Codeforces Round #550 (Div. 3)（F题，图论）

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本文探讨了一种算法，用于解决图论中的问题——如何在无向图中为每条边指定方向，使得最终形成的有向图不包含长度大于等于2的路径。文章通过深度优先搜索实现边的方向设定，并确保不会出现冲突。

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F. Graph Without Long Directed Paths

题目链接：http://codeforces.com/contest/1144/problem/F
time limit per test 2 seconds
memory limit per test 256 megabytes
input standard input
output standard output
You are given a connected undirected graph consisting of n vertices and m edges. There are no self-loops or multiple edges in the given graph.
You have to direct its edges in such a way that the obtained directed graph does not contain any paths of length two or greater (where the length of path is denoted as the number of traversed edges).

Input

The first line contains two integer numbers n and m (2≤n≤2⋅105, n−1≤m≤2⋅105) — the number of vertices and edges, respectively.
The following m lines contain edges: edge i is given as a pair of vertices ui, vi (1≤ui,vi≤n, ui≠vi). There are no multiple edges in the given graph, i. e. for each pair (ui,vi) there are no other pairs (ui,vi) and (vi,ui) in the list of edges. It is also guaranteed that the given graph is connected (there is a path between any pair of vertex in the given graph).

Output

If it is impossible to direct edges of the given graph in such a way that the obtained directed graph does not contain paths of length at least two, print “NO” in the first line.
Otherwise print “YES” in the first line, and then print any suitable orientation of edges: a binary string (the string consisting only of ‘0’ and ‘1’) of length m. The i-th element of this string should be ‘0’ if the i-th edge of the graph should be directed from ui to vi, and ‘1’ otherwise. Edges are numbered in the order they are given in the input.

Example

input

6 5
1 5
2 1
1 4
3 1
6 1

output

YES
10100

Note

The picture corresponding to the first example:
在这里插入图片描述
And one of possible answers:

题目大意：

给你无向的图，让你给图的边决定方向。获得的有向图不包含长度为2或更大的任何路径。也就是一个点，不能同时有入度和出度。

题目思路：

建立一个邻接表，然后边dfs，看成双向图，每次遍历顺便赋值0或1，如果冲突了，就输出NO。

代码：

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define ll long long
struct node{
   int v,next;
}e[400005];
int head[200005],cnt=0;
void add(int u,int v){
  e[cnt]={v,head[u]},head[u]=cnt++;
}
int n,m;
int col[200005],flag;
int a[200005],b[200005];
void dfs(int u,int f){
  col[u]=f;
  for(int i=head[u];~i;i=e[i].next){
    if(col[e[i].v]==0){
         dfs(e[i].v,f^1);
    }
    else if(col[e[i].v]==f) flag=0;
  }
}
int main(){
    scanf("%d %d",&n,&m);
    memset(head,-1,sizeof(head));
    for(int i=1;i<=m;i++){
        scanf("%d %d",&a[i],&b[i]);
        add(a[i],b[i]);
        add(b[i],a[i]);
    }
    flag=1;
    for(int i=1;i<=n;i++){
        if(!col[i]) dfs(i,2);
    }
        if(flag){
            puts("YES");
          for(int i=1;i<=m;i++){
            if(col[a[i]]==2) cout<<"1";
            else cout<<"0";
          }
          cout<<" "<<endl;
        }
        else{
            cout<<"NO"<<endl;
        }
}