https://ac.nowcoder.com/acm/contest/889/A
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
const int N = 1e5 + 5;
const int mod = 1e9;
typedef long long ll;
int n, m;
// given first m items init[0..m-1] and coefficents trans[0..m-1] or
// given first 2 *m items init[0..2m-1], it will compute trans[0..m-1]
// for you. trans[0..m] should be given as that
// init[m] = sum_{i=0}^{m-1} init[i] * trans[i]
struct LinearRecurrence {
using int64 = long long;
using vec = std::vector<int64>;
static void extand(vec &a, size_t d, int64 value = 0) {
if (d <= a.size()) return;
a.resize(d, value);
}
static vec BerlekampMassey(const vec &s, int64 mod) {
std::function<int64(int64)> inverse = [&](int64 a) {
return a == 1 ? 1 : (int64) (mod - mod / a) * inverse(mod % a) % mod;
};
vec A = {1}, B = {1};
int64 b = s[0];
for (size_t i = 1, m = 1; i < s.size(); ++i, m++) {
int64 d = 0;
for (size_t j = 0; j < A.size(); ++j) {
d += A[j] * s[i - j] % mod;
}
if (!(d %= mod)) continue;
if (2 * (A.size() - 1) <= i) {
auto temp = A;
extand(A, B.size() + m);
int64 coef = d * inverse(b) % mod;
for (size_t j = 0; j < B.size(); ++j) {
A[j + m] -= coef * B[j] % mod;
if (A[j + m] < 0) A[j + m] += mod;
}
B = temp, b = d, m = 0;
} else {
extand(A, B.size() + m);
int64 coef = d * inverse(b) % mod;
for (size_t j = 0; j < B.size(); ++j) {
A[j + m] -= coef * B[j] % mod;
if (A[j + m] < 0) A[j + m] += mod;
}
}
}
return A;
}
static void exgcd(int64 a, int64 b, int64 &g, int64 &x, int64 &y) {
if (!b) x = 1, y = 0, g = a;
else {
exgcd(b, a % b, g, y, x);
y -= x * (a / b);
}
}
static int64 crt(const vec &c, const vec &m) {
int n = c.size();
int64 M = 1, ans = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) M *= m[i];
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
int64 x, y, g, tm = M / m[i];
exgcd(tm, m[i], g, x, y);
ans = (ans + tm * x * c[i] % M) % M;
}
return (ans + M) % M;
}
static vec ReedsSloane(const vec &s, int64 mod) {
auto inverse = [](int64 a, int64 m) {
int64 d, x, y;
exgcd(a, m, d, x, y);
return d == 1 ? (x % m + m) % m : -1;
};
auto L = [](const vec &a, const vec &b) {
int da = (a.size() > 1 || (a.size() == 1 && a[0])) ? a.size() - 1 : -1000;
int db = (b.size() > 1 || (b.size() == 1 && b[0])) ? b.size() - 1 : -1000;
return std::max(da, db + 1);
};
auto prime_power = [&](const vec &s, int64 mod, int64 p, int64 e) {
// linear feedback shift register mod p^e, p is prime
std::vector<vec> a(e), b(e), an(e), bn(e), ao(e), bo(e);
vec t(e), u(e), r(e), to(e, 1), uo(e), pw(e + 1);;
pw[0] = 1;
for (int i = pw[0] = 1; i <= e; ++i) pw[i] = pw[i - 1] * p;
for (int64 i = 0; i < e; ++i) {
a[i] = {pw[i]}, an[i] = {pw[i]};
b[i] = {0}, bn[i] = {s[0] * pw[i] % mod};
t[i] = s[0] * pw[i] % mod;
if (t[i] == 0) {
t[i] = 1, u[i] = e;
} else {
for (u[i] = 0; t[i] % p == 0; t[i] /= p, ++u[i]);
}
}
for (size_t k = 1; k < s.size(); ++k) {
for (int g = 0; g < e; ++g) {
if (L(an[g], bn[g]) > L(a[g], b[g])) {
ao[g] = a[e - 1 - u[g]];
bo[g] = b[e - 1 - u[g]];
to[g] = t[e - 1 - u[g]];
uo[g] = u[e - 1 - u[g]];
r[g] = k - 1;
}
}
a = an, b = bn;
for (int o = 0; o < e; ++o) {
int64 d = 0;
for (size_t i = 0; i < a[o].size() && i <= k; ++i) {
d = (d + a[o][i] * s[k - i]) % mod;
}
if (d == 0) {
t[o] = 1, u[o] = e;
} else {
for (u[o] = 0, t[o] = d; t[o] % p == 0; t[o] /= p, ++u[o]);
int g = e - 1 - u[o];
if (L(a[g], b[g]) == 0) {
extand(bn[o], k + 1);
bn[o][k] = (bn[o][k] + d) % mod;
} else {
int64 coef = t[o] * inverse(to[g], mod) % mod * pw[u[o] - uo[g]] % mod;
int m = k - r[g];
extand(an[o], ao[g].size() + m);
extand(bn[o], bo[g].size() + m);
for (size_t i = 0; i < ao[g].size(); ++i) {
an[o][i + m] -= coef * ao[g][i] % mod;
if (an[o][i + m] < 0) an[o][i + m] += mod;
}
while (an[o].size() && an[o].back() == 0) an[o].pop_back();
for (size_t i = 0; i < bo[g].size(); ++i) {
bn[o][i + m] -= coef * bo[g][i] % mod;
if (bn[o][i + m] < 0) bn[o][i + m] -= mod;
}
while (bn[o].size() && bn[o].back() == 0) bn[o].pop_back();
}
}
}
}
return std::make_pair(an[0], bn[0]);
};
std::vector<std::tuple<int64, int64, int>> fac;
for (int64 i = 2; i * i <= mod; ++i)
if (mod % i == 0) {
int64 cnt = 0, pw = 1;
while (mod % i == 0) mod /= i, ++cnt, pw *= i;
fac.emplace_back(pw, i, cnt);
}
if (mod > 1) fac.emplace_back(mod, mod, 1);
std::vector<vec> as;
size_t n = 0;
for (auto &&x: fac) {
int64 mod, p, e;
vec a, b;
std::tie(mod, p, e) = x;
auto ss = s;
for (auto &&x: ss) x %= mod;
std::tie(a, b) = prime_power(ss, mod, p, e);
as.emplace_back(a);
n = std::max(n, a.size());
}
vec a(n), c(as.size()), m(as.size());
for (size_t i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
for (size_t j = 0; j < as.size(); ++j) {
m[j] = std::get<0>(fac[j]);
c[j] = i < as[j].size() ? as[j][i] : 0;
}
a[i] = crt(c, m);
}
return a;
}
LinearRecurrence(const vec &s, const vec &c, int64 mod) :
init(s), trans(c), mod(mod), m(s.size()) {}
LinearRecurrence(const vec &s, int64 mod, bool is_prime = true) : mod(mod) {
vec A;
if (is_prime) A = BerlekampMassey(s, mod);
else A = ReedsSloane(s, mod);
if (A.empty()) A = {0};
m = A.size() - 1;
trans.resize(m);
for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) {
trans[i] = (mod - A[i + 1]) % mod;
}
std::reverse(trans.begin(), trans.end());
init = {s.begin(), s.begin() + m};
}
int64 calc(int64 n) {
if (mod == 1) return 0;
if (n < m) return init[n];
vec v(m), u(m << 1);
int msk = !!n;
for (int64 m = n; m > 1; m >>= 1) msk <<= 1;
v[0] = 1 % mod;
for (int x = 0; msk; msk >>= 1, x <<= 1) {
std::fill_n(u.begin(), m * 2, 0);
x |= !!(n & msk);
if (x < m) u[x] = 1 % mod;
else {// can be optimized by fft/ntt
for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) {
for (int j = 0, t = i + (x & 1); j < m; ++j, ++t) {
u[t] = (u[t] + v[i] * v[j]) % mod;
}
}
for (int i = m * 2 - 1; i >= m; --i) {
for (int j = 0, t = i - m; j < m; ++j, ++t) {
u[t] = (u[t] + trans[j] * u[i]) % mod;
}
}
}
v = {u.begin(), u.begin() + m};
}
int64 ret = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) {
ret = (ret + v[i] * init[i]) % mod;
}
return ret;
}
vec init, trans;
int64 mod;
int m;
};
ll f[25005];
ll powmod(ll a, ll b, ll P) {
ll t = 1;
for (; b; b >>= 1, a = a * a % P)
if (b & 1) t = t * a % P;
return t;
}
int main() {
scanf("%d%d", &n, &m);
f[0] = 0;
f[1] = 1;
for (int i = 2; i <= 25000; i++) {
f[i] = (f[i - 1] + f[i - 2]) % mod;
}
vector<ll> v;
ll S = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < 50; i++) {
S = (S + powmod(f[i], m, mod)) % mod;
v.push_back(S);
}
LinearRecurrence solver(v, mod, false);
printf("%lld\n", solver.calc(n));
return 0;
}