《第一行代码》学习记录（三）

最常用和最难用的控件——ListView

ListView的简单用法

1、在activity_main.xml里新建一个ListView控件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">

    <ListView
        android:id="@+id/list_view"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"/>

</LinearLayout

2、在MainActivity.java里面引入数据

这里简单使用 data数组来进行测试，但数组中的数据是无法直接传递给ListView的，因此需要借助适配器来完成。

ArrayAdapter：可以通过泛型来指定要适配的数据类型，然后在构造函数中把要适配的数据传入。

package com.example.learn;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import android.widget.ListView;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private String[] data={"Apple","aa","bb","cc","dd","ee",
                            "ff","gg","hh","ii","jj","kk","ll",
                            "mm","nn","oo","pp","qq","rr","ss"};
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        ArrayAdapter<String> adapter = new ArrayAdapter<String>(//参数：上下文，listview的id，要进行适配的数据
                    MainActivity.this,android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1,data);
        ListView listView=(ListView)findViewById(R.id.list_view);
        listView.setAdapter(adapter); //将构建好的适配器对象传递进去
    }
}

3、运行

定制ListView的界面

在list的文字前面添加图片。
1、新定义一个实体类Fruit

package com.example.entity;

public class Fruit {
    private String name;
    private int imageId;
    public Fruit(String name,int imageId){
        this.name=name;
        this.imageId=imageId;
    }
    public String getName(){
        return name;
    }
    public  int getImageId(){
        return imageId;
    }
}

2、为listview的子项自定义一个布局fruit_item.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content">

    <!-- 显示水果的图片 -->
    <ImageView
        android:id="@+id/fruit_image"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"/>

    <!--显示水果的名称-->
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/fruit_name"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:gravity="center_vertical"
        android:layout_marginLeft="10dp"/>

</LinearLayout>

3、创建一个自定义的适配器
这个适配器继承自ArrayAdapter，并将泛型指定为Fruit类。

package com.example.adapter;

import android.content.Context;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.TextView;

import com.example.entity.Fruit;
import com.example.learn.R;

import java.util.List;

public class FruitAdapter extends ArrayAdapter<Fruit> {
    private int resourceId;
    public FruitAdapter(Context context, int textViewResourceId, List<Fruit> objects){
        super(context,textViewResourceId,objects);
        resourceId=textViewResourceId;
    }


    @Override
    public View getView(int position, View convertView,  ViewGroup parent) {
        Fruit fruit=getItem(position);//获取当前项的fruit实例
        View view = LayoutInflater.from(getContext()).inflate(resourceId,parent,false);
        ImageView fruitImage = (ImageView) view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_image);
        TextView fruitName=(TextView)view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_name);
        fruitImage.setImageResource(fruit.getImageId());
        fruitName.setText(fruit.getName());
        return view;
    }
}

4、在MainActivity中引入数据并调用适配器

package com.example.learn;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import android.widget.ListView;

import com.example.adapter.FruitAdapter;
import com.example.entity.Fruit;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private List<Fruit> fruitList =new ArrayList<>();
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        initFruits();//初始化水果数据

        //将FruitAdapter作为适配器传递给ListView
        FruitAdapter adapter =new FruitAdapter(MainActivity.this,R.layout.fruit_item,fruitList);
        ListView listView=(ListView) findViewById(R.id.list_view);
        listView.setAdapter(adapter);
    }

    private void initFruits(){
        for(int i=0;i<2;i++){
            Fruit apple = new Fruit("Apple",R.drawable.pic1);
            fruitList.add(apple);
            Fruit apple1 = new Fruit("Apple1",R.drawable.pic1);
            fruitList.add(apple1);
            Fruit apple2 = new Fruit("Apple2",R.drawable.pic1);
            fruitList.add(apple2);
            Fruit apple3 = new Fruit("Apple3",R.drawable.pic1);
            fruitList.add(apple3);
            Fruit apple4 = new Fruit("Apple4",R.drawable.pic1);
            fruitList.add(apple4);
            Fruit apple5 = new Fruit("Apple5",R.drawable.pic1);
            fruitList.add(apple5);
            Fruit apple6 = new Fruit("Apple6",R.drawable.pic1);
            fruitList.add(apple6);
            Fruit apple7 = new Fruit("Apple7",R.drawable.pic1);
            fruitList.add(apple7);
            Fruit apple8 = new Fruit("Apple8",R.drawable.pic1);
            fruitList.add(apple8);
            Fruit apple9 = new Fruit("Apple9",R.drawable.pic1);
            fruitList.add(apple9);
        }
    }
}

5、运行

一开始运行的时候图片太大了，占满了整个屏幕，所以又把ImageView的属性改了一下，最终呈现出来的结果就是上面这样。

<!-- 显示水果的图片 -->
    <ImageView
        android:id="@+id/fruit_image"
        android:layout_width="60dp"
        android:layout_height="60dp"
        />