进程和线程学习笔记

进程

• 给每个程序提供的独立封闭的环境，里面有各种资源和线程

区别

• 同进程下的线程可以共享资源，进程之间无法直接共享资源

使用Thread类来定义工作

    Thread thread=new Thread(){
      @Override public void run() {
        super.run();
        //工作内容
      }
    };

使用Runable来定义工作

    Runnable runnable =
        new Runnable() {
          @Override
          public void run() {

            while (flag) {}
          }
        };
        Thread thread=new Thread(runnable);

工厂方法

 ThreadFactory threadFactory=new ThreadFactory() {
      int count=1;
      @Override public Thread newThread(@NonNull Runnable r) {
        count++;
        return new Thread(r,count+"");
      }
    };
    
    Thread thread=threadFactory.newThread(runnable);

Executor

 Executor executor = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
    executor.execute(runnable);

• newCachedThreadPool()
  初始0个线程，可以不断添加，用完后线程会暂时缓存，过段时间之后会回收
• newSingleThreadExecutor();
  只能跑一个线程，放多个会排队进行
• Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5);
  只能跑限定个数的线程，需要自己做资源回收
  ((ExecutorService)executor).shutdown();

Callable (可以看作有返回值的Runnable)

Callable<String> callable=new Callable<String>() {
    @Override public String call() throws Exception {
      return "string";
    }
  };
  ExecutorService executor=Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
  Future<String> future=executor.submit(callable);
  String result=future.get();