Java学习之路11——网络编程

一、主要内容

1、网络编程中有两个主要问题
- 如何准确的定位到网络上的一台或者多台主机
- 找到主机之后如何进行通信
2、网络编程中的要素
- IP和端口号
- 网络通信协议 udp ,tcp
3、万物皆对象

二、IP

ip地址：InetAddress

• 唯一定位一台网络上计算机
• 127.0.0.1：本机localhost
• ip地址的分类
  • ipv4/ipv5
    • IPV4/ipv6
      • IPV4 127.0.0.1 4个字节组合，0-255，42亿：30亿在北美，亚洲4亿
• 域名：记忆IP问题

package com.jjl.Network;

import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;

public class TestInetAddress {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            //查询本机
            InetAddress inetAddress1=InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
            InetAddress inetAddress3=InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
            InetAddress inetAddress4=InetAddress.getLocalHost();
            System.out.println(inetAddress1);
            System.out.println(inetAddress3);
            System.out.println(inetAddress4);

            //查询网站ip
            InetAddress inetAddress2=InetAddress.getByName("www.baidu.com");
            System.out.println(inetAddress2);

            //常用方法
            System.out.println(inetAddress2.getAddress());
            System.out.println(inetAddress2.getCanonicalHostName());//规范名字（IP）
            System.out.println(inetAddress2.getHostAddress());//ip
            System.out.println(inetAddress2.getHostName());//域名
        } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }
}

三、端口

端口表示计算机上的一个程序的进程：

• 不同的进程有不同的端口号，用来区分软件

• 被规定0~65535

• TCP、UDP：65535*2 tcp：80，udp：80，单个协议下端口不能重复

• 端口分类

  • 公有端口0-1023
  • HTTP:80
  • HTTPS:443
  • FTP:21
  • TELENT:23
  • 程序注册端口：1024-49151，分配用户或者程序
    • Tomcat：8080
    • Mysql：3306
    • Oracle：1521
  • 动态、私有：49152~65535

  dos命令

  netstat -ano 查看所有的端口
  netstat -ano|findstr “8080” 查看指定的端口

四、协议

1、TCP UDP对比

TCP：

• 连接，稳定
• 三次握手（建立连接） 四次挥手（断开连接）
• 客户端、服务端
• 传输完成，释放连接，效率底

UDP

• 不连接，不稳定
• 客户端、服务端：没有明确的界限
• 不管有没有准备好，都可以发给你
• 导弹
• DDOS：洪水攻击

2、TCP

2.1 建立通信发送消息

服务端

package com.jjl.Network;

import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;

//服务端
public class TcpServerDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ServerSocket serverSocket=null;
        Socket socket=null;
        InputStream is=null;
        ByteArrayOutputStream baos=null;
        try {
            //创建一个地址
            serverSocket=new ServerSocket(9999);
            //2、等待客户端连接
            socket=serverSocket.accept();
            //3、读取客户端的消息
            is=socket.getInputStream();
            //管道流
            baos=new ByteArrayOutputStream();
            byte[] buffer=new byte[1024];
            int len;
            while ((len=is.read(buffer))!=-1){
                baos.write(buffer,0,len);
            }
            System.out.println(baos.toString());

        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (baos!=null){
                try {
                    baos.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    throw new RuntimeException(e);
                }
            }
            if (is!=null){
                try {
                    is.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    throw new RuntimeException(e);
                }
            }
            if (socket!=null){
                try {
                    socket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    throw new RuntimeException(e);
                }
            }
            if (serverSocket!=null){
                try {
                    serverSocket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    throw new RuntimeException(e);
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

客户端

package com.jjl.Network;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;

//客户端
public class TcpClientDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Socket socket=null;
        OutputStream os=null;
        //1.要知道服务器的地址，端口号
        try {
            InetAddress serverIP=InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
            int port=9999;
            //2、创建一个socket连接
            socket=new Socket(serverIP,port);
            //3.发信息IO流
            os = socket.getOutputStream();
            os.write("你好，欢迎学习Java".getBytes());
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            if (os!=null){
                try {
                    os.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    throw new RuntimeException(e);
                }
            }
            if (socket!=null){
                try {
                    socket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    throw new RuntimeException(e);
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

先启动服务端，再启动客户端

2.2 文件上传

服务器端

package com.jjl.Network;

import java.io.*;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;

public class TcpServerDemo02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        //1.创建服务
        ServerSocket serverSocket=new ServerSocket(9000);
        //2.监听客户端的连接
        Socket socket=serverSocket.accept();//堵塞式监听，会一直等待客户端连接
        //3.获取输入流
        InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();

        //4.文件输出
        FileOutputStream fos=new FileOutputStream(new File("E:\\study_file\\Java\\demo\\IOTest\\File.jpg"));
        byte[] buffer=new byte[1024];
        int len;
        while ((len= is.read(buffer))!=-1){
            fos.write(buffer,0,len);
        }
        //通知客户端我接受完毕
        OutputStream os=socket.getOutputStream();
        os.write("我接收完毕了，你可以断开了".getBytes());

        //关闭资源
        fos.close();
        is.close();
        socket.close();
        serverSocket.close();
    }
}

客户端

package com.jjl.Network;

import java.io.*;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;

public class TcpClientDemo02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //1.创建一个socket连接
        Socket socket=new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"),9000);
        //2.创建一个输出流
        OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
        //3.文件流
        FileInputStream fis=new FileInputStream(new File("E:\\study_file\\Java\\demo\\IOTest\\test.jpg"));
        //4.写出文件
        byte[] buffer=new byte[1024];
        int len;
        while ((len=fis.read(buffer))!=-1){
            os.write(buffer,0,len);
        }
        //通知服务器，我已经结束了
        socket.shutdownOutput();//已经传输完了

        //确定服务端接收完毕，才能断开连接
        InputStream inputStream= socket.getInputStream();
        ByteArrayOutputStream baos=new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        byte[] buffer2=new byte[2048];
        int len2;
        while ((len2=inputStream.read(buffer2))!=-1){
            baos.write(buffer2,0,len2);
        }
        System.out.println(baos.toString());
        //5.关闭资源
        baos.close();
        inputStream.close();
        fis.close();
        os.close();
        socket.close();
    }
}

五、Tomcat

服务端

• 自定义S
• Tomcat服务器 S ：java开发

客户端

• 自定义C
• 浏览器B

六、UDP

1、发信息，不用建立连接

接收端

package com.jjl.Network;

import javax.swing.plaf.synth.SynthOptionPaneUI;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;

//还是要等待客户端连接
public class UDPServerDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //1.开放端口
        DatagramSocket socket=new DatagramSocket(9090);
        //2.接收数据
        byte[] bytes=new byte[1024];
        DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(bytes,0,bytes.length);
        socket.receive(packet);//阻塞接收
        System.out.println(packet.getAddress().getHostAddress());
        System.out.println(new String(packet.getData(),0,packet.getLength()));
        //关闭连接
        socket.close();
    }
}

发送端

package com.jjl.Network;

import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;

public class UDPClientDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //1.建立一个Socket
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();
        //2.建个包
        String msg="你好啊，服务器！";
        //发送给谁
        InetAddress localhost= InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
        int port=9090;
        DatagramPacket packet=new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes(),0,msg.getBytes().length,localhost,port);

        //3.发送包
        socket.send(packet);
        //4.关闭流
        socket.close();
    }
}

2、单向循环发送消息

接收端

package com.jjl.Network.Chat;

import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;

public class UdpReceiveDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(6666);
        while (true){
            //准备接收包裹
            byte[] container=new byte[2048];
            DatagramPacket packet=new DatagramPacket(container,0,container.length);
            socket.receive(packet);//阻塞式接收包裹

            //byte[] data = packet.getData();
            String receveData = new String(packet.getData(),0,packet.getLength());
            System.out.println(receveData);
            //断开连接 bye
            if (receveData.equals("bye")){
                break;
            }
        }
        socket.close();

    }
}

发送端

package com.jjl.Network.Chat;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;

public class UdpSenderDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        DatagramSocket socket=new DatagramSocket(8080);
        //准备数据，控制台读取System.in
        BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));

        while (true){
            String data=reader.readLine();
            byte[] datas=data.getBytes();
            DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas,0,datas.length,new InetSocketAddress("localhost",6666));
            socket.send(packet);
            if(data.equals("bye")){
                break;
            }
        }
        socket.close();
    }
}

3、双向接收发送消息（多线程）

接受线程

package com.jjl.Network.Chat;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;

public class TallkRecevice implements Runnable{
    DatagramSocket socket=null;
    private int port;
    private String msgfrom;
    public TallkRecevice(int port,String msgfrom){
        this.msgfrom=msgfrom;
        this.port=port;
        try {
            socket=new DatagramSocket(port);
        } catch (SocketException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        //准备数据，控制台读取System.in
        BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));

        while (true){
            try {
                byte[] container=new byte[2048];
                DatagramPacket packet=new DatagramPacket(container,0,container.length);
                socket.receive(packet);//阻塞式接收包裹

                String receveData = new String(packet.getData(),0,packet.getLength());
                System.out.println(msgfrom+":"+receveData);
                //断开连接 bye
                if (receveData.equals("bye")){
                    break;
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            }
        }
        socket.close();
    }
}

发送线程

package com.jjl.Network.Chat;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;

public class TalkSend implements Runnable {
    DatagramSocket socket=null;
    BufferedReader reader=null;
    private int fromport;
    private String toIP;
    private int toPort;

    public TalkSend(int fromport, String toIP, int toPort) {
        this.fromport = fromport;
        this.toIP = toIP;
        this.toPort = toPort;
        try {
            socket=new DatagramSocket(fromport);
            reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
        } catch (SocketException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (true) {
            try {
                String data = reader.readLine();
                byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
                DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas, 0, datas.length, new InetSocketAddress(this.toIP, this.toPort));
                socket.send(packet);
                if (data.equals("bye")) {
                    break;
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            }
        }

    }
}

角色1，同时启动接收和发送的线程

package com.jjl.Network.Chat;

public class TalkTeacher {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Thread(new TalkSend(5555,"localhost",8888)).start();
        new Thread(new TallkRecevice(9999,"学生")).start();
    }
}

角色2，同时启动接收和发送的线程

package com.jjl.Network.Chat;

public class TalkStudent {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //开启两个线程
        new Thread(new TalkSend(7777,"localhost",9999)).start();
        new Thread(new TallkRecevice(8888,"老师")).start();
    }
}

七、URL

https://www.baidu.com/
同一资源定位符：定位互联网上的某个资源
DNS域名解析：https://www.baidu.com/ ——>IP地址

下载网络上的资源（图片，文件，音视频）

package com.jjl.Network.URL;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;

public class URLDown {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
        //1.下载地址
        URL url =new URL("https://m801.music.126.net/20220613170619/7463b287d9a21198f428fb0e9e3e2b53/jdyyaac/obj/w5rDlsOJwrLDjj7CmsOj/14957840870/437c/3da9/3026/9691b1df0d6973f5b0b65550940920d1.m4a");

        //2.连接到这个资源
        HttpURLConnection urlConnection= (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
        InputStream inputStream=urlConnection.getInputStream();
        FileOutputStream fos=new FileOutputStream("揉碎的夜光.m4a");
        byte[] buffer=new byte[1024];
        int len;
        while ((len=inputStream.read(buffer))!=-1){
            fos.write(buffer,0,len);//写入数据
        }
        fos.close();
        inputStream.close();
        urlConnection.disconnect();//断开连接
    }
}