HttpClient

一、简介

由 apache 推出的实现使用 java 代码完成请求/响应的一套 API

1.1 实现效果

• 模拟浏览器发送请求及解析响应内容

1.2 常用类

• CloseableHttpClient :负责发送请求和接收响应.相当于 浏览器
• HttpPost: 请求对象,所有请求信息都放入到这个对象中
• HttpGet: get 方式的请求
• CloseableHttpResponse: 响应对象,所有响应信息放入到 这个类
• EntityUtils: 工具类,解析响应体

二、HttpClient实例代码

2.1 使用HttpClient执行get请求

	@Test
	public void doGet() throws Exception {
		//创建一个httpclient对象
		CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
		//创建一个GET对象
		HttpGet get = new HttpGet("http://www.sogou.com");
		//执行请求
		CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(get);
		//取响应的结果
		int statusCode = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
		System.out.println(statusCode);
		HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
		String string = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "utf-8");
		System.out.println(string);
		//关闭httpclient
		response.close();
		httpClient.close();
	}

2.2 执行get请求带参数

	@Test
	public void doGetWithParam() throws Exception{
		//创建一个httpclient对象
		CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
		//创建一个uri对象
		URIBuilder uriBuilder = new URIBuilder("http://www.sogou.com/web");
		uriBuilder.addParameter("query", "花千骨");
		HttpGet get = new HttpGet(uriBuilder.build());
		//执行请求
		CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(get);
		//取响应的结果
		int statusCode = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
		System.out.println(statusCode);
		HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
		String string = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "utf-8");
		System.out.println(string);
		//关闭httpclient
		response.close();
		httpClient.close();
	}

2.3 使用HttpClient执行post请求

	@Test
	public void doPost() throws Exception {
		CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
	
		//创建一个post对象
		HttpPost post = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8082/httpclient/post.html");
		//执行post请求
		CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(post);
		String string = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());
		System.out.println(string);
		response.close();
		httpClient.close();
		
	}

2.4 带参数post请求

	@Test
	public void doPostWithParam() throws Exception{
		CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
		
		//创建一个post对象
		HttpPost post = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8082/httpclient/post.html");
		//创建一个Entity。模拟一个表单
		List<NameValuePair> kvList = new ArrayList<>();
		kvList.add(new BasicNameValuePair("username", "zhangsan"));
		kvList.add(new BasicNameValuePair("password", "123"));
		
		//包装成一个Entity对象
		StringEntity entity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(kvList, "utf-8");
		//设置请求的内容
		post.setEntity(entity);
		
		//执行post请求
		CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(post);
		String string = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());
		System.out.println(string);
		response.close();
		httpClient.close();
	}

三、常用的封装HttpClient工具类

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URI;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.client.utils.URIBuilder;
import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;

public class HttpClientUtil {

	public static String doGet(String url, Map<String, String> param) {

		// 创建Httpclient对象
		CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();

		String resultString = "";
		CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
		try {
			// 创建uri
			URIBuilder builder = new URIBuilder(url);
			if (param != null) {
				for (String key : param.keySet()) {
					builder.addParameter(key, param.get(key));
				}
			}
			URI uri = builder.build();

			// 创建http GET请求
			HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(uri);

			// 执行请求
			response = httpclient.execute(httpGet);
			// 判断返回状态是否为200
			if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200) {
				resultString = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "UTF-8");
			}
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			try {
				if (response != null) {
					response.close();
				}
				httpclient.close();
			} catch (IOException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
		return resultString;
	}

	public static String doGet(String url) {
		return doGet(url, null);
	}

	public static String doPost(String url, Map<String, String> param) {
		// 创建Httpclient对象
		CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
		CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
		String resultString = "";
		try {
			// 创建Http Post请求
			HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
			// 创建参数列表
			if (param != null) {
				List<NameValuePair> paramList = new ArrayList<>();
				for (String key : param.keySet()) {
					paramList.add(new BasicNameValuePair(key, param.get(key)));
				}
				// 模拟表单
				UrlEncodedFormEntity entity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(paramList,"utf-8");
				httpPost.setEntity(entity);
			}
			// 执行http请求
			response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
			resultString = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "utf-8");
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			try {
				response.close();
			} catch (IOException e) {
				// TODO Auto-generated catch block
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}

		return resultString;
	}

	public static String doPost(String url) {
		return doPost(url, null);
	}
	
	public static String doPostJson(String url, String json) {
		// 创建Httpclient对象
		CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
		CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
		String resultString = "";
		try {
			// 创建Http Post请求
			HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
			// 创建请求内容
			StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(json, ContentType.APPLICATION_JSON);
			httpPost.setEntity(entity);
			// 执行http请求
			response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
			resultString = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "utf-8");
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			try {
				response.close();
			} catch (IOException e) {
				// TODO Auto-generated catch block
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}

		return resultString;
	}
}