在写之前,先了解下synchronized 和 lock
参考文献:https://www.jianshu.com/p/77813ba75d82
两者主要区别:
1、synchronize是java中的关键字,而Lock是接口,它下面有很多的实现类。
2、synchronize会自动释放锁,而lock需要‘手动’释放。
3、synchronize不知道线程有没有获取到锁,而lock能知道。
4、synchronize是非公平锁,而lock可以是公平锁,也可以是非公平锁。
5、synchronize等待不中断,而lock等待可中断。
6、synchronize可以锁对象、类、代码块,而lock锁住的是代码块。
使用synchronized实现:
public class A {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Data data = new Data();
new Thread(()->{
for (int i =0;i<10;i++){
try {
data.increment();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
},"A").start();
new Thread(()->{
for (int i =0;i<10;i++){
try {
data.decrement();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
},"B").start();
new Thread(()->{
for (int i =0;i<10;i++){
try {
data.increment();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
},"C").start();
new Thread(()->{
for (int i =0;i<10;i++){
try {
data.decrement();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
},"D").start();
}
}
// 判断等待,业务,通知
class Data{
private int number = 0;
public synchronized void increment() throws InterruptedException {
while (number !=0){//使用while判断,而不用if,是防止只判断一次(多个线程可能会造成虚假唤醒问题)
this.wait();//等待
}
number++;
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"=>"+number);
this.notifyAll();//唤醒其他线程
}
public synchronized void decrement() throws InterruptedException {
while (number==0){
this.wait();
}
number--;
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"=>"+number);
this.notifyAll();
}
}
使用Lock锁编写:
public class B {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Data2 data = new Data2();
new Thread(()->{
for (int i =0;i<10;i++){
try {
data.increment();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
},"A").start();
new Thread(()->{
for (int i =0;i<10;i++){
try {
data.decrement();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
},"B").start();
new Thread(()->{
for (int i =0;i<10;i++){
try {
data.increment();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
},"C").start();
new Thread(()->{
for (int i =0;i<10;i++){
try {
data.decrement();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
},"D").start();
}
}
// 判断等待,业务,通知
class Data2{
private int number = 0;
Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
Condition condition = lock.newCondition();
public void increment() throws InterruptedException {
lock.lock();
try {
//业务代码
while (number !=0){
condition.await();
}
number++;
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"=>"+number);
condition.signalAll();
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
public void decrement() throws InterruptedException {
lock.lock();
try {
while (number==0){
condition.await();
}
number--;
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"=>"+number);
condition.signalAll();
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
lock.unlock();
}
}
}
使用Condition 进行精准唤醒(额外内容):
public class C {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Data3 data = new Data3();
new Thread(()->{
for (int i =0;i<10;i++){
data.printA();
}
},"A").start();
new Thread(()->{
for (int i =0;i<10;i++){
data.printB();
}
},"B").start();
new Thread(()->{
for (int i =0;i<10;i++){
data.printC();
}
},"C").start();
}
}
class Data3{//资源类 Lock
private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
private Condition condition1 = lock.newCondition();
private Condition condition2 = lock.newCondition();
private Condition condition3 = lock.newCondition();
private int number = 1;
public void printA(){
lock.lock();
try{
while (number!=1){
condition1.await();
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"=>"+"A");
number = 2;
condition2.signal();
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
public void printB(){
lock.lock();
try{
while (number!=2){
condition2.await();
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"=>"+"B");
number = 3;
condition3.signal();
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
public void printC(){
lock.lock();
try{
while (number!=3){
condition3.await();
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"=>"+"C");
number = 1;
condition1.signal();
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
}