按键驱动其实和简单的字符设备驱动一样,只是用特定函数实现特定的功能,下面就来写一个简单的按键驱动。
我们将一个普通的字符的设备驱动给拿过来
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
ssize_t my_read (struct file *filp, char __user *buffer, size_t count, loff_t *fpos)
{
printk("my_read\n");
return 0;
}
ssize_t my_write (struct file *filp, char __user *buffer, size_t count, loff_t *fpos)
{
printk("my_write\n");
return 0;
}
int my_open (struct inode *node, struct file *filp)
{
printk("my_open\n");
return 0;
}
int my_close (struct inode *node, struct file *filp)
{
printk("my_close\n");
return 0;
}
static const struct file_operations my_operations = {
.owner =THIS_MODULE,
.open = my_open,
.release =my_close ,
.read =my_read,
.write =my_write
};
static int __init hello_drv_init(void)
{
return 0;
}
static int __exit hello_drv_exit(void)
{
return 0;
}
module_init(hello_drv_init);
module_exit(hello_drv_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
在此基础上,把它改成按键驱动
首先我们需要一个结构体来描述按键的各个属性
struct key_event{
int code;//按键类型
int value;//按键状态,按下或者抬起( 0 / 1 )
};
struct key_dsc{
int major;//主设备号
struct class *key_class;
struct device *key_dev;
int irq;//中断号
unsigned long flag;//触发按键的方式,高低电平或者上升,下降沿触发
struct key_event my_event;
};
在入口函数init中
my_key.flag=IRQF_DISABLED |
IRQF_TRIGGER_FALLING |
IRQF_TRIGGER_RISING;
//设置IRQF_DISABLED非共享中断,IRQF_TRIGGER_FALLING下降沿,IRQF_TRIGGER_RISING上升沿触发
然后获取中断号,中断号有很多方法获得,主流方法是通过设备树添加节点然后可以调用相应的方法获取,这里我们用gpio_to_irq来获取
这里用到的按键是key1,通过查看原理图
然后一路追踪,发现在芯片接出的引脚为
所以中断号获取
my_key.irq=gpio_to_irq(EXYNOS4_GPX3(2))
中断号已经获取到了,接下来就是将这个中断号注册内核,这样才能识别
request_irq(my_key.irq,key_handle_t,my_key.flag,"key1",NULL);
很显然我们发现了一个中断服务函数,当我们按下按键的时候触发了中断,就会做出一个反应,这个反应用一个中断服务函数key_handle_t实现
irqreturn_t key_handle_t(int irq,void *dev_id){
int dn=0;
dn=gpio_get_value(EXYNOS4_GPX3(2));//根据这个函数获取GPX3_2的按键状态
if(!dn)
{
printk("\n key down !! \n");
my_key.my_event.code=KEY_ENTER;
my_key.my_event.value=1;
}
else
{
printk("\n key up !! \n");
my_key.my_event.code=KEY_ENTER;
my_key.my_event.value=0;
}
return IRQ_HANDLED;
}
当按键按下的时候就会触发这个函数,value的值 按下为0,抬起为1
驱动完整代码如下:
#include<linux/kernel.h>
#include<linux/init.h>
#include<linux/module.h>
#include<linux/device.h>
#include<linux/fs.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include<linux/slab.h>
#include<linux/interrupt.h> //中断注册注销头文件
#include<linux/gpio.h> //gpio相关的头文件
#include<linux/cdev.h>
#include <linux/string.h>
struct key_event{
int code;//按键类型
int value;//按键状态,按下或者抬起( 0 / 1 )
};
struct key_dsc{
int major;
struct class *key_class;
struct device *key_dev;
int irq;//中断号
unsigned long flag;
struct key_event my_event;
};
#define device_name "qin_key"
#define class_name "qin_class"
#define KEY_ENTER 28
struct key_dsc my_key;
ssize_t key_read(struct file *file, const char __user *buffer, size_t count, loff_t *fpos){
// ****************read函数目的是将案按键的数组传到应用层,kbuf[4] ************
if(count>4)//防止数据溢出
{
count=4;
}
if(copy_to_user(buffer,&my_key.my_event,sizeof(struct key_event)))//copy_to_user 返回零代表copy失败,1代表成功
{
printk("\n copy fail!! \n");
}
memset(&my_key.my_event,0,sizeof(struct key_event));
return count;
}
ssize_t key_write (struct file *file, const char __user *buf, size_t count, loff_t *fpos){
printk("\n key_ is write!! \n");
}
int key_open (struct inode *inode, struct file *file){
printk("\n key_ is open!! \n");
return 0;
}
int key_close(struct inode *inode, struct file *file){
printk("\n key_ is close!! \n");
}
irqreturn_t key_handle_t(int irq,void *dev_id){
int dn=0;
dn=gpio_get_value(EXYNOS4_GPX3(2));//根据这个函数获取GPX3_2的按键状态
if(!dn)
{
printk("\n key down !! \n");
my_key.my_event.code=KEY_ENTER;
my_key.my_event.value=1;
}
else
{
printk("\n key up !! \n");
my_key.my_event.code=KEY_ENTER;
my_key.my_event.value=0;
}
return IRQ_HANDLED;
}
static struct file_operations myfops={
.owner=THIS_MODULE,
.open=key_open,
.release=key_close,
.write=key_write,
.read=key_read,
};
static int __init key_init(void)
{
my_key.irq=0;
my_key.major=250;
my_key.flag=IRQF_DISABLED |
IRQF_TRIGGER_FALLING |
IRQF_TRIGGER_RISING;//设置属性,上升,下降沿触发
my_key.irq=gpio_to_irq(EXYNOS4_GPX3(2));//获取中断号
request_irq(my_key.irq,key_handle_t,my_key.flag,"key1",NULL);//将这个按键注册到内核,这样才能识别
if(register_chrdev(my_key.major,"qin",&myfops))//返回值为1则失败
{
printk("\nregister is faile !\n");
}
else
{
printk("\nregister is ok !\n");
}
my_key.key_class=class_create(THIS_MODULE,"class");
my_key.key_dev=device_create(my_key.key_class,NULL,MKDEV(my_key.major,0),NULL,"qin");
printk("\nI am key_dev\n");
return 0;
}
static int __exit key_exit(void)
{
free_irq(my_key.irq,NULL); //注销key1中断
device_destroy(my_key.key_class,MKDEV(my_key.major,0));//注销dev
class_destroy(my_key.key_class);//注销class
unregister_chrdev(my_key.major,"qin");
printk("\n bye bye~~~~~~~\n");
return 0;
}
module_init(key_init);
module_exit(key_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
app完整代码如下:
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<sys/stat.h>
#include<fcntl.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#define KEY_ENTER 28
struct key_event{
int code;//按键类型
int value;//按键状态,按下或者抬起( 0 / 1 )
};
int main()
{
struct key_event key;
int fd=0;
fd=open("/dev/qin",O_RDWR);
if(fd<0)
{ printf("open file fail!");
}
else
{
printf("\n open file success !!\n");
}
while(1)
{
read(fd,&key,sizeof(struct key_event));
if(key.code==KEY_ENTER)
{
if(key.value==0)
{
printf("\n key value is %d \n",key.code);
printf("\n key value is %d \n",key.value);
printf("\n key up!!!!!!!!!! \n");
}
if(key.value==1)
{
printf("\n key value is %d \n",key.code);
printf("\n key value is %d \n",key.value);
printf("\n key down!!!!!!!!!! \n");
}
}
}
return 0;
}
由于app代码过于简单,就不解释了