- 大整数存储
数组存储,个位在前,有助于进位运算
例如,高精度加法
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
vector<int> add(vector<int> &A, vector<int> &B)
{
vector<int> C;
int t = 0;
for(int i = 0;i<A.size()|| i<B.size();i++)
{
if(i < A.size()) t += A[i];
if(i < B.size()) t += B[i];
C.push_back(t % 10);
t /= 10;
}
if(t) C.push_back(1);
return C;
}
int main()
{
string a,b;
vector<int> A,B;
cin >> a >> b;
for(int i = a.size() - 1;i>=0;i--) A.push_back(a[i] - '0');
for(int i = b.size() - 1;i>=0;i--) B.push_back(b[i] - '0');
auto C = add(A,B);
for(int i = C.size() -1;i>=0;i--) printf("%d",C[i]);
return 0;
}
高精度减法模板
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
bool cmp(vector<int> &A, vector<int> &B)
{
if(A.size()!=B.size()) return A.size()>B.size();
for(int i = A.size() - 1;i>=0;i--)
if (A[i]!=B[i])
return A[i]>B[i];
return true;
}
vector<int> sub(vector<int> &A,vector<int> &B)
{
vector<int> C;
for(int i = 0,t=0;i<A.size();i++)
{
t = A[i] - t;
if(i<B.size()) t -= B[i];
C.push_back((t+ 10)%10);
if(t<0) t = 1;
else t = 0;
}
while(C.size()> 1 && C.back() == 0) C.pop_back();
return C;
}
int main()
{
string a,b;
vector<int> A,B;
cin >> a >> b;
for(int i = a.size() - 1;i>=0;i--) A.push_back(a[i] - '0');
for(int i = b.size() - 1;i>=0;i--) B.push_back(b[i] - '0');
if(cmp(A,B))
{
auto C = sub(A,B);
for(int i =C.size() - 1;i>=0;i--) printf("%d",C[i]);
}
else{
auto C = sub(B,A);
printf("-");
for(int i = C.size() -1;i>=0;i--) printf("%d",C[i]);
}
return 0;
}
高精度乘法模板
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
vector<int> mul(vector<int> &A,int b)
{
vector<int> C;
int t = 0;
for(int i =0 ;i < A.size() || t;i++)
{
if(A.size()) t+=A[i]*b;
C.push_back(t % 10);
t /= 10;
}
return C;
}
int main()
{
string a;
int b;
cin >> a >> b;
vector<int> A;
for(int i = a.size() - 1;i>=0;i--) A.push_back(a[i] - '0');
auto C = mul(A,b);
for(int i = C.size() - 1;i >= 0;i --) printf("%d",C[i]);
}
高精度除法模板
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;
vector<int> div(vector<int> &A,int b,int &r)
{
vector<int> C;
r=0;
for(int i =A.size()-1;i >= 0;i--)
{
r = r * 10+A[i];
C.push_back(r / b);
r %= b;
}
reverse(C.begin(),C.end());
while(C.size() >1 && C.back() == 0) C.pop_back();
return C;
}
int main()
{
string a;
int b;
cin >> a >> b;
vector<int> A;
for(int i = a.size() - 1;i>=0;i--) A.push_back(a[i] - '0');
int r;
auto C = div(A,b,r);
for(int i = C.size() - 1;i >= 0;i --) printf("%d",C[i]);
cout << endl << r << endl;
return 0;
}
- 前缀和
一维前缀和
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
const int N = 100010;
int a[N],s[N];
int main()
{
int n,m;
scanf("%d%d",&n,&m);
for(int i =1;i<=n;i++) scanf("%d",a[i]);
for(int i =1;i<=n;i++) s[i] = s[i-1]+a[i];
while(m--)
{
int l,r;
scanf("%d%d",&l,&r);
printf("%d",s[r] - s[l-1]);
}
return 0;
}
二维前缀和
#include <iostream>
const int N = 1010;
int n,m,q;
int a[N][N],s[N][N];
int main()
{
scanf("%d%d%d",&n,&m,&q);
for(int i = 1;i<=n;i++)
{
for(int j=1;j<=m;j++)
{
scanf("%d",&a[i][j]);
}
}
for(int i = 1;i<=n;i++)
{
for(int j = 1;j<=m;j++)
{
s[i][j] = s[i-1][j]+s[i][j-1] - s[i-1][j-1] + a[i][j];//求前缀和
}
}
while(q--)
{
int x1,y1,x2,y2;
scanf("%d%d%d%d",&x1,&y1,&x2,&y2);
printf("%d\n",s[x2][y2] - s[x1-1][y2] - s[x2][y1-1]+s[x1-1][y1-1]); // 算子矩阵的和
}
return 0;
}
- 差分
一维差分
差分是前缀和的逆
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
const int N = 100010;
int n,m;
int a[N],b[N];
void insert(int l,int r,int c)
{
b[l]+=c;
b[r+1]-=c;
}
int main()
{
scanf("%d%d",&n,&m);
for(int i = 1;i<=n;i++) scanf("%d",&a[i]);
for(int i = 1;i<=n;i++) insert(i,i,a[i]);
while(m--){
int l,r,c;
scanf("%d%d%d",&l,&r,&c);
insert(l,r,c);
}
for(int i= 1;i<=n;i++) b[i]+=b[i-1];
for(int i = 1;i<=n;i++) printf("%d ",b[i]);
return 0;
}
二维差分
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
const int N=1010;
int n,m,q;
int a[N][N],b[N][N];
void insert(int x1,int y1,int x2,int y2,int c)
{
b[x1][y1] += c;
b[x2+1][y1] -= c;
b[x1][y2+1] -= c;
b[x2+1][y2 +1]+=c;
}
int main()
{
scanf("%d%d%d",&n,&m,&q);
for(int i = 1;i<=n;i++){
for(int j = 1;j<=m;j++){
scanf("%d",&a[i][j]);
}
}
for(int i = 1;i<=n;i++){
for(int j = 1;j<=m;j++){
insert(i,j,i,j,a[i][j]);
}
}
while(q--){
int x1,y1,x2,y2,c;
cin>> x1 >> y1 >> x2 >> y2 >> c;
insert(x1,y1,x2,y2,c);
}
for(int i = 1;i<=n;i++){
for(int j = 1;j<=m;j++)
b[i][j] += b[i-1][j]+b[i][j-1]-b[i-1][j-1];
}
for(int i = 1;i<=n;i++){
for(int j = 1;j<=m;j++) printf("%d\n",b[i][j]);
puts("");
}
return 0;
}