【Java (一：12-2) 反射】

一、反射

1.反射的概念

灵活调用

2.获取class对象

public class Student {
  private String name;
  private int age;

    public Student() {
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
    public  void  study(){
        System.out.println("学生正在学习");
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }
}


/**
 * 获取class对象的三种方式
 *
 */

public class ReflectDemo1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException {
        //1.Class类中的静态方法forName("全类名")
        //全类名：包名+类名
        Class cl1= Class.forName("com.jou.MyReflectDemo.Student");
        System.out.println(cl1);

        //2.通过class属性来获取
        Class cl2=Student.class;
        System.out.println(cl2);

        //3.利用对象的getClass对象获取class对象
        //getClass方法定义再Object类中
        Student stu=new Student();
        Class<? extends Student> cl3 = stu.getClass();
        System.out.println(cl3);

        System.out.println(cl1==cl2);
        System.out.println(cl2==cl3);


    }
}

3. 获取Constructor对象

public class Student {
    private String name;
    private int age;

    //私有的有参构造
    private Student(String name) {
        System.out.println("name的值为:"+name);
        System.out.println("private ..Student.. 有参构造方法");
    }
    //公共的无参构造方法
    public Student() {
        System.out.println("public ..Student.. 无参构造方法");
    }
    //公共的有参构造方法
    public Student(String name, int age) {
        System.out.println("name的值为:"+name+"age的值为:"+age);
        System.out.println("public ..Student.. 有参构造方法");
    }
}

import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;

/**
 * 获取Constructor对象
 */

public class ReflectDemo1 {


    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchMethodException {
        //ctrl+alt+m抽取成一个方法
         //method1();
         //method2();
        //method3();
         //method4();


    }

    private static void method4() throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchMethodException {
        //1.获取class对象
        Class<?> aClass = Class.forName("com.jou.MyReflectDemo.Student");
        //getDeclaredConstructor    获得private的对象
        Constructor<?> declaredConstructor = aClass.getDeclaredConstructor(String.class);
        System.out.println(declaredConstructor);

        /*** output:
         * private com.jou.MyReflectDemo.Student(java.lang.String)
         */

    }

    private static void method3() throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchMethodException {
        //1.获取class对象
        Class<?> aClass = Class.forName("com.jou.MyReflectDemo.Student");
        //2.括号中，与构造方法形参保持一致  获得指定的对象
        //空参
        Constructor<?> constructor1 = aClass.getConstructor();
        System.out.println(constructor1);
        //含参
        Constructor<?> constructor2 = aClass.getConstructor(String.class,int.class);
        System.out.println(constructor2);

        /*** output
         * public com.jou.MyReflectDemo.Student()
         * public com.jou.MyReflectDemo.Student(java.lang.String,int)
         */

    }

    private static void method2() throws ClassNotFoundException {
        //1.获取class对象
        Class<?> aClass = Class.forName("com.jou.MyReflectDemo.Student");
        //2.getDeclaredConstructors()  返回所有构造方法对象的数组  public and private
        Constructor<?>[] declaredConstructors = aClass.getDeclaredConstructors();
        for (Constructor<?> declaredConstructor : declaredConstructors) {
            System.out.println(declaredConstructor);
        }

        /***output:
         * private com.jou.MyReflectDemo.Student(java.lang.String)
         * public com.jou.MyReflectDemo.Student()
         * public com.jou.MyReflectDemo.Student(java.lang.String,int)
         */
    }

    private static void method1() throws ClassNotFoundException {
        //1.获取class对象
        Class<?> aClass = Class.forName("com.jou.MyReflectDemo.Student");
        //2.getConstructors()  返回所有**公共**构造方法对象的数组  public修饰的
        Constructor<?>[] constructors = aClass.getConstructors();
        for (Constructor<?> constructor : constructors) {
            System.out.println(constructor);
        }

        /***output:
         * public com.jou.MyReflectDemo.Student()
         * public com.jou.MyReflectDemo.Student(java.lang.String,int)
         */

    }

4. 利用Constructor创建对象

import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;

/**
 * 利用Constructor创建对象
 */
public  class ReflectDemo2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException {
        // method1();
        // method2();
        // method3();
        // method4();

    }

    private static void method4() throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchMethodException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException {
        //获取一个私有的构造方法并创建对象
        //1.获取Class对象
        Class<?> aClass = Class.forName("com.jou.MyReflectDemo.Student");
        //2.获取一个私有化的构造方法
        Constructor<?> constructor = aClass.getDeclaredConstructor(String.class);

        //被private修饰的成员不能被直接使用，如果要使用反射强行获取并使用，需要临时取消访问检查
        constructor.setAccessible(true);

        //3.创建对象
        Student student = (Student) constructor.newInstance("zhangsan");
        System.out.println(student);
    }

    private static void method3() throws ClassNotFoundException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException {
        //简写格式
        //1.获取Class对象
        Class<?> aClass = Class.forName("com.jou.MyReflectDemo.Student");
        //2.Class类中newInstance方法，可以利用空参直接创建对象
        Student student = (Student) aClass.newInstance();
        System.out.println(student);
    }

    private static void method2() throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchMethodException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException {
        //1.获取Class对象
        Class<?> aClass = Class.forName("com.jou.MyReflectDemo.Student");
        //2.获取构造方法对象
        Constructor<?> constructor = aClass.getConstructor();
        Student student = (Student) constructor.newInstance();
        System.out.println(student);
    }

    private static void method1() throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchMethodException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException {
        //1.获取Class对象
        Class<?> aClass = Class.forName("com.jou.MyReflectDemo.Student");
        //2.获取构造方法对象
        Constructor<?> constructor = aClass.getConstructor(String.class, int.class);
        //3.利用   创建Student对象
        Student zhangsan = (Student) constructor.newInstance("zhangsan", 18);
        System.out.println(zhangsan);
    }

5.反射获取构造方法流程

6.反射获取成员方法流程

7.反射获取成员对象

import java.lang.reflect.Field;

/**
 * 获取Field对象
 */

public class ReflectDemo1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchFieldException {
        //method1();
        //method2();
        //method3();
       

    }
        private static void method4() throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchFieldException {
       //1.获取class对象
        Class<?> aClass = Class.forName("com.jou.MyReflectDemo.Student");
        //getField()  返回**单个成员变量对象**  private and public都可以
        Field money = aClass.getDeclaredField("money");
        System.out.println(money);

        /*** output:
         * private int com.jou.MyReflectDemo.Student.money
         */}

    private static void method3() throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchFieldException {
        //1.获取class对象
        Class<?> aClass = Class.forName("com.jou.MyReflectDemo.Student");
        //getField()  返回**单个公共(public)成员变量**   public
        Field name = aClass.getField("name");
        System.out.println(name);

        /*** output:
         * public java.lang.String com.jou.MyReflectDemo.Student.name
         */}

    private static void method2() throws ClassNotFoundException {
        //1.获取class对象
        Class<?> aClass = Class.forName("com.jou.MyReflectDemo.Student");
        //Field[]  getDeclaredFields()  返回**所有成员**变量对象的数组  public and private
        Field[] declaredFields = aClass.getDeclaredFields();

        for (Field declaredField : declaredFields) {
            System.out.println(declaredField);
        }
        /** output:
         * public java.lang.String com.jou.MyReflectDemo.Student.name
         * public int com.jou.MyReflectDemo.Student.age
         * public java.lang.String com.jou.MyReflectDemo.Student.gender
         * private int com.jou.MyReflectDemo.Student.money
         */}

    private static void method1() throws ClassNotFoundException {
        //1.获取class对象
        Class<?> aClass = Class.forName("com.jou.MyReflectDemo.Student");
        //Field[] getFields() 返回所有公共成员变量对象的数组  **public修饰的变量**
        Field[] fields = aClass.getFields();
        for (Field field : fields) {
            System.out.println(field);
        }
        /** output:
         * public java.lang.String com.jou.MyReflectDemo.Student.name
         * public int com.jou.MyReflectDemo.Student.age
         * public java.lang.String com.jou.MyReflectDemo.Student.gender
         */
    }
}

8.利用Field赋值和获取值

import java.lang.reflect.Field;

/***
 * 利用Field对象，获取值或修改值
 */

public class ReflectDemo1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws NoSuchFieldException, ClassNotFoundException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException {

        //method1();
        //method2();



    }

    private static void method2() throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchFieldException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException {
        //1.获取class对象
        Class<?> aClass = Class.forName("com.jou.MyReflectDemo.Student");
        //2.获取name这个Field对象
        Field field = aClass.getDeclaredField("money");
        field.setAccessible(true);

        Student student = (Student) aClass.newInstance();
        Object o = field.get(student);
        System.out.println(o);

        /***   output:
         * 500
         */}

    private static void method1() throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchFieldException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException {
        //1.获取class对象
        Class<?> aClass = Class.forName("com.jou.MyReflectDemo.Student");
        //2.获取name这个Field对象
        Field field = aClass.getField("name");
        //3.利用set方法赋值
        //3.1先创建一个Student对象
        Student student = (Student) aClass.newInstance();
        field.set(student,"zfz");
        System.out.println(student.toString());
        /***output:
         * Student{name='zfz', age=0, gender='null', money=500}
         */}
}

9.获取method对象

import java.lang.reflect.Method;

public class ReflectDemo2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchMethodException {
        //method1();
        //method2();
        //method3();
        //method4();
        //method5();



    }

    private static void method5() throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchMethodException {
        //1.获取class对象
        Class<?> aClass = Class.forName("com.jou.MyReflectDemo.Student");
        //2.getMethod 返回单个公共成员(public)方法对象
        Method method = aClass.getDeclaredMethod("show");
        System.out.println(method);
        /**output:
         *private void com.jou.MyReflectDemo.Student.show()
         */}

    private static void method4() throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchMethodException {
        //1.获取class对象
        Class<?> aClass = Class.forName("com.jou.MyReflectDemo.Student");
        //2.getMethod() 返回单个公共成员(public)方法对象
        Method function2 = aClass.getMethod("function2",String.class);
        System.out.println(function2);
        /**output:
         * public void com.jou.MyReflectDemo.Student.function2(java.lang.String)
         */}

    private static void method3() throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchMethodException {
        //1.获取class对象
        Class<?> aClass = Class.forName("com.jou.MyReflectDemo.Student");
        //2.getMethod() 返回单个公共成员(public)方法对象
        Method function1 = aClass.getMethod("function1");
        System.out.println(function1);
        /**output：
         * public void com.jou.MyReflectDemo.Student.function1()
         */}

    private static void method2() throws ClassNotFoundException {
        //1.获取class对象
        Class<?> aClass = Class.forName("com.jou.MyReflectDemo.Student");
        //2.   Method[] getDeclaredMethods()  返回所有成员(private and public)方法对象的数组，不包括继承的
        Method[] methods = aClass.getDeclaredMethods();
        for (Method method : methods) {
            System.out.println(method);
        }
        /**output:
         * private void com.jou.MyReflectDemo.Student.show()
         * public void com.jou.MyReflectDemo.Student.function1()
         * public java.lang.String com.jou.MyReflectDemo.Student.function3()
         * public java.lang.String com.jou.MyReflectDemo.Student.function4(java.lang.String)
         * public void com.jou.MyReflectDemo.Student.function2(java.lang.String)
         */}

    private static void method1() throws ClassNotFoundException {
        //1.获取class对象
        Class<?> aClass = Class.forName("com.jou.MyReflectDemo.Student");
        //2.   Method[] getMethods()  返回所有公共成员方法对象的数组，包括继承的
        Method[] methods = aClass.getMethods();
        for (Method method : methods) {
            System.out.println(method);
        }
        /** output:
         * public java.lang.String com.jou.MyReflectDemo.Student.function3()
         * public void com.jou.MyReflectDemo.Student.function2(java.lang.String)
         * public java.lang.String com.jou.MyReflectDemo.Student.function4(java.lang.String)
         * public void com.jou.MyReflectDemo.Student.function1()
         * public final native void java.lang.Object.wait(long) throws java.lang.InterruptedException
         * public final void java.lang.Object.wait(long,int) throws java.lang.InterruptedException
         * public final void java.lang.Object.wait() throws java.lang.InterruptedException
         * public boolean java.lang.Object.equals(java.lang.Object)
         * public java.lang.String java.lang.Object.toString()
         * public native int java.lang.Object.hashCode()
         * public final native java.lang.Class java.lang.Object.getClass()
         * public final native void java.lang.Object.notify()
         * public final native void java.lang.Object.notifyAll()
         */}
}

10.利用method对象运行方法

import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;

public class ReflectDemo3 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchMethodException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException {
        //1.获取class对象
        Class<?> aClass = Class.forName("com.jou.MyReflectDemo.Student");
        Method method = aClass.getDeclaredMethod("function4", String.class);
        //Object invoke()
        // 参数一：用obj对象调用该方法
        // 参数二：调用方法传递的参数(没有就不写)
        //返回值：方法的返回值(没有就不写)
        //创建一个Student对象,当作方法的调用者
        Student student = (Student) aClass.newInstance();
        Object result = method.invoke(student, "zfz");
        System.out.println(result);
        /**output:
         * function4()有参有返回值的,参数为zfz
         * Aaaa
         */
        
    }
}