Hibernate入门

Hibernate简介

Hibernate是一个基于jdbc的开源的持久化框架，是一个优秀的ORM实现，它很大程度的简化了dao层编码工作。Hibernate对JDBC访问数据库的代码做了封装，大大简化了数据访问层繁琐的重复性代码。
在分层结构中处于持久化层，封装对数据库的访问细节，使业务逻辑层更专注于实现业务逻辑。

优势：跨数据库的无缝移植

案例

新建maven工程

配置pom.xml

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>com.li</groupId>
  <artifactId>hibernate</artifactId>
  <packaging>war</packaging>
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <name>hibernate Maven Webapp</name>
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
  
  <properties>
		<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
		<maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
		<maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
		<junit.version>4.12</junit.version>
		<servlet.version>4.0.0</servlet.version>
		<hibernate.version>5.3.0.Final</hibernate.version>
		<mysql.driver.version>5.1.46</mysql.driver.version>
	</properties>
  
  
  <dependencies>
   		<dependency>
			<groupId>junit</groupId>
			<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
			<version>${junit.version}</version>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
			<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
			<version>${servlet.version}</version>
			<scope>provided</scope>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
			<artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
			<version>${hibernate.version}</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>mysql</groupId>
			<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
			<version>${mysql.driver.version}</version>
		</dependency>
		
  </dependencies>
  <build>
    <finalName>hibernate</finalName>
    
		<plugins>
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
				<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
				<version>3.7.0</version>
				<configuration>
					<source>${maven.compiler.source}</source>
					<target>${maven.compiler.target}</target>
					<encoding>${project.build.sourceEncoding}</encoding>
				</configuration>
			</plugin>
		</plugins>
    
    
  </build>
</project>

注意：不要一次性全copy进去，maven下载速度不是很快，太多容易导致jar包下载不完整

写配置文件
在resources文件夹下新建hibernate.cfg.xml内容如下

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
	"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
	"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
	
<hibernate-configuration>
	<session-factory>
		<!-- 1. 数据库相关 -->
		<property name="connection.username">root</property>
		<property name="connection.password">123</property>
		<property name="connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/xm?useUnicode=true&amp;characterEncoding=UTF-8
		</property>
		<property name="connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
		<property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>

		<!-- 配置本地事务（No CurrentSessionContext configured!） -->
		<property name="hibernate.current_session_context_class">thread</property>

		<!-- 2. 调试相关 -->
		<property name="show_sql">true</property>
		<property name="format_sql">true</property>

		<!-- 3. 添加实体映射文件 -->
		<mapping resource="com/li/one/entity/User.hbm.xml"/>
		
	</session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>

实体类对象
User.java

package com.li.one.entity;

public class User {
	private int uid;
	private String uname;
	private String upwd;
	private String uzt;
	public int getUid() {
		return uid;
	}
	public void setUid(int uid) {
		this.uid = uid;
	}
	public String getUname() {
		return uname;
	}
	public void setUname(String uname) {
		this.uname = uname;
	}
	public String getUpwd() {
		return upwd;
	}
	public void setUpwd(String upwd) {
		this.upwd = upwd;
	}
	public String getUzt() {
		return uzt;
	}
	public void setUzt(String uzt) {
		this.uzt = uzt;
	}
	public User(int uid, String uname, String upwd, String uzt) {
		super();
		this.uid = uid;
		this.uname = uname;
		this.upwd = upwd;
		this.uzt = uzt;
	}
	public User() {
		super();
	}
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "User [uid=" + uid + ", uname=" + uname + ", upwd=" + upwd + ", uzt=" + uzt + "]";
	}
	
}

实体类对象对应的配置文件User.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC 
    "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
    "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
<!-- 
	class标签：
		name:对应的是需要映射的实体类全路径名
		table:实体类对应的数据库中的表
	
	id标签： 配置的是表中的主键
		name： 对应的是实体类属性名
		type:指的是实体类数据类型
		column:数据库对应的列段
	
	property：配置出去主键以外列段对应的类属性映射关系
		name： 对应的是实体类属性名
		type:指的是实体类数据类型
		column:数据库对应的列段
		 insert="false" update="false" 
		 上面的表示的含义是，该列段或者说该属性只做查询使用，不做更新
 -->
	<class name="com.li.one.entity.User" table="t_user">
		<id name="uid" type="java.lang.Integer" column="uid">
			<generator class="increment" />
		</id>
		<property name="uname" type="java.lang.String" column="uname">
		</property>
		<property name="upwd" type="java.lang.String" column="upwd">
		</property>
		<property name="uzt" type="java.lang.String" column="uzt">
		</property>




		<!-- <property name="sex" type="java.lang.String" column="sex">
		</property>
		<property name="birthday" type="java.sql.Date" column="birthday">
		</property>
		<property insert="false" update="false" name="createDatetime"
			type="java.sql.Timestamp" column="create_datetime">
		</property>
		<property name="remark" type="java.lang.String" column="remark">
		</property> -->
	</class>

</hibernate-mapping>

查询

package com.li.one.demo;

import java.util.List;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;

/**
 * hibernate查询演示
 * 
 * @author Dragon
 *
 */
public class QueryDemo {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Configuration configure = new Configuration().configure("/hibernate.cfg.xml");
		SessionFactory sessionFactory = configure.buildSessionFactory();
//		这里的会话指的是操作数据库的链接
		Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
		List list = session.createQuery("from User").list();
		for (Object obj : list) {
			System.out.println(obj);
		}
		session.close();
	}
	
}

增加

package com.li.one.demo;

import java.util.List;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;

import com.li.one.entity.User;

/**
 * hibernate新增演示
 * 
 * @author Dragon
 *
 */
public class InsertDemo {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Configuration configure = new Configuration().configure("/hibernate.cfg.xml");
		SessionFactory sessionFactory = configure.buildSessionFactory();
//		这里的会话指的是操作数据库的链接
		Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		
		session.save(new User(0, "沙雕一号", "123", "1"));
		
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
	}
	
}

修改

package com.li.one.demo;

import java.util.List;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;

import com.li.one.entity.User;

/**
 * hibernate修改演示
 * 
 * 先查再改 局部修改
 * @author Dragon
 *
 */
public class UpdateDemo {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Configuration configure = new Configuration().configure("/hibernate.cfg.xml");
		SessionFactory sessionFactory = configure.buildSessionFactory();
//		这里的会话指的是操作数据库的链接
		Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		
//		session.save(new User(0, "沙雕一号", "123", "1"));
//		User u = new User(0, "沙雕一号", "123", "1");
//		u.setUname("afdfa");//未通过hibernate管理不会影响数据
		
		User user = session.get(User.class, 5);
		user.setUname("沙雕二号");
		System.out.println(user);
		
		//提交事务
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
//		user.setUname("沙雕二号");//此时user已处于游离状态，不会影响数据库
	}
	
}

删除

package com.li.one.demo;

import java.util.List;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;

import com.li.one.entity.User;

/**
 * hibernate删除演示
 * 
 * @author Dragon
 *
 */
public class DeleteDemo {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Configuration configure = new Configuration().configure("/hibernate.cfg.xml");
		SessionFactory sessionFactory = configure.buildSessionFactory();
//		这里的会话指的是操作数据库的链接
		Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		
		User user = new User();
		user.setUid(5);
		session.delete(user);
		
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
	}
	
}

hibernate管理对象的三种状态

先看图：

修改user这个实体类的uname列段后数据库也会相应发生变化。就是因为通过session.get(User.class, 3);获取的对象状态是持久状态，持久状态在Hibernate的监视之下。能够同步改变数据库中的数据；
通过session.close();关闭之后user就会处于游离状态此时就不会影响数据库数据；