一、系统动态扩容磁盘
| 系统 | 原磁盘大小 | 扩容大小 |
|---|---|---|
| centos7.5 | 20G | 18G |
本次实验为虚拟机，首先看看本机原来的磁盘大小
[root@123 ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 20G 0 disk #sda总容量为20G
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 19G 0 part
├─centos_123-root 253:0 0 17G 0 lvm /
└─centos_123-swap 253:1 0 2G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom
[root@123 ~]#
看到磁盘sda总容量为20G
接下来在虚拟机里面添加磁盘，容量为18G
新增完成后重启虚拟机再次查看磁盘大小
[root@123 ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 20G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 19G 0 part
├─centos_123-root 253:0 0 17G 0 lvm /
└─centos_123-swap 253:1 0 2G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdb 8:16 0 18G 0 disk
sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom
已经看到sdb有个18G的容量
接下来进行磁盘分区为sdb
[root@123 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
欢迎使用 fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2)。
更改将停留在内存中，直到您决定将更改写入磁盘。
使用写入命令前请三思。
Device does not contain a recognized partition table
使用磁盘标识符 0xbc621d21 创建新的 DOS 磁盘标签。
命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：n
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
分区号 (1-4，默认 1)：1
起始 扇区 (2048-37748735，默认为 2048)：
将使用默认值 2048
Last 扇区, +扇区 or +size{K,M,G} (2048-37748735，默认为 37748735)：
将使用默认值 37748735
分区 1 已设置为 Linux 类型，大小设为 18 GiB
命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
正在同步磁盘。
[root@123 ~]#
再次查看所有块设备信息，发现已经多出来一个sdb1的分区
[root@123 ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 20G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 19G 0 part
├─centos_123-root 253:0 0 17G 0 lvm /
└─centos_123-swap 253:1 0 2G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdb 8:16 0 18G 0 disk
└─sdb1 8:17 0 18G 0 part
sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom
格式分区，将/dev/sdb1分区格式化xfs格式
[root@123 ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb1
meta-data=/dev/sdb1 isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=1179584 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0, sparse=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=4718336, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
创建物理卷，将/dev/sdb1分区加入到pv(会要确认，直接输入y)
[root@123 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb1
WARNING: xfs signature detected on /dev/sdb1 at offset 0. Wipe it? [y/n]: y
Wiping xfs signature on /dev/sdb1.
Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created.
列出物理卷信息，查询是否创建物理卷成功
[root@123 ~]# pvs
PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree
/dev/sda2 centos_123 lvm2 a-- <19.00g 0
/dev/sdb1 lvm2 --- <18.00g <18.00g
[root@123 ~]#
动态扩展LVM卷组，通过向卷组中添加物理卷来增加卷组的容量
Vg卷组扩容,将物理卷/dev/sdb1 加入centos_123卷组中
[root@123 ~]# vgextend centos_123 /dev/sdb1
Volume group "centos_123" successfully extended
[root@123 ~]#
查询是否添加卷组成功
[root@123 ~]# vgs
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree
centos_123 2 2 0 wz--n- 36.99g <18.00g
[root@123 ~]#
扩容LVM
给逻辑卷/dev/centos_123-root添加18G的大小(这里是添加了17.9G，添加18G提示容量不够，多多少少有一点点差异)
[root@123 ~]# lvextend -L +17.9G /dev/centos_123/root
Rounding size to boundary between physical extents: 17.90 GiB.
Size of logical volume centos_123/root changed from <17.00 GiB (4351 extents) to <34.90 GiB (8934 extents).
Logical volume centos_123/root successfully resized.
[root@123 ~]#
查看是否已经扩容到centos_123-root（已经从最开始的17G扩容到34.9G了）
[root@123 ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 20G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 19G 0 part
├─centos_123-root 253:0 0 34.9G 0 lvm /
└─centos_123-swap 253:1 0 2G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdb 8:16 0 18G 0 disk
└─sdb1 8:17 0 18G 0 part
└─centos_123-root 253:0 0 34.9G 0 lvm /
sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom
再通过xfs_growfs自动扩展xfs文件系统到最大的可用大小
[root@123 ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/centos_123/root
meta-data=/dev/mapper/centos_123-root isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=1113856 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0 spinodes=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=4455424, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 4455424 to 9148416
最后，通过df -TH 或者lsblk可用查看到具体扩容后的信息
二、系统挂载未分配硬盘空间
| 系统 | 总磁盘容量 | 被分配容量 | 剩余磁盘容量 |
|---|---|---|---|
| centos7.5 | 100G | 42G | 58G |
- 先查看系统现容量
[root@test ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos_test-root 30G 1010M 29G 4% /
devtmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /dev
tmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 2.0G 12M 2.0G 1% /run
tmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda2 4.0G 130M 3.9G 4% /boot
tmpfs 394M 0 394M 0% /run/user/0
[root@test ~]#
加起来刚好42G
- 查看分区情况fdisk –l
[root@test ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectors #未分区空间所在位置
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000ae456
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 2048 6143 2048 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 * 6144 8394751 4194304 83 Linux
/dev/sda3 8394752 88102911 39854080 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/mapper/centos_test-root: 32.2 GB, 32212254720 bytes, 62914560 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/centos_test-swap: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes, 16777216 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
[root@test ~]#
- 增加分区
[root@test ~]# fdisk /dev/sda
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): n #n代表新建分区
Partition type:
p primary (3 primary, 0 extended, 1 free)
e extended
Select (default e): p #p代表主分区
Selected partition 4
First sector (88102912-209715199, default 88102912): #回车默认大小
Using default value 88102912
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (88102912-209715199, default 209715199): #回车默认大小
Using default value 209715199
Partition 4 of type Linux and of size 58 GiB is set
Command (m for help): t #t代表指定分区格式
Partition number (1-4, default 4): 4 #编号为4
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e #8e为分区格式为LVM
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'
Command (m for help): w #w代表保存
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.
- 最后再次查看(fdisk –l)，就能看到我们增加的分区了。
[root@test ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000ae456
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 2048 6143 2048 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 * 6144 8394751 4194304 83 Linux
/dev/sda3 8394752 88102911 39854080 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sda4 88102912 209715199 60806144 8e Linux LVM #这个就是新加的编号为4的
Disk /dev/mapper/centos_test-root: 32.2 GB, 32212254720 bytes, 62914560 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/centos_test-swap: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes, 16777216 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
[root@test ~]#
- 下一步，创建物理卷
[root@test ~]# pvcreate /dev/sda4
Physical volume "/dev/sda4" successfully created.
- 添加物理卷（/dev/sda4）到卷组（centos_test）
这里先用vgdisplay 命令查看卷组名
[root@test ~]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name centos_test #这个就是组名
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 3
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 2
Open LV 2
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size 38.00 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 9729
Alloc PE / Size 9728 / 38.00 GiB
Free PE / Size 1 / 4.00 MiB
VG UUID WTpQtt-DChr-BV23-C836-AlQe-tSXK-RJ1GfA
添加添加物理卷（/dev/sda4）到卷组（centos_test）
[root@test ~]# vgextend centos_test /dev/sda4
Volume group "centos_test" successfully extended
- 查看centos卷组的属性
[root@test ~]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name centos_test
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 2
Metadata Sequence No 4
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 2
Open LV 2
Max PV 0
Cur PV 2
Act PV 2
VG Size 95.99 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 24574
Alloc PE / Size 9728 / 38.00 GiB
Free PE / Size 14846 / 57.99 GiB #可以看到有58G的空闲空间可以扩展。
VG UUID WTpQtt-DChr-BV23-C836-AlQe-tSXK-RJ1GfA
[root@test ~]#
- 将空闲的空间都分配给root文件系统（/dev/mapper/centos_test-root路径用df -h查看）
[root@test ~]# lvextend -L +57.99G /dev/mapper/centos_test-root
Rounding size to boundary between physical extents: 57.99 GiB.
Size of logical volume centos_test/root changed from 30.00 GiB (7680 extents) to 87.99 GiB (22526 extents).
Logical volume centos_test/root successfully resized.
[root@test ~]#
- 对root文件系统执行扩容
[root@test ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/mapper/centos_test-root
meta-data=/dev/mapper/centos_test-root isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=1966080 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0 spinodes=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=7864320, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=3840, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 7864320 to 23066624
[root@test ~]#
- 查看扩容后文件系统的硬盘使用
[root@test ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos_test-root 88G 1011M 87G 2% / #已经加到88G了
devtmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /dev
tmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 2.0G 12M 2.0G 1% /run
tmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda2 4.0G 130M 3.9G 4% /boot
tmpfs 394M 0 394M 0% /run/user/0
[root@test ~]#
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