文件读取简单操作

文件操作–Day2

1.读取整个文件

with open ('./Desktop/test_json_data.json') as file:   #要特别注意文件的路径./当前目录下
    contents = file.read()      
    print((contents).strip())   #read()到达文件末尾时会返回一个空字符串，显示出来就是一个空行，所以要交strip()函数删除空行

[
  {
    "id": 0,
    "isActive": true,
    "balance": "1,957.88",
    "age": 23,
    "username": "Alta",
    "email": "altamckee@zensus.com",
    "phone": "+1 (898) 593-3470",
    "registered": "2020-06-05T08:12:50 -08:00",
    "latitude": 55.067808,
    "longitude": -126.171323,
    "tags": [
      "proident",
      "ipsum",
      "elit",
      "esse",
      "pariatur",
      "labore",
      "nisi"
 ......
 ......
 
    "id": 75,
    "isActive": false,
    "balance": "1,274.47",
    "age": 33,
    "username": "Irwin",
    "email": "irwinmckee@zensus.com",
    "phone": "+1 (946) 521-3313",
    "registered": "2019-09-07T12:48:45 -08:00",
    "latitude": -47.913944,
    "longitude": -40.715072,
    "tags": [
      "esse",
      "aliquip",
      "sit",
      "ex",
      "occaecat",
      "Lorem",
      "consequat"
    ],
    "greeting": "Hello, undefined! You have 1 unread messages.",
    "favoriteFruit": "strawberry"
  }
]

#要让Python打开与程序文件不位于同一个目录中的文件，需要提供文件路径,在Windows系统中，在文件路径中使用反斜杠（\ ）而不是斜杠（/ ）：

2. 逐行读取

#要以每次一行的方式检查文件，可对文件对象使用for 循环

for line in contents:
print(line.strip()) #使用一个简单的for 循环来打印lines 中的各行
或者
lines = file.readlines() #从文件中读取每一行，并将其存储在一个列表中

3. 使用文件内容

file_string = ''   #创建变量file_string存储文件contents内容
for line in contents:
    file_string +=line.strip()   #用循环将各行都加入file_string并删除每行末尾换行符
print(file_string)

[{"id":0,"isActive":true,"balance":"1,957.88","age":23,"username":"Alta","email":"altamckee@zensus.com","phone":"+1(898)593-3470","registered":"2020-06-05T08:12:50-08:00","latitude":55.067808,"longitude":-126.171323,"tags":["proident","ipsum","elit","esse","pariatur","labore","nisi"],"greeting":"Hello,undefined!Youhave6unreadmessages.","favoriteFruit":"banana"},{"id":1,"isActive":true,"balance":"1,591.20","age":40,"username":"Lilian","email":"lilianmckee@zensus.com","phone":"+1(872)565-3204","registered":"2022-01-26T09:50:15-08:00","latitude":5.55564,"longitude":-14.003746,"tags":["id","cillum","elit","ad","est","velit","tempor"],"greeting":"Hello,undefined!Youhave9unreadmessages.","favoriteFruit":"apple"},{"id":2,"isActive":false,"balance":"2,538.80","age":30,"username":"Frank","email":"frankmckee@zensus.com","phone":"+1(849)506-3365","registered":"2016-09-18T11:05:30-08:00","latitude":2.81869,"longitude":128.647055,"tags":["excepteur","ullamco","reprehenderit","irure","culpa","occaecat","ullamco"],"greeting":"Hello,undefined!Youhave1unreadmessages.","favoriteFruit":"apple"},{"id":3,"balance":"3,561.54","age":22,"username":"Paula","email":"paulamckee@zensus.com","phone":"+1(978)462-2884","registered":"2020-10-24T02:07:08-08:00","latitude":74.538512,"longitude":101.372685,"tags":["adipisicing","incididunt","minim","culpa","incididunt","sit","ad"],"greeting":"Hello,undefined!Youhave9unreadmessages.","favoriteFruit":"apple"},{"id":4,"isActive":true,"balance":"1,141.44","age":40,"username":"Laura","email":"lauramckee@zensus.com","phone":"+1(970)430-3691","registered":"2014-05-31T09:28:16-08:00","latitude":64.765994,"longitude":6.237858,"tags":["nulla","officia","enim","ullamco","do","dolor","mollit"],"greeting":"Hello,undefined!Youhave9unreadmessages.","favoriteFruit":"strawberry"},{"id":5,"isActive":false,"balance":"3,475.50","age":35,"username":"Boyer","email":"boyermckee@zensus.com","phone":"+1(806)520-2707","registered":"2019-03-14T03:36:01-08:00","latitude":64.697295,"longitude":-10.047144,"tags":["excepteur","elit","et","mollit","nostrud","consequat","adipisicing"],"greeting":"Hello,undefined!Youhave5unreadmessages.","favoriteFruit":"banana"},{"id":6,"isActive":true,"balance":"1,724.26","age":28,"username":"Gay","email":"gaymckee@zensus.com","phone":"+1(821)505-3033","registered":"2015-04-24T03:46:47-08:00","latitude":-74.777288,"longitude":104.977168,"tags":["labore","laboris","tempor","velit","est","qui","ipsum"],"greeting":"Hello,undefined!Youhave8unreadmessages.","favoriteFruit":"apple"},{"id":7,"isActive":true,"balance":"3,134.76","age":39,"username":"Marlene","email":"marlenemckee@zensus.com","phone":"+1(951)563-3448","registered":"2019-03-02T12:09:10-08:00","latitude":54.001815,"longitude":81.353144,"tags":["do","nostrud","cupidatat","aliquip","pariatur","sint","aliquip"],"greeting":"Hello,undefined!Youhave8unreadmessages.","favoriteFruit":"banana"},{"id":8,"isActive":true,"balance":"3,907.32","age":20,"username":"Mayra","email":"mayramckee@zensus.com","phone":"+1(850)470-2965","registered":"2014-06-15T07:04:58-08:00","latitude":-72.784577,"longitude":-86.005952,"tags":["dolor","et","esse","velit","sit","irure","aliqua"],"greeting":"Hello,undefined!Youhave7unreadmessages.","favoriteFruit":"strawberry"},{"id":9,"isActive":false,"balance":"2,347.74","age":40,"username":"Horton","email":"hortonmckee@zensus.com","phone":"+1(831)459-2644","registered":"2020-11-18T03:29:09-08:00","latitude":2.928268,"longitude":-13.225237,"tags":["pariatur","consectetur","et","ullamco","qui","Lorem","minim"],"greeting":"Hello,undefined!Youhave1unreadmessages.","favoriteFruit":"apple"},{"id":10,"isActive":true,"balance":"2,365.19","age":39,"username":"Aisha","email":"aishamckee@zensus.com","phone":"+1(817)597-2863","registered":"2020-04-29T01:55:41-08:00","latitude":-45.308095,"longitude":149.528702,"tags":["quis","deserunt","ad","est","eiusmod","voluptate","eu"],"greeting":"Hello,undefined!Youhave9unreadmessages.","favoriteFruit":"apple"},{"id":11,"isActive":false,"balance":"1,215.03","age":36,"username":"Butler","email":"butlermckee@zensus.com","phone":"+1(888)448-2583","registered":"2021-02-09T02:58:52-08:00","latitude":-88.059546,"longitude":-18.318412,"tags":["laborum","nisi","et","aliquip","ea","nostrud","eu"],"greeting":"Hello,undefined!Youhave10unreadmessages.","favoriteFruit":"banana"},{"id":12,"isActive":true,"balance":"3,388.41","age":22,"username":"Julianne","email":"juliannemckee@zensus.com","phone":"+1(866)575-2771","registered":"2019-07-19T03:12:55-08:00","latitude":-11.36204,"longitude":124.72747,"tags":["qui","duis","ad","elit","occaecat","culpa","aliquip"],"greeting":"Hello,undefined!Youhave8unreadmessages.","favoriteFruit":"banana"},{"id":13,"isActive":true,"balance":"2,590.43","age":22,"username":"Lucile","email":"lucilemckee@zensus.com","phone":"+1(806)428-2761","registered":"2021-07-20T10:19:07-08:00","latitude":-73.754497,"longitude":-107.050303,"tags":["magna","mollit","cillum","id","aute","except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注意 读取文本文件时，Python将其中的所有文本都解读为字符串。如果你读取的是数字，并要将其作为数值使用，就必须使用函数int() 将其转换为整数，或使用
函数float() 将其转换为浮点数。

4. 写入空文件

在调用open() 时需要提供另一个实参，第一个实参也是要打开的文件的名称；第二个实参（‘w’ ）告诉Python，我们要以写入模式 打开这个文件。打开文件
时，可指定读取模式 （‘r’ ）、写入模式 （‘w’ ）、附加模式 （‘a’ ）或让你能够读取和写入文件的模式（‘r+’ ）。如果你省略了模式实参，Python将以默认的只读模式打
开文件。
如果你要写入的文件不存在，函数open() 将自动创建它。然而，以写入（‘w’ ）模式打开文件时千万要小心，因为如果指定的文件已经存在，Python将在返回文件对象前清空
该文件。 #你要给文件添加内容，而不是覆盖原有的内容，可以附加模式 ‘a’ 打开文件
filename = ‘programming.txt’
with open(filename, ‘w’) as file_object:
file_object.write(“I love programming.”)
file_object.write(“I love creating new games.\n”) #写入多行，需要在write()语句中包含换行符
5. 分析文本

方法split() 以空格为分隔符将字符串分拆成多个部分，并将这些部分都存储到一个列表中。

6. 存储数据（用模块json存储）

函数json.dump() 接受两个实参：要存储的数据以及可用于存储数据的文件对象。
import json #导入json模块
numbers = [2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13]
filename = ‘numbers.json’ #们指定了要将该数字列表存储到其中的文件的名称。通常使用文件扩展名.json来指出文件存储的数据为JSON格式
with open(filename, ‘w’) as f_obj: #以写方式打开，让json将数据写入其中
json.dump(numbers, f_obj) #使用函数json.dump() 将数字列表存储到文件numbers.json中
json.load() 将这个列表读取到内存
import json
filename = ‘numbers.json’
with open(filename) as f_obj: #Python只需读取这个文件
numbers = json.load(f_obj) #使用函数json.load() 加载存储在numbers.json中的信息，并将其存储到变量numbers 中
print(numbers)
7. csv文件格式【将数据作为一系列以逗号分隔的值写入文件】
import csv #导入csv模块
filename = ‘文件名’
with open(filename) as f: #打开文件并将结果文件存入f中
reader = csv.reader(f) #调用csv.reader(),将前面存储的文件对象作为实参传递给它，从而创建一个与该文件相关联的阅读器（reader）对象。我们将这个阅读器对象存储在reader 中。
header_row = next(reader)#模块csv 包含函数next() ，调用它并将阅读器对象传递给它时，它将返回文件中的下一行,将返回的数据存储在header_row 中
print(header_row)