SpringBoot使用多数据源时怎么解决事务不生效问题

在使用多数据源时，如果不进行特殊处理，可能会出现事务不生效的问题。这是因为 Spring Boot 默认只会为一个数据源创建一个事务管理器，如果要使用多个数据源，就需要为每个数据源创建一个事务管理器，并在需要使用事务的方法或类上指定使用哪个事务管理器。

 以下是解决事务不生效问题的具体步骤：

1. 在配置文件中配置多个数据源和相应的事务管理器，例如：

spring:
  datasource:
    primary:
      url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db1
      username: root
      password: root
    secondary:
      url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db2
      username: root
      password: root
  jpa:
    hibernate:
      ddl-auto: update
    show-sql: true

# 配置事务管理器
spring.datasource.primary.type=com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
spring.datasource.primary.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
spring.datasource.primary.filters=stat,wall,log4j
spring.datasource.primary.maxActive=20
spring.datasource.primary.initialSize=1
spring.datasource.primary.maxWait=60000
spring.datasource.primary.minIdle=1
spring.datasource.primary.timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis=60000
spring.datasource.primary.minEvictableIdleTimeMillis=300000
spring.datasource.primary.validationQuery=SELECT 1 FROM DUAL
spring.datasource.primary.testWhileIdle=true
spring.datasource.primary.testOnBorrow=false
spring.datasource.primary.testOnReturn=false
spring.datasource.primary.poolPreparedStatements=true
spring.datasource.primary.maxOpenPreparedStatements=20
spring.datasource.primary.filters=stat,wall,log4j
spring.datasource.primary.connectionProperties=druid.stat.mergeSql=true;druid.stat.slowSqlMillis=5000

spring.datasource.secondary.type=com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
spring.datasource.secondary.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
spring.datasource.secondary.filters=stat,wall,log4j
spring.datasource.secondary.maxActive=20
spring.datasource.secondary.initialSize=1
spring.datasource.secondary.maxWait=60000
spring.datasource.secondary.minIdle=1
spring.datasource.secondary.timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis=60000
spring.datasource.secondary.minEvictableIdleTimeMillis=300000
spring.datasource.secondary.validationQuery=SELECT 1 FROM DUAL
spring.datasource.secondary.testWhileIdle=true
spring.datasource.secondary.testOnBorrow=false
spring.datasource.secondary.testOnReturn=false
spring.datasource.secondary.poolPreparedStatements=true
spring.datasource.secondary.maxOpenPreparedStatements=20
spring.datasource.secondary.filters=stat,wall,log4j
spring.datasource.secondary.connectionProperties=druid.stat.mergeSql=true;druid.stat.slowSqlMillis=5000

# 配置事务管理器
spring.datasource.primary.transaction-manager-name=primaryTransactionManager
spring.datasource.secondary.transaction-manager-name=secondaryTransactionManager

2. 创建多个事务管理器的 Bean，例如

@Configuration
@EnableTransactionManagement
public class DataSourceConfig {
    @Bean(name = "primaryTransactionManager")
    public PlatformTransactionManager primaryTransactionManager(@Qualifier("primaryDataSource") DataSource primaryDataSource) {
        return new DataSourceTransactionManager(primaryDataSource);
    }

    @Bean(name = "secondaryTransactionManager")
    public PlatformTransactionManager secondaryTransactionManager(@Qualifier("secondaryDataSource") DataSource secondaryDataSource) {
        return new DataSourceTransactionManager(secondaryDataSource);
    }
}

3. 在需要使用事务的方法或类上使用 @Transactional 注解，并指定使用哪个事务管理器，例如：

@Service
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {

    @Autowired
    @Qualifier("primaryTransactionManager")
    private PlatformTransactionManager primaryTransactionManager;

    @Autowired
    @Qualifier("secondaryTransactionManager")
    private PlatformTransactionManager secondaryTransactionManager;

    @Autowired
    @Qualifier("primaryDataSource")
    private DataSource primaryDataSource;

    @Autowired
    @Qualifier("secondaryDataSource")
    private DataSource secondaryDataSource;

    @Override
    @Transactional(transactionManager = "primaryTransactionManager")
    public void addUserToPrimary(User user) {
        // 使用 primaryDataSource 数据源进行操作
    }

    @Override
    @Transactional(transactionManager = "secondaryTransactionManager")
    public void addUserToSecondary(User user) {
        // 使用 secondaryDataSource 数据源进行操作
    }
}