【英语学习】【医学】Unit 07 Uterus and Menstrual Cycle

《基础医学英语》读书笔记

常见词根与词缀

词根/词缀	含义	示例	词源
cyst(o)-	bladder 囊，膀胱	cystoma 囊瘤 cystitis 膀胱炎	from Greek kustis ‘bladder’. 注：cholecyst(o)-：胆囊
cyt(o)-	cell 细胞	cytoplasm 细胞质 cytology 细胞学	from Greek kutos ‘vessel’. 注：-cyte：细胞之后缀
hist(o)-	tissue 组织	histology 组织学 histoma 组织瘤	from Greek histos ‘web, tissue’.
men(o)-	menses, period 月经	menopathy 月经病 menopause 月经	late 16th century: from Latin, plural of mensis ‘month’.
my(o)-	muscle 肌	myodynamics 肌动力学 myocyte 肌细胞	from Greek mus, mu- ‘mouse or muscle’.
ovari(o)-	ovary 卵巢	ovaritis 卵巢炎 ovariotherapy 卵巢制剂疗法	mid 17th century: from modern Latin ovarium, from Latin ovum ‘egg’
placent(o)-	placenta 胎盘	placentitis 胎盘炎 placentotoxin 胎盘毒素	late 17th century: from Latin, from Greek plakous, plakount- ‘flat cake’, based on plax, plak- ‘flat plate’.
ureter(o)-	ureter 输尿管	ureteropathy 输尿管病 ureterolith 输尿管结石	late 16th century: from French uretère or modern Latin ureter, from Greek ourētēr, from ourein ‘urinate’.
urethr(o)-	urethra 尿道	urethroscope 尿道镜 urethrospasm 尿道痉挛	mid 17th century: from late Latin, from Greek ourēthra, from ourein ‘urinate’. 注：ureter与urethra这两个词容易混淆，都与尿尿有关，但是ureter是kidney到bladder的管，urethra是膀胱到鸡鸡的道。
-gram	record 图，像	cystogram 膀胱照片 placentogram 胎盘照片	from gramma “record”, from Greek gramma ‘thing written, letter of the alphabet’, from graphein ‘write’.
-graph	graph 图 recorder 描记器	myograph 肌动描记器 urethrograph 尿道内径描记器	late 19th century: abbreviation of graphic formula .
-graphy	graph-making technology 造影术	ureterography 输尿管造影术 photography 照相术	from or suggested by Greek -graphia ‘writing’. 注：-gram，-graph，与-graphy都与“图像”有关，-gram专指“照片”，-graph既可指“照片”，又可指 “拍照的机器”，而-graphy则专指 “拍照的技术”。
-pathy	disease 病	myopathy 肌病 ovariopathy 卵巢病	from Greek patheia ‘suffering, feeling’.
-scope	to look at 窥镜	cystoscope 膀胱镜 telescope 望远镜	mid 16th century (in the sense ‘target for shooting at’) from modern Latin -scopium, from Greek skopein ‘look at’.
-scopy	examine 检查 technology of examination 检查术	cystoscopy 膀胱镜检查 urethroscopy 尿道镜检查	from Greek skopia ‘observation’, from skopein ‘examine, look at’. 注：-scope是指“检查工具，即各种窥镜”，-scopy既可指“检查行为”，又可指“检查术”

图片来自https://www.kidneyurology.org/Library/Urologic_Health.php/Urniary_system_and_how_works.php