磁盘管理—RAID创建

10.4、软RAID创建

1、环境准备
添加一个10G的虚拟硬盘,分成10

#确定系统中是否安装了mdadm
[root@localhost ~]# which mdadm
/usr/sbin/mdadm
#创建一个名为md0的raid0 -l表示级别 -n表示有几个设备
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -C /dev/md0 -l 0 -n 2 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdc2
mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata
mdadm: array /dev/md0 started.
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid0]
md0 : active raid0 sdc2[1] sdc1[0]
      2093056 blocks super 1.2 512k chunks

unused devices: <none>
#查看md0的详细信息
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md0
/dev/md0:#设备名称
           Version : 1.2 #mdadm版本
     Creation Time : Wed Dec 15 16:41:43 2021
        Raid Level : raid0
        Array Size : 2093056 (2044.00 MiB 2143.29 MB)
      Raid Devices : 2  #分区数量
     Total Devices : 2
       Persistence : Superblock is persistent

       Update Time : Wed Dec 15 16:41:43 2021
             State : clean #状态
    Active Devices : 2 #活跃设备数量
   Working Devices : 2  #工作的设备数量
    Failed Devices : 0 #坏的设备数量
     Spare Devices : 0 #备用设备数量

        Chunk Size : 512K

Consistency Policy : none

              Name : localhost.localdomain:0  (local to host localhost.localdomain)
              UUID : a0b9bb2b:2295b25a:05f406f3:8fa004bf
            Events : 0

    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
       0       8       33        0      active sync   /dev/sdc1
       1       8       34        1      active sync   /dev/sdc2
#格式化文件系统
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/md0
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
文件系统标签=
OS type: Linux
块大小=4096 (log=2)
分块大小=4096 (log=2)
Stride=128 blocks, Stripe width=256 blocks
130816 inodes, 523264 blocks
26163 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
第一个数据块=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=536870912
16 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8176 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912

Allocating group tables: 完成
正在写入inode表: 完成
Creating journal (8192 blocks): 完成
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成
#创建挂载点目录
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /md0
#挂载md0
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/md0 /md0
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
文件系统                 容量  已用  可用 已用% 挂载点
devtmpfs                 833M     0  833M    0% /dev
tmpfs                    852M     0  852M    0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    852M  9.3M  843M    2% /run
tmpfs                    852M     0  852M    0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root   38G   28G  9.7G   74% /
/dev/mapper/centos-home   19G  9.4G  8.8G   52% /home
/dev/sda1               1014M  241M  774M   24% /boot
tmpfs                    171M     0  171M    0% /run/user/0
/dev/md0                 2.0G  6.0M  1.9G    1% /md0   
#  测试
[root@localhost ~]# iostat -m -d /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdc2 2
#另外打开一个窗口,使用/dev/zero,向md0里面输出512个1M的文件
[root@localhost ~]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/md0/file bs=1M count=512
记录了512+0 的读入
记录了512+0 的写出
536870912字节(537 MB)已复制,4.32312 秒,124 MB/秒

Linux 4.14.35-2047.506.8.el7uek.x86_64 (localhost.localdomain)  2021年12月15日  _x86_64_        (2 CPU)
Device:            tps    MB_read/s    MB_wrtn/s    MB_read    MB_wrtn
sdc1             61.00         0.00        30.00          0         60
sdc2             59.50         0.00        29.75          0         59

Device:            tps    MB_read/s    MB_wrtn/s    MB_read    MB_wrtn
sdc1            120.50         0.00        61.00          0        122
sdc2            120.50         0.00        61.25          0        122

Device:            tps    MB_read/s    MB_wrtn/s    MB_read    MB_wrtn
sdc1             75.50         0.00        37.02          0         74
sdc2             74.00         0.00        37.00          0         74
^C

10.5、创建RAID1

#创建一个包含sdc3和sdc5分区的raid1,-l表示raid1,-n表示分区或者磁盘数量
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -C /dev/md1 -l 1 -n 2 /dev/sdc3 /dev/sdc5
mdadm: Note: this array has metadata at the start and
    may not be suitable as a boot device.  If you plan to
    store '/boot' on this device please ensure that
    your boot-loader understands md/v1.x metadata, or use
    --metadata=0.90
Continue creating array? y  #由于sdc5是扩展分区,不能当作引导设备,所有需要确定是否继续创建
mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata
mdadm: array /dev/md1 started.
#查看创建结果
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid0] [raid1]
md1 : active raid1 sdc5[1] sdc3[0]
      1046528 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]

md0 : active raid0 sdc2[1] sdc1[0]
      2093056 blocks super 1.2 512k chunks

unused devices: <none>
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md1
/dev/md1:
           Version : 1.2
     Creation Time : Wed Dec 15 17:21:09 2021
        Raid Level : raid1
        Array Size : 1046528 (1022.00 MiB 1071.64 MB)
     Used Dev Size : 1046528 (1022.00 MiB 1071.64 MB)
      Raid Devices : 2
     Total Devices : 2
       Persistence : Superblock is persistent

       Update Time : Wed Dec 15 17:21:15 2021
             State : clean
    Active Devices : 2
   Working Devices : 2
    Failed Devices : 0
     Spare Devices : 0

Consistency Policy : resync

              Name : localhost.localdomain:1  (local to host localhost.localdomain)
              UUID : 1b3fe2a7:1bfeb315:f14663b0:d3190efd
            Events : 17

    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
       0       8       35        0      active sync   /dev/sdc3
       1       8       37        1      active sync   /dev/sdc5
# 将md1格式化为ext4
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/md1
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
文件系统标签=
OS type: Linux
块大小=4096 (log=2)
分块大小=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
65408 inodes, 261632 blocks
13081 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
第一个数据块=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=268435456
8 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8176 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376

Allocating group tables: 完成
正在写入inode表: 完成
Creating journal (4096 blocks): 完成
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成
#挂载
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /md1
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/md1 /md1
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
文件系统                 容量  已用  可用 已用% 挂载点
devtmpfs                 833M     0  833M    0% /dev
tmpfs                    852M     0  852M    0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    852M  9.4M  843M    2% /run
tmpfs                    852M     0  852M    0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root   38G   28G  9.7G   74% /
/dev/mapper/centos-home   19G  9.4G  8.8G   52% /home
/dev/sda1               1014M  241M  774M   24% /boot
tmpfs                    171M     0  171M    0% /run/user/0
/dev/md0                 2.0G  519M  1.4G   28% /md0
/dev/md1                 990M  2.6M  921M    1% /md1
#故障模拟,将sdc3分区设置为不可用
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm /dev/md1 -f /dev/sdc3
mdadm: set /dev/sdc3 faulty in /dev/md1
#查看raid状态
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid0] [raid1]
md1 : active raid1 sdc5[1] sdc3[0](F)#有“(F)”表示不可用,或者已经损坏
      1046528 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [_U]# 正常情况下这里应该是“UU”

md0 : active raid0 sdc2[1] sdc1[0]
      2093056 blocks super 1.2 512k chunks

unused devices: <none>
#移除坏的分区
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm /dev/md1 -r /dev/sdc3
mdadm: hot removed /dev/sdc3 from /dev/md1
#查看md1状态
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md1
/dev/md1:
           Version : 1.2
     Creation Time : Wed Dec 15 17:21:09 2021
        Raid Level : raid1
        Array Size : 1046528 (1022.00 MiB 1071.64 MB)
     Used Dev Size : 1046528 (1022.00 MiB 1071.64 MB)
      Raid Devices : 2
     Total Devices : 1
       Persistence : Superblock is persistent

       Update Time : Wed Dec 15 17:26:47 2021
             State : clean, degraded
    Active Devices : 1
   Working Devices : 1
    Failed Devices : 0
     Spare Devices : 0

Consistency Policy : resync

              Name : localhost.localdomain:1  (local to host localhost.localdomain)
              UUID : 1b3fe2a7:1bfeb315:f14663b0:d3190efd
            Events : 20

    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
       -       0        0        0      removed  #已经被移除了
       1       8       37        1      active sync   /dev/sdc5
 #添加新的分区或者磁盘
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm /dev/md1 -a /dev/sdc6
mdadm: added /dev/sdc6
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid0] [raid1]
md1 : active raid1 sdc6[2] sdc5[1]
      1046528 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]

md0 : active raid0 sdc2[1] sdc1[0]
      2093056 blocks super 1.2 512k chunks

unused devices: <none>
#由于当添加了新的磁盘有,系统会自动同步数据到新磁盘上,所以可以用watch -n1实时监控同步状态,“-n1”表示1秒执行一次“”双引号里面的命令。
[root@localhost ~]# watch -n1 "cat /proc/mdstat"

10.6、创建RAID5

[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -C /dev/md5 -l 5 -n 3 -x 1 /dev/sdc[3789]
mdadm: /dev/sdc3 appears to be part of a raid array:
       level=raid1 devices=2 ctime=Wed Dec 15 17:21:09 2021
Continue creating array? y
mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata
mdadm: array /dev/md5 started.
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4]
md5 : active raid5 sdc8[4] sdc9[3](S) sdc7[1] sdc3[0]  #“sdc9[3](S)”表示备用磁盘
      2093056 blocks super 1.2 level 5, 512k chunk, algorithm 2 [3/3] [UUU]

md1 : active raid1 sdc6[2] sdc5[1]
      1046528 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]

md0 : active raid0 sdc2[1] sdc1[0]
      2093056 blocks super 1.2 512k chunks

unused devices: <none>
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md5
/dev/md5:
           Version : 1.2
     Creation Time : Wed Dec 15 17:49:43 2021
        Raid Level : raid5
        Array Size : 2093056 (2044.00 MiB 2143.29 MB)
     Used Dev Size : 1046528 (1022.00 MiB 1071.64 MB)
      Raid Devices : 3
     Total Devices : 4
       Persistence : Superblock is persistent

       Update Time : Wed Dec 15 17:49:49 2021
             State : clean
    Active Devices : 3
   Working Devices : 4
    Failed Devices : 0
     Spare Devices : 1

            Layout : left-symmetric
        Chunk Size : 512K

Consistency Policy : resync

              Name : localhost.localdomain:5  (local to host localhost.localdomain)
              UUID : 98ee5458:62324bd1:d4ab0893:0d9b500f
            Events : 18

    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
       0       8       35        0      active sync   /dev/sdc3
       1       8       39        1      active sync   /dev/sdc7
       4       8       40        2      active sync   /dev/sdc8

       3       8       41        -      spare   /dev/sdc9 #备用磁盘
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/md5
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
文件系统标签=
OS type: Linux
块大小=4096 (log=2)
分块大小=4096 (log=2)
Stride=128 blocks, Stripe width=256 blocks
130816 inodes, 523264 blocks
26163 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
第一个数据块=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=536870912
16 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8176 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912

Allocating group tables: 完成
正在写入inode表: 完成
Creating journal (8192 blocks): 完成
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /md5
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/md5 /md5
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
文件系统                 容量  已用  可用 已用% 挂载点
devtmpfs                 833M     0  833M    0% /dev
tmpfs                    852M     0  852M    0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    852M  9.4M  843M    2% /run
tmpfs                    852M     0  852M    0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root   38G   28G  9.7G   74% /
/dev/mapper/centos-home   19G  9.4G  8.8G   52% /home
/dev/sda1               1014M  241M  774M   24% /boot
tmpfs                    171M     0  171M    0% /run/user/0
/dev/md0                 2.0G  519M  1.4G   28% /md0
/dev/md1                 990M  2.6M  921M    1% /md1
/dev/md5                 2.0G  6.0M  1.9G    1% /md5
#模拟磁盘故障
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm /dev/md5 -f /dev/sdc7
mdadm: set /dev/sdc7 faulty in /dev/md5
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4]
md5 : active raid5 sdc8[4] sdc9[3] sdc7[1](F) sdc3[0] #“sdc7[1](F)”表示故障硬盘
      2093056 blocks super 1.2 level 5, 512k chunk, algorithm 2 [3/3] [UUU]

md1 : active raid1 sdc6[2] sdc5[1]
      1046528 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]

md0 : active raid0 sdc2[1] sdc1[0]
      2093056 blocks super 1.2 512k chunks

unused devices: <none>
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md5
/dev/md5:
           Version : 1.2
     Creation Time : Wed Dec 15 17:49:43 2021
        Raid Level : raid5
        Array Size : 2093056 (2044.00 MiB 2143.29 MB)
     Used Dev Size : 1046528 (1022.00 MiB 1071.64 MB)
      Raid Devices : 3
     Total Devices : 4
       Persistence : Superblock is persistent

       Update Time : Wed Dec 15 17:53:31 2021
             State : clean
    Active Devices : 3
   Working Devices : 3
    Failed Devices : 1
     Spare Devices : 0

            Layout : left-symmetric
        Chunk Size : 512K

Consistency Policy : resync

              Name : localhost.localdomain:5  (local to host localhost.localdomain)
              UUID : 98ee5458:62324bd1:d4ab0893:0d9b500f
            Events : 37

    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
       0       8       35        0      active sync   /dev/sdc3
       3       8       41        1      active sync   /dev/sdc9
       4       8       40        2      active sync   /dev/sdc8

       1       8       39        -      faulty   /dev/sdc7 #faulty不可用
       
#移除故障硬盘
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm /dev/md5 -r /dev/sdc7
mdadm: hot removed /dev/sdc7 from /dev/md5
#新增备用磁盘
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm /dev/md5 -a /dev/sdc7
mdadm: added /dev/sdc7
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md5
/dev/md5:
           Version : 1.2
     Creation Time : Wed Dec 15 17:49:43 2021
        Raid Level : raid5
        Array Size : 2093056 (2044.00 MiB 2143.29 MB)
     Used Dev Size : 1046528 (1022.00 MiB 1071.64 MB)
      Raid Devices : 3
     Total Devices : 4
       Persistence : Superblock is persistent

       Update Time : Wed Dec 15 17:56:00 2021
             State : clean
    Active Devices : 3
   Working Devices : 4
    Failed Devices : 0
     Spare Devices : 1

            Layout : left-symmetric
        Chunk Size : 512K

Consistency Policy : resync

              Name : localhost.localdomain:5  (local to host localhost.localdomain)
              UUID : 98ee5458:62324bd1:d4ab0893:0d9b500f
            Events : 39

    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
       0       8       35        0      active sync   /dev/sdc3
       3       8       41        1      active sync   /dev/sdc9
       4       8       40        2      active sync   /dev/sdc8

       5       8       39        -      spare   /dev/sdc7
[root@localhost ~]#

10.7保存raid信息

在cenos6中,重启系统后raid不能被识别到,7、8系统中不会出现这种状况。

#将mdadm -D --scan追加到mdadm.conf中
[root@localhost etc]# mdadm -D --scan >> /etc/mdadm.conf
[root@localhost etc]# cat /etc/mdadm.conf
ARRAY /dev/md0 metadata=1.2 name=localhost:0 UUID=a1536673:5a37944d:36875bb6:37f7702d
ARRAY /dev/md1 metadata=1.2 name=localhost:1 UUID=c6cf98ff:37e20871:0ec1b516:f1205180
ARRAY /dev/md5 metadata=1.2 spares=1 name=localhost:5 UUID=c6f79add:d5c768f3:f5f24f2c:bf6bdeef

10.8停止和启动raid

#停止raid:
#1.卸载raid
[root@localhost etc]# umount /md5
#2.使用命令--stop停止
[root@localhost etc]# mdadm --stop /dev/md5
mdadm: stopped /dev/md5
  • 以下截图中的sdb为sdc,raid5所包含的分区以上面内容为准。
    在这里插入图片描述
    在这里插入图片描述

10.9删除raid

在这里插入图片描述
在这里插入图片描述

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