statistics模块：统计分析

1.计算平均值函数mean()

>>> import statistics
>>> statistics.mean([1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9])  #使用包含整数的列表作为参数
5
>>> statistics.mean(range(1,10))  #使用range对象作为参数
5
>>> import fractions
>>> x=[(3,7),(1,21),(5,3),(1,3)]


>>> y=[fractions.Fraction(*item) for item in x]
>>> y
[Fraction(3, 7), Fraction(1, 21), Fraction(5, 3), Fraction(1, 3)]
>>> statistics.mean(y)  #使用包含分数的列表作为参数
Fraction(13, 21)
>>> import decimal
>>> x=('0.5','0.75','0.625','0.375')
>>> y=map(decimal.Decimal,x)
>>> y
<map object at 0x0669DE50>
>>> statistics.mean(y)
Decimal('0.5625')

2.中位数函数

median():偶数个样本时读取中间两个数的平均数
median_low()：偶数个样本时读取中间两个数的较小值
median_high：偶数个样本时读取中间两个数的较大值
median_grouped()：

>>> statistics.median([1,3,5,7])
4.0
>>> statistics.median_low([1,3,5,7])
3
>>> statistics.median_high([1,3,5,7])
5


>>> statistics.median(range(1,10))
5
>>> statistics.median_low([3,5,7]),statistics.median_high([3,5,7])
(5, 5)
>>> statistics.median_grouped([3,5,7])
5.0
>>> statistics.median_grouped([52,52,53,54])
52.5
>>> statistics.median_grouped([1,3,3,5,7])
3.25
>>> statistics.median_grouped([1,3,3,5,7],interval=2)
3.5

3.返回常见数据或出现次数最多的数据

>> statistics.mode([1,3,5,7])  #无法确定出现次数最多的元素


statistics.StatisticsError: no unique mode; found 4 equally common values
>>> statistics.mode([1,3,5,7,5,5,3])
5
>>> statistics.mode(['red','red','app','apple'])
'red'

4.pstdev():返回总体标准差

>>> statistics.pstdev([1.5,2.5,2.5,2.75,3.25,4.75])
0.986893273527251
>>> statistics.pstdev(range(20))
5.766281297335398

5.pvariance():返回总体方差或二次矩

>>> statistics.pvariance([1.5,2.5,2.5,2.75,3.25,4.75])
0.9739583333333334
>>> statistics.pvariance(range(20))
33.25
>>> x=[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]
>>> mu=statistics.mean(x)
>>> mu
5.5

6.variance()、stdev(),计算样本方差和样本标准差

>>> statistics.variance(range(20))
35.0
>>> statistics.stdev(range(20))
5.916079783099616
>>> _*_
35.0
>>> statistics.variance([3,3,3,3,3]),statistics.stdev([3,3,3,3,3])
(0, 0.0)