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64                                                           2/4 
  Verifying  : httpd-2.4.6-45.el7.x86_64                                                             3/4 
  Verifying  : apr-1.4.8-3.el7.x86_64                                                                4/4 

Installed:
  httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-45.el7                                                                            

Dependency Installed:
  apr.x86_64 0:1.4.8-3.el7      apr-util.x86_64 0:1.5.2-6.el7      httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-45.el7     

Complete!

2.通过上述操作，在真机中下载了httpd服务，这样就可以让两个虚拟机使用挂载在真机中的镜像来下载软件，比较方便
通过以下操作来关闭防火墙和开启httpd服务，并且将红帽7.0版本的镜像挂载在/var/www/html/rhel7.0目录上来让两个虚拟机从这个镜像中下载软件，这就相当于手机中的应用市场

[root@foundation67 yum.repos.d]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@foundation67 yum.repos.d]# systemctl disable firewalld
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/basic.target.wants/firewalld.service.
[root@foundation67 yum.repos.d]# systemctl start httpd
[root@foundation67 yum.repos.d]# systemctl status httpd
● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Sat 2019-01-19 22:14:56 CST; 8s ago
     Docs: man:httpd(8)
           man:apachectl(8)
 Main PID: 6460 (httpd)
   Status: "Processing requests..."
   CGroup: /system.slice/httpd.service
           ├─6460 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─6544 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─6545 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─6546 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─6547 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           └─6548 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND

Jan 19 22:14:16 foundation67.ilt.example.com systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server...
Jan 19 22:14:36 foundation67.ilt.example.com httpd[6460]: AH00557: httpd: apr_sockaddr_info_get() fa...om
Jan 19 22:14:36 foundation67.ilt.example.com httpd[6460]: AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determi...ge
Jan 19 22:14:56 foundation67.ilt.example.com systemd[1]: Started The Apache HTTP Server.
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.

在/var/www/html/目录下新建rhel7.0目录，之后要将7.0的镜像挂载在rhel7.0这个目录上

[root@foundation67 yum.repos.d]# mkdir /var/www/html/rhel7.0
[root@foundation67 yum.repos.d]# mount /home/kiosk/Desktop/rhel-server-7.0-x86_64-dvd.iso /var/www/html/rhel7.0
mount: /dev/loop1 is write-protected, mounting read-only

3.挂载完成后便可以修改两个虚拟机中的配置文件来在7.0镜像中下载软件，以下操作在虚拟机中进行，要确保虚拟机和真机可以ping得通。我的网络在之前已经配置好了，不在详述，要查看网络配置的相关操作，可以查阅一下我的“Linux远程免密登录那篇博客”，里面有比较详细的描述

[root@server Desktop]# ifconfig
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 172.25.254.117  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 172.25.254.255
        inet6 fe80::5054:ff:fe00:430b  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 52:54:00:00:43:0b  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 93  bytes 7065 (6.8 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 92  bytes 6705 (6.5 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>
        loop  txqueuelen 0  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 430  bytes 36540 (35.6 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 430  bytes 36540 (35.6 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

[root@server Desktop]# ping 172.25.254.67
PING 172.25.254.67 (172.25.254.67) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 172.25.254.67: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.199 ms
64 bytes from 172.25.254.67: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.156 ms
64 bytes from 172.25.254.67: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.171 ms
^C
--- 172.25.254.67 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 1999ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.156/0.175/0.199/0.020 ms

在虚拟机中进行yum源的配置文件的修改，相当于告知虚拟机yum源在真机中的路径，可以让虚拟机沿着路径从真机中下载必须的软件

[root@server Desktop]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@server yum.repos.d]# ls
rhel_dvd.repo
[root@server yum.repos.d]# rm -rf *
[root@server yum.repos.d]# vim yum.repo
[root@server yum.repos.d]# cat yum.repo
[rhel7.0]
name=rhel7.0 server
baseurl=http://172.25.254.67/rhel7.0
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1

4.配置文件修改完成后进行测试

[root@server yum.repos.d]# yum clean all
Loaded plugins: langpacks
Cleaning repos: rhel7.0
Cleaning up everything
[root@server yum.repos.d]# yum repolist
Loaded plugins: langpacks
rhel7.0                                                  | 4.1 kB     00:00     
(1/2): rhel7.0/group_gz                                    | 134 kB   00:00     
(2/2): rhel7.0/primary_db                                  | 3.4 MB   00:00     
repo id                          repo name                                status
rhel7.0                          rhel7.0 server                           4,305
repolist: 4,305

关闭虚拟机防火墙，否则虚拟机不能成功地从真机中下载软件

[root@server yum.repos.d]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@server yum.repos.d]# systemctl disable firewalld
rm '/etc/systemd/system/basic.target.wants/firewalld.service'
rm '/etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service'

可以先安装dhcp软件来测试yum源有没有搭载成功，下载好的dhcp软件在后续刚好也会使用到

[root@server yum.repos.d]# yum install dhcp -y
Loaded plugins: langpacks
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package dhcp.x86_64 12:4.2.5-27.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

================================================================================================================
 Package               Arch                    Version                           Repository                Size
 
================================================================================================================
Installing:
 dhcp                  x86_64                  12:4.2.5-27.el7                   rhel7.0                  506 k

Transaction Summary

================================================================================================================
Install  1 Package

Total download size: 506 k
Installed size: 1.4 M
Downloading packages:
dhcp-4.2.5-27.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                             | 506 kB  00:00:00     
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  Installing : 12:dhcp-4.2.5-27.el7.x86_64                                                                  1/1 
  Verifying  : 12:dhcp-4.2.5-27.el7.x86_64                                                                  1/1 

Installed:
  dhcp.x86_64 12:4.2.5-27.el7                                                                                   

Complete!

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