一、涉及
f
(
x
)
f(x)
f(x)的定理——预备定理
设
f
(
x
)
f(x)
f(x)在
[
a
,
b
]
[a,b]
[a,b]上连续,则:
(1)有界性定理:
∃
k
>
0
,
∀
x
∈
[
a
,
b
]
\exists k>0,\forall x\in[a,b]
∃k>0,∀x∈[a,b],使得
∣
f
(
x
)
∣
≤
k
|f(x)|\leq k
∣f(x)∣≤k
(2)最值定理:
m
≤
f
(
x
)
≤
M
m\leq f(x)\leq M
m≤f(x)≤M,其中
m
,
M
m,M
m,M分别为
f
(
x
)
f(x)
f(x)的最小值和最大值。
(3)介值定理:当
m
≤
μ
≤
M
m\leq \mu \leq M
m≤μ≤M时,
∃
ξ
∈
[
a
,
b
]
,
使
得
f
(
ξ
)
=
μ
\exists \xi\in[a,b],使得f(\xi)=\mu
∃ξ∈[a,b],使得f(ξ)=μ
(4)零点定理(研究方程根的存在性):当
f
(
a
)
f
(
b
)
<
0
f(a)f(b)<0
f(a)f(b)<0时,
∃
ξ
∈
(
a
,
b
)
\exists \xi\in(a,b)
∃ξ∈(a,b),使得
f
(
ξ
)
=
0
f(\xi)=0
f(ξ)=0
二、涉及
f
′
(
x
)
f'(x)
f′(x)的定理——主体定理
(1)费马定理:
设
f
(
x
)
在
x
=
x
0
设f(x)在x=x_0
设f(x)在x=x0处可导且取得极值,则
f
′
(
x
)
=
0
f'(x)=0
f′(x)=0
(2)罗尔定理:设
f
(
x
)
在
[
a
,
b
]
f(x)在[a,b]
f(x)在[a,b]上连续,
(
a
,
b
)
(a,b)
(a,b)上可导,且
f
(
a
)
=
f
(
b
)
,
则
∃
ξ
∈
(
a
,
b
)
,
使
得
f
′
(
ξ
)
=
0
f(a)=f(b),则\exists\xi\in(a,b),使得f'(\xi)=0
f(a)=f(b),则∃ξ∈(a,b),使得f′(ξ)=0
(3)拉格朗日中值定理:设
f
(
x
)
f(x)
f(x)在
[
a
,
b
]
[a,b]
[a,b]上连续,在
(
a
,
b
)
(a,b)
(a,b)上可导,则
∃
ξ
∈
(
a
,
b
)
\exists\xi\in(a,b)
∃ξ∈(a,b),使得
f
′
(
ξ
)
=
f
(
b
)
−
f
(
a
)
b
−
a
f'(\xi)=\displaystyle{{f(b)-f(a)}\over{b-a}}
f′(ξ)=b−af(b)−f(a)
(4)柯西中值定理:设
f
(
x
)
、
g
(
x
)
f(x)、g(x)
f(x)、g(x)满足在
[
a
,
b
]
[a,b]
[a,b]上连续,在
(
a
,
b
)
(a,b)
(a,b)上可导,
g
′
(
x
)
≠
0
g'(x)\neq 0
g′(x)̸=0,则存在
∃
ξ
∈
(
a
,
b
)
\exists\xi\in(a,b)
∃ξ∈(a,b),使得
f
′
(
ξ
)
g
′
(
ξ
)
=
f
(
b
)
−
f
(
a
)
g
(
b
)
−
g
(
a
)
\displaystyle{{f'(\xi)}\over{g'(\xi)}}={{f(b)-f(a)}\over{g(b)-g(a)}}
g′(ξ)f′(ξ)=g(b)−g(a)f(b)−f(a)
(5)泰勒定理
1、带拉氏余项的
n
n
n阶泰勒公式(证明题)
设
f
(
x
)
f(x)
f(x)在某领域内存在
n
+
1
n+1
n+1阶导数
f
(
x
)
=
f
(
x
0
)
+
f
′
(
x
0
)
(
x
−
x
0
)
+
f
′
′
(
x
0
)
2
!
(
x
−
x
0
)
2
+
⋯
+
f
n
(
x
0
)
n
!
(
x
−
x
0
)
n
+
f
n
+
1
(
ξ
)
(
n
+
1
)
!
(
x
−
x
0
)
n
+
1
f(x)=f(x_0)+f'(x_0)(x-x_0)+\displaystyle{{f''(x_0)}\over{2!}}(x-x_0)^2+\dots+{{f^{n}(x_0)}\over{n!}}(x-x_0)^n+{{f^{n+1}(\xi)}\over{(n+1)!}}(x-x_0)^{n+1}
f(x)=f(x0)+f′(x0)(x−x0)+2!f′′(x0)(x−x0)2+⋯+n!fn(x0)(x−x0)n+(n+1)!fn+1(ξ)(x−x0)n+1
2、带佩氏余项的泰勒公式(计算题)
设
f
(
x
)
f(x)
f(x)在
x
=
x
0
x=x_0
x=x0处
n
+
1
n+1
n+1阶可导
f
(
x
)
=
f
(
x
0
)
+
f
′
(
x
0
)
(
x
−
x
0
)
+
f
′
′
(
x
0
)
2
!
(
x
−
x
0
)
2
+
⋯
+
f
n
(
x
−
x
0
)
n
!
(
x
−
x
0
)
n
+
o
(
x
−
x
0
)
n
f(x)=f(x_0)+f'(x_0)(x-x_0)+\displaystyle{{f''(x_0)}\over{2!}}(x-x_0)^2+\dots+{{f^{n}(x-x_0)}\over{n!}}(x-x_0)^n+o(x-x_0)^n
f(x)=f(x0)+f′(x0)(x−x0)+2!f′′(x0)(x−x0)2+⋯+n!fn(x−x0)(x−x0)n+o(x−x0)n
当
x
0
=
0
x_0=0
x0=0时,为麦克劳林展式
三、题型
(1)涉及
f
(
x
)
f(x)
f(x)的问题
例1:
f
(
x
)
f(x)
f(x)在
[
0
,
2
]
[0,2]
[0,2]上连续,在
(
0
,
2
)
(0,2)
(0,2)内可导,
3
f
(
0
)
=
f
(
1
)
+
2
f
(
2
)
3f(0)=f(1)+2f(2)
3f(0)=f(1)+2f(2),证明:
∃
ξ
∈
(
0
,
2
)
,
f
′
(
ξ
)
=
0
\exists\xi\in(0,2),f'(\xi)=0
∃ξ∈(0,2),f′(ξ)=0
证明:
∵
f
(
x
)
\because f(x)
∵f(x)在
[
1
,
2
]
[1,2]
[1,2]上连续
∴
m
≤
f
(
x
)
≤
M
\therefore m\leq f(x)\leq M
∴m≤f(x)≤M
∴
m
≤
f
(
1
)
≤
M
,
m
≤
f
(
2
)
≤
M
\therefore m\leq f(1)\leq M,m\leq f(2)\leq M
∴m≤f(1)≤M,m≤f(2)≤M
∴
3
m
≤
f
(
1
)
+
2
f
(
2
)
≤
3
M
\therefore 3m\leq f(1)+2f(2)\leq 3M
∴3m≤f(1)+2f(2)≤3M
∴
∃
η
∈
[
1
,
2
]
\therefore \exists\eta\in[1,2]
∴∃η∈[1,2],有
f
(
η
)
=
f
(
0
)
+
2
f
(
2
)
3
=
f
(
0
)
f(\eta)=\displaystyle{{f(0)+2f(2)}\over{3}}=f(0)
f(η)=3f(0)+2f(2)=f(0)
由罗尔定理可得,
∃
ξ
∈
(
0
,
2
)
\exists\xi\in(0,2)
∃ξ∈(0,2),有
f
′
(
ξ
)
=
0
f'(\xi)=0
f′(ξ)=0
(2)涉及
f
′
(
x
)
f'(x)
f′(x)的问题
1、罗尔定理
难点:如何构造辅助函数;如何验证两端点值相等
(构造辅助函数的方法)求导公式逆用法:
f
′
(
ξ
)
+
g
(
ξ
)
f
(
ξ
)
=
0
f'(\xi)+g(\xi)f(\xi)=0
f′(ξ)+g(ξ)f(ξ)=0
⇒
f
′
(
x
)
+
g
(
x
)
f
(
x
)
=
0
\Rightarrow f'(x)+g(x)f(x)=0
⇒f′(x)+g(x)f(x)=0
⇒
e
∫
g
(
x
)
d
x
[
f
′
(
x
)
+
g
(
x
)
f
(
x
)
]
=
0
\Rightarrow e^{\int{g(x)}{\rm d}x}[f'(x)+g(x)f(x)]=0
⇒e∫g(x)dx[f′(x)+g(x)f(x)]=0
⇒
原
函
数
F
(
x
)
=
f
(
x
)
e
∫
g
(
x
)
d
x
\Rightarrow 原函数F(x)=f(x)e^{\int{g(x)}{\rm d}x}
⇒原函数F(x)=f(x)e∫g(x)dx
A、
f
′
′
(
ξ
)
+
g
(
ξ
)
f
′
(
ξ
)
=
0
⇒
F
(
x
)
=
f
′
(
x
)
e
∫
g
(
x
)
d
x
f''(\xi)+g(\xi)f'(\xi)=0\Rightarrow F(x)=f'(x)e^{\int{g(x)}{\rm d}x}
f′′(ξ)+g(ξ)f′(ξ)=0⇒F(x)=f′(x)e∫g(x)dx
B、
f
(
x
)
+
g
(
x
)
∫
0
x
f
(
t
)
d
t
=
0
⇒
F
(
x
)
=
e
∫
g
(
x
)
d
x
∫
0
x
f
(
t
)
d
t
f(x)+g(x)\int^x_0{f(t)}{\rm d}t=0\Rightarrow F(x)=e^{\int{g(x)}{\rm d}x}\int^x_0{f(t)}{\rm d}t
f(x)+g(x)∫0xf(t)dt=0⇒F(x)=e∫g(x)dx∫0xf(t)dt
C、
f
′
(
x
)
+
g
(
x
)
[
f
(
x
)
−
1
]
=
0
⇒
F
(
x
)
=
[
f
(
x
)
−
1
]
e
∫
g
(
x
)
d
x
f'(x)+g(x)[f(x)-1]=0\Rightarrow F(x)=[f(x)-1]e^{\int{g(x)}{\rm d}x}
f′(x)+g(x)[f(x)−1]=0⇒F(x)=[f(x)−1]e∫g(x)dx
例2:设函数
f
(
x
)
f(x)
f(x)在
[
2
,
4
]
[2,4]
[2,4]上连续,在
(
2
,
4
)
(2,4)
(2,4)上可导,且
f
(
2
)
=
∫
3
4
(
x
−
1
)
2
f
(
x
)
d
x
f(2)=\int^4_3{(x-1)^2f(x)}{\rm d}x
f(2)=∫34(x−1)2f(x)dx,证明:
∃
ξ
∈
(
2
,
4
)
\exists\xi\in(2,4)
∃ξ∈(2,4),使得
f
′
(
ξ
)
=
2
f
(
ξ
)
1
−
ξ
f'(\xi)=\displaystyle{{2f(\xi)}\over{1-\xi}}
f′(ξ)=1−ξ2f(ξ)
证明:
令
F
(
x
)
=
(
1
−
x
)
2
f
(
x
)
F(x)=(1-x)^2f(x)
F(x)=(1−x)2f(x),易知
f
(
2
)
=
F
(
2
)
f(2)=F(2)
f(2)=F(2)
由题可得,
f
(
2
)
=
∫
3
4
(
x
−
1
)
2
f
(
x
)
d
x
=
∫
3
4
F
(
x
)
d
x
=
F
(
2
)
f(2)=\int^4_3{(x-1)^2f(x)}{\rm d}x=\int^4_3{F(x)}{\rm d}x=F(2)
f(2)=∫34(x−1)2f(x)dx=∫34F(x)dx=F(2)
由积分中值定理可得,存在
η
∈
(
3
,
4
)
\eta\in(3,4)
η∈(3,4),使得
F
(
η
)
=
F
(
2
)
F(\eta)=F(2)
F(η)=F(2)
∴
∃
ξ
∈
(
2
,
η
)
\therefore\exists\xi\in(2,\eta)
∴∃ξ∈(2,η),使得
F
′
(
ξ
)
=
0
F'(\xi)=0
F′(ξ)=0
即
f
′
(
ξ
)
=
2
f
(
ξ
)
1
−
ξ
f'(\xi)=\displaystyle{{2f(\xi)}\over{1-\xi}}
f′(ξ)=1−ξ2f(ξ)
2、多次使用罗尔定理
难点:找到三个互不相同且函数值相等的点
(构造辅助函数的方法)积分还原法:
将欲证结论中的变量改为
x
x
x
⇒
\Rightarrow
⇒ 积分,令
c
=
0
c=0
c=0
⇒
\Rightarrow
⇒ 移项,使等式一端为0,另一端即为辅助函数
例3:设
f
(
x
)
f(x)
f(x)在
[
a
,
b
]
[a,b]
[a,b]上连续,在
(
a
,
b
)
(a,b)
(a,b)上可导,
f
′
′
(
x
)
≠
0
,
f
(
a
)
=
f
(
b
)
=
0
f''(x)\neq 0,f(a)=f(b)=0
f′′(x)̸=0,f(a)=f(b)=0,证明:
∀
x
∈
(
a
,
b
)
\forall x\in(a,b)
∀x∈(a,b),有
f
(
x
)
≠
0
f(x)\neq 0
f(x)̸=0
证明:
假设
∃
x
0
∈
(
a
,
b
)
\exists x_0\in(a,b)
∃x0∈(a,b),有
f
(
x
0
)
=
0
f(x_0)=0
f(x0)=0
∵
f
(
a
)
=
f
(
x
0
)
,
∴
∃
ξ
1
∈
(
a
,
x
0
)
\because f(a)=f(x_0),\therefore\exists\xi_1\in(a,x_0)
∵f(a)=f(x0),∴∃ξ1∈(a,x0),使得
f
′
(
ξ
1
)
=
0
f'(\xi_1)=0
f′(ξ1)=0
∵
f
(
b
)
=
f
(
x
0
)
,
∴
∃
ξ
2
∈
(
x
0
,
b
)
\because f(b)=f(x_0),\therefore\exists\xi_2\in(x_0,b)
∵f(b)=f(x0),∴∃ξ2∈(x0,b),使得
f
′
(
ξ
2
)
=
0
f'(\xi_2)=0
f′(ξ2)=0
同理可得
∃
ξ
∈
(
ξ
1
,
ξ
2
)
\exists\xi\in(\xi_1,\xi_2)
∃ξ∈(ξ1,ξ2),使得
f
′
′
(
ξ
)
=
0
f''(\xi)=0
f′′(ξ)=0,与题目条件矛盾,所以假设不成立
命题得证
3、拉氏定理的应用
A、给出高阶条件证明低阶不等式
例4:设
f
′
′
(
x
)
<
0
,
f
(
0
)
=
0
f''(x)<0,f(0)=0
f′′(x)<0,f(0)=0,证明:
∀
x
1
、
x
2
>
0
,
有
f
(
x
1
+
x
2
)
<
f
(
x
1
)
+
f
(
x
2
)
\forall x_1、x_2>0,有f(x_1+x_2)<f(x_1)+f(x_2)
∀x1、x2>0,有f(x1+x2)<f(x1)+f(x2)
证明:设
0
<
x
1
<
x
2
<
x
1
+
x
2
0<x_1<x_2<x_1+x_2
0<x1<x2<x1+x2
由拉格朗日中值定理可得,
∃
ξ
1
∈
(
x
2
,
x
1
+
x
2
)
\exists\xi_1\in(x_2,x_1+x_2)
∃ξ1∈(x2,x1+x2),使得
f
(
x
1
+
x
2
)
=
f
(
x
2
)
+
x
1
f
′
(
ξ
1
)
f(x_1+x_2)=f(x_2)+x_1f'(\xi_1)
f(x1+x2)=f(x2)+x1f′(ξ1)
∃
ξ
2
∈
(
0
,
x
1
)
\exists\xi_2\in(0,x_1)
∃ξ2∈(0,x1),使得
f
(
x
1
)
=
x
1
f
′
(
ξ
2
)
f(x_1)=x_1f'(\xi_2)
f(x1)=x1f′(ξ2)
∵
ξ
1
>
ξ
2
,
f
′
′
(
x
)
<
0
\because \xi_1>\xi_2,f''(x)<0
∵ξ1>ξ2,f′′(x)<0
∴
f
′
(
ξ
1
)
<
f
′
(
x
2
)
\therefore f'(\xi_1)<f'(x_2)
∴f′(ξ1)<f′(x2)
∴
f
(
x
1
+
x
2
)
=
f
(
x
2
)
+
x
1
f
(
ξ
1
)
<
f
(
x
2
)
+
x
1
f
(
ξ
2
)
=
f
(
x
2
)
+
f
(
x
1
)
\therefore f(x_1+x_2)=f(x_2)+x_1f(\xi_1)<f(x_2)+x_1f(\xi_2)=f(x_2)+f(x_1)
∴f(x1+x2)=f(x2)+x1f(ξ1)<f(x2)+x1f(ξ2)=f(x2)+f(x1)
即
f
(
x
1
+
x
2
)
<
f
(
x
1
)
+
f
(
x
2
)
f(x_1+x_2)<f(x_1)+f(x_2)
f(x1+x2)<f(x1)+f(x2)
B、给出低阶条件证明高阶不等式
例5:设
f
(
x
)
f(x)
f(x)三阶可导,且
f
(
2
)
>
f
(
1
)
,
f
(
2
)
>
∫
2
3
f
(
x
)
d
x
f(2)>f(1),f(2)>\int^3_2{f(x)}{\rm d}x
f(2)>f(1),f(2)>∫23f(x)dx,证明:
∃
ξ
∈
(
1
,
3
)
\exists\xi\in(1,3)
∃ξ∈(1,3),使得
f
′
′
(
ξ
)
<
0
f''(\xi)<0
f′′(ξ)<0
证明:
由积分中值定理可得
∃
η
∈
(
2
,
3
)
,
使
得
∫
2
3
f
(
x
)
d
x
=
f
(
η
)
\exists\eta\in(2,3),使得\int^3_2{f(x)}{\rm d}x=f(\eta)
∃η∈(2,3),使得∫23f(x)dx=f(η),则有
∃
ξ
1
∈
(
1
,
2
)
,
f
(
2
)
−
f
(
1
)
2
−
1
=
f
′
(
ξ
1
)
>
0
\exists\xi_1\in(1,2),\displaystyle{{f(2)-f(1)}\over{2-1}}=f'(\xi_1)>0
∃ξ1∈(1,2),2−1f(2)−f(1)=f′(ξ1)>0
∃
ξ
2
∈
(
2
,
η
)
,
f
(
η
)
−
f
(
2
)
η
−
2
=
f
′
(
ξ
2
)
<
0
\exists\xi_2\in(2,\eta),\displaystyle{{f(\eta)-f(2)}\over{\eta-2}}=f'(\xi_2)<0
∃ξ2∈(2,η),η−2f(η)−f(2)=f′(ξ2)<0
∴
∃
ξ
∈
(
ξ
1
,
ξ
2
)
,
使
得
f
′
′
(
ξ
)
=
0
\therefore\exists\xi\in(\xi_1,\xi_2),使得f''(\xi)=0
∴∃ξ∈(ξ1,ξ2),使得f′′(ξ)=0
C、具体化
f
(
x
)
f(x)
f(x),由
a
<
ξ
<
b
a<\xi<b
a<ξ<b推出相关不等式问题
例6:设
a
>
b
>
0
a>b>0
a>b>0,证明
a
−
b
a
<
l
n
a
b
<
a
−
b
b
\displaystyle{{a-b}\over{a}}<ln{{a}\over{b}}<{{a-b}\over{b}}
aa−b<lnba<ba−b
证明:
令
f
(
x
)
=
l
n
x
f(x)=lnx
f(x)=lnx,由拉格朗日中值定理可得,
∃
ξ
(
b
,
a
)
,
有
l
n
a
−
l
n
b
=
(
a
−
b
)
f
′
(
ξ
)
=
a
−
b
ξ
\exists\xi(b,a),有lna-lnb=(a-b)f'(\xi)=\displaystyle{{a-b}\over{\xi}}
∃ξ(b,a),有lna−lnb=(a−b)f′(ξ)=ξa−b
∴
1
a
<
1
ξ
<
1
b
\therefore\displaystyle{{1}\over{a}}<{{1}\over{\xi}}<{{1}\over{b}}
∴a1<ξ1<b1
⇒
a
−
b
a
<
a
−
b
ξ
<
a
−
b
b
\Rightarrow\displaystyle{{a-b}\over{a}}<{{a-b}\over{\xi}}<{{a-b}\over{b}}
⇒aa−b<ξa−b<ba−b
⇒
a
−
b
a
<
l
n
a
b
<
a
−
b
b
\Rightarrow\displaystyle{{a-b}\over{a}}<ln{{a}\over{b}}<{{a-b}\over{b}}
⇒aa−b<lnba<ba−b
D、将 f ( x ) f(x) f(x)复杂化 ⇒ \Rightarrow ⇒等式证明
(4)柯西中值定理的应用
例7:设
f
(
x
)
f(x)
f(x)在
[
a
,
b
]
[a,b]
[a,b]上可导,
f
+
′
(
a
)
f
−
′
(
b
)
<
0
f'_+(a)f'_-(b)<0
f+′(a)f−′(b)<0,证明:
∃
ξ
∈
(
a
,
b
)
,
使
得
f
′
(
ξ
)
=
0
\exists\xi\in(a,b),使得f'(\xi)=0
∃ξ∈(a,b),使得f′(ξ)=0
证明:
不妨设
f
+
′
(
a
)
>
0
,
f
−
′
(
b
)
<
0
f'_+(a)>0,f'_-(b)<0
f+′(a)>0,f−′(b)<0,则
f
+
′
(
a
)
=
lim
x
→
a
+
f
(
x
)
−
f
(
a
)
x
−
a
>
0
f'_+(a)=\lim_{x\rightarrow a^+}{{f(x)-f(a)}\over{x-a}}>0
f+′(a)=limx→a+x−af(x)−f(a)>0,根据保号性原则,
f
(
x
)
>
f
(
a
)
f(x)>f(a)
f(x)>f(a)
同理
f
(
x
)
<
f
(
b
)
f(x)<f(b)
f(x)<f(b),则
f
(
x
)
f(x)
f(x)必在
(
a
,
b
)
(a,b)
(a,b)上取得最大值,且该点亦为极大值点
∴
∃
ξ
∈
(
a
,
b
)
\therefore\exists\xi\in(a,b)
∴∃ξ∈(a,b),使得
f
′
(
ξ
)
=
0
f'(\xi)=0
f′(ξ)=0
(5)高阶导数的证明
1、证明
ξ
\xi
ξ为
f
n
−
1
(
x
)
f^{n-1}(x)
fn−1(x)的极值点(费马定理)
2、
f
n
−
1
(
x
)
=
0
f^{n-1}(x)=0
fn−1(x)=0的根的求解(罗尔定理)
3、泰勒展式
n
≥
2
n\geq 2
n≥2
例8:设
f
(
x
)
f(x)
f(x)在
[
0
,
1
]
[0,1]
[0,1]内三阶可导,且
f
(
0
)
=
f
(
1
)
=
0
f(0)=f(1)=0
f(0)=f(1)=0,又
F
(
x
)
=
x
3
f
(
x
)
F(x)=x^3f(x)
F(x)=x3f(x),证明:
∃
ξ
∈
(
0
,
1
)
,
使
得
F
′
′
′
(
ξ
)
=
0
\exists\xi\in(0,1),使得F'''(\xi)=0
∃ξ∈(0,1),使得F′′′(ξ)=0
证明:
F
(
x
)
=
F
(
0
)
+
F
′
(
0
)
x
+
F
′
′
(
0
)
2
!
x
2
+
F
′
′
′
(
0
)
3
!
x
3
F(x)=F(0)+F'(0)x+\displaystyle{{F''(0)}\over{2!}}x^2+{{F'''(0)}\over{3!}}x^3
F(x)=F(0)+F′(0)x+2!F′′(0)x2+3!F′′′(0)x3
F
(
0
)
=
0
F(0)=0
F(0)=0
F
′
(
x
)
=
3
x
2
f
(
x
)
+
x
3
f
′
(
x
)
,
F
′
(
0
)
=
0
F'(x)=3x^2f(x)+x^3f'(x),F'(0)=0
F′(x)=3x2f(x)+x3f′(x),F′(0)=0
F
′
′
(
x
)
=
6
x
f
(
x
)
+
3
x
2
f
′
(
x
)
+
3
x
2
f
′
(
x
)
+
x
3
f
′
′
(
x
)
,
F
′
′
(
x
)
=
0
F''(x)=6xf(x)+3x^2f'(x)+3x^2f'(x)+x^3f''(x),F''(x)=0
F′′(x)=6xf(x)+3x2f′(x)+3x2f′(x)+x3f′′(x),F′′(x)=0
∴
F
(
x
)
=
F
′
′
′
(
ξ
)
6
x
3
\therefore F(x)=\displaystyle{{F'''(\xi)}\over{6}}x^3
∴F(x)=6F′′′(ξ)x3
F
(
1
)
=
F
′
′
′
(
ξ
)
6
=
f
(
1
)
=
0
F(1)=\displaystyle{{F'''(\xi)}\over{6}}=f(1)=0
F(1)=6F′′′(ξ)=f(1)=0
解得
F
′
′
′
(
ξ
)
=
0
F'''(\xi)=0
F′′′(ξ)=0