面试官：正在运行的线程如何停止？我蒙了。。。

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作者： Greta Wang
出处： http://www.cnblogs.com/greta/
本文版权归作者和博客园共有，欢迎转载，但未经作者同意必须保留此段声明，且在文章页面明显位置给出原文连接，否则保留追究法律责任的权利。

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停止一个线程意味着在任务处理完任务之前停掉正在做的操作，也就是放弃当前的操作。停止一个线程可以用Thread.stop()方法，但最好不要用它。虽然它确实可以停止一个正在运行的线程，但是这个方法是不安全的，而且是已被废弃的方法。在java中有以下3种方法可以终止正在运行的线程：

• 使用退出标志，使线程正常退出，也就是当run方法完成后线程终止。
• 使用stop方法强行终止，但是不推荐这个方法，因为stop和suspend及resume一样都是过期作废的方法。
• 使用interrupt方法中断线程。

1. 停止不了的线程

interrupt()方法的使用效果并不像for+break语句那样，马上就停止循环。调用interrupt方法是在当前线程中打了一个停止标志，并不是真的停止线程。

public class MyThread extends Thread {
    public void run(){
        super.run();
        for(int i=0; i<500000; i++){
            System.out.println("i="+(i+1));
        }
    }
}

public class Run {
    public static void main(String args[]){
        Thread thread = new MyThread();
        thread.start();
        try {
            Thread.sleep(2000);
            thread.interrupt();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

...
i=499994
i=499995
i=499996
i=499997
i=499998
i=499999
i=500000

理解在当前线程中打了一个停止标志，并不是真的停止线程。并不是让当前线程停止执行，就是设置一个标志位，表示当前执行过中断，在线程不同状态的情况下，执行情况不一样。看下面源码，发现大部分其实都是设置中断标志位+抛出异常的情况。例如下面的被wait()阻塞，就会then its interrupt status will be cleared and it * will receive an {@link InterruptedException}.抛出InterruptedException中断异常。所以就算不能阻止线程停止，但是我们可以通过抛出异常和判断标志位的方式进行操作终止。

```java
  /**
     * Interrupts this thread.
     *
     * <p> Unless the current thread is interrupting itself, which is
     * always permitted, the {@link #checkAccess() checkAccess} method
     * of this thread is invoked, which may cause a {@link
     * SecurityException} to be thrown.
     *
     * <p> If this thread is blocked in an invocation of the {@link
     * Object#wait() wait()}, {@link Object#wait(long) wait(long)}, or {@link
     * Object#wait(long, int) wait(long, int)} methods of the {@link Object}
     * class, or of the {@link #join()}, {@link #join(long)}, {@link
     * #join(long, int)}, {@link #sleep(long)}, or {@link #sleep(long, int)},
     * methods of this class, then its interrupt status will be cleared and it
     * will receive an {@link InterruptedException}.
     *
     * <p> If this thread is blocked in an I/O operation upon an {@link
     * java.nio.channels.InterruptibleChannel InterruptibleChannel}
     * then the channel will be closed, the thread's interrupt
     * status will be set, and the thread will receive a {@link
     * java.nio.channels.ClosedByInterruptException}.
     *
     * <p> If this thread is blocked in a {@link java.nio.channels.Selector}
     * then the thread's interrupt status will be set and it will return
     * immediately from the selection operation, possibly with a non-zero
     * value, just as if the selector's {@link
     * java.nio.channels.Selector#wakeup wakeup} method were invoked.
     *
     * <p> If none of the previous conditions hold then this thread's interrupt
     * status will be set. </p>
     *
     * <p> Interrupting a thread that is not alive need not have any effect.
     *
     * @throws  SecurityException
     *          if the current thread cannot modify this thread
     *
     * @revised 6.0
     * @spec JSR-51
     */
    public void interrupt() {
        if (this != Thread.currentThread())
            checkAccess();

        synchronized (blockerLock) {
            Interruptible b = blocker;
            if (b != null) {
                interrupt0();           // Just to set the interrupt flag
                b.interrupt(this);
                return;
            }
        }
        interrupt0();
    }

2. 判断线程是否停止状态

Thread.java类中提供了两种方法：

• this.interrupted(): 测试当前线程是否已经中断；
• this.isInterrupted(): 测试线程是否已经中断；

那么这两个方法有什么图区别呢？我们先来看看this.interrupted()方法的解释：测试当前线程是否已经中断，当前线程是指运行this.interrupted()方法的线程。

public class MyThread extends Thread {
    public void run(){
        super.run();
        for(int i=0; i<500000; i++){
            i++;
//            System.out.println("i="+(i+1));
        }
    }
}

public class Run {
    public static void main(String args[]){
        Thread thread = new MyThread();
        thread.start();
        try {
            Thread.sleep(2000);
            thread.interrupt();

            System.out.println("stop 1??" + thread.interrupted());
            System.out.println("stop 2??" + thread.interrupted());
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

stop 1??false
stop 2??false

来判断thread对象所代表的线程是否停止，但从控制台打印的结果来看，线程并未停止，这也证明了interrupted()方法的解释，测试当前线程是否已经中断。这个当前线程是main，它从未中断过，所以打印的结果是两个false.

看源码
为静态方法，判断当前线程是否中断

  /**
     * Tests whether the current thread has been interrupted.  The
     * <i>interrupted status</i> of the thread is cleared by this method.  In
     * other words, if this method were to be called twice in succession, the
     * second call would return false (unless the current thread were
     * interrupted again, after the first call had cleared its interrupted
     * status and before the second call had examined it).
     *
     * <p>A thread interruption ignored because a thread was not alive
     * at the time of the interrupt will be reflected by this method
     * returning false.
     *
     * @return  <code>true</code> if the current thread has been interrupted;
     *          <code>false</code> otherwise.
     * @see #isInterrupted()
     * @revised 6.0
     */
 public static boolean interrupted() {
        return currentThread().isInterrupted(true);
    }
  /**
     * Tests if some Thread has been interrupted.  The interrupted state
     * is reset or not based on the value of ClearInterrupted that is
     * passed.
     */
    private native boolean isInterrupted(boolean ClearInterrupted);

调用isInterrupted(true)方法传入值为true，所以会重置中断状态。

如果当前main方法进行中断，可以看出是可恢复的。除非再执行一次中断操作。

   public static void main(String args[]){
        Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
        System.out.println("stop 1??" + Thread.interrupted());
        System.out.println("stop 2??" + Thread.interrupted());

        System.out.println("End");
    }
    
结果：
stop 1??true
stop 2??false
End

Process finished with exit code 0

  public static void main(String args[]){
        Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
        System.out.println("stop 1??" + Thread.interrupted());
        Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
        System.out.println("stop 2??" + Thread.interrupted());

        System.out.println("End");
    }

结果：

stop 1??true
stop 2??true
End

Process finished with exit code 0

isInterrupted()方法

  public static void main(String args[]){
        Thread thread = new MyThread();
        thread.start();
        thread.interrupt();
        System.out.println("stop 1??" + thread.isInterrupted());
        System.out.println("stop 2??" + thread.isInterrupted());
    }

stop 1??true
stop 2??true

Process finished with exit code 0

不会进行中断状态的重置。

3. 能停止的线程–异常法

有了前面学习过的知识点，就可以在线程中用for语句来判断一下线程是否是停止状态，如果是停止状态，则后面的代码不再运行即可：

public class run {
    public static void main(String args[]){
        Thread thread = new MyThread();
        thread.start();
        try {
            Thread.sleep(1000);
            thread.interrupt();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}
 class MyThread extends Thread {
    public void run(){
        super.run();
        for(int i=0; i<500000; i++){
            if(this.interrupted()) {
                System.out.println("线程已经终止， for循环不再执行");
                break;
            }
            System.out.println("i="+(i+1));
        }
        for(int u=0;u<5000;u++){
            System.out.println(u);
        }
        System.out.println("这是for循环外面的语句，也会被执行");
    }
}

i=247932
i=247933
i=247934
i=247935
i=247936
线程已经终止， for循环不再执行
0
1
2
...
4994
4995
4996
4997
4998
4999
这是for循环外面的语句，也会被执行

上面的示例虽然停止了线程，但如果for语句下面还有语句，还是会继续运行的。因为线程事实上并没有中断。如何解决语句继续运行的问题呢？看一下更新后的代码：

public class MyThread extends Thread {
    public void run(){
        super.run();
        try {
            for(int i=0; i<500000; i++){
                if(this.interrupted()) {
                    System.out.println("线程已经终止， for循环不再执行");
                        throw new InterruptedException();
                }
                System.out.println("i="+(i+1));
            }

            System.out.println("这是for循环外面的语句，也会被执行");
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            System.out.println("进入MyThread.java类中的catch了。。。");
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

...
i=203798
i=203799
i=203800
线程已经终止， for循环不再执行
进入MyThread.java类中的catch了。。。
java.lang.InterruptedException
 at thread.MyThread.run(MyThread.java:13)

4. 在沉睡中停止

在上面源码中可以看到在睡眠中中断，会抛出中断异常，所以我们直接利用中断异常进行终止操作。

public class MyThread extends Thread {
    public void run(){
        super.run();

        try {
            System.out.println("线程开始。。。");
            Thread.sleep(200000);
            System.out.println("线程结束。");
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            System.out.println("在沉睡中被停止, 进入catch， 调用isInterrupted()方法的结果是：" + this.isInterrupted());
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }
}

线程开始。。。
在沉睡中被停止, 进入catch， 调用isInterrupted()方法的结果是：false
java.lang.InterruptedException: sleep interrupted
 at java.lang.Thread.sleep(Native Method)
 at thread.MyThread.run(MyThread.java:12)

从打印的结果来看， 如果在sleep状态下停止某一线程，会进入catch语句，并且清除停止状态值，使之变为false。
前一个实验是先sleep然后再用interrupt()停止，与之相反的操作在学习过程中也要注意：

public class MyThread extends Thread {
    public void run(){
        super.run();
        try {
            System.out.println("线程开始。。。");
            for(int i=0; i<10000; i++){
                System.out.println("i=" + i);
            }
            Thread.sleep(200000);
            System.out.println("线程结束。");
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
             System.out.println("先停止，再遇到sleep，进入catch异常");
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }
}

public class Run {
    public static void main(String args[]){
        Thread thread = new MyThread();
        thread.start();
        thread.interrupt();
    }
}

i=9998
i=9999
先停止，再遇到sleep，进入catch异常
java.lang.InterruptedException: sleep interrupted
 at java.lang.Thread.sleep(Native Method)
 at thread.MyThread.run(MyThread.java:15)

可以看出中断进行时，线程并没有立即中断，直到遇到sleep操作，即抛出中断异常，终止线程。

5. 能停止的线程—暴力停止

public class MyThread extends Thread {
    private int i = 0;
    public void run(){
        super.run();
        try {
            while (true){
                System.out.println("i=" + i);
                i++;
                Thread.sleep(200);
            }
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

public class Run {
    public static void main(String args[]) throws InterruptedException {
        Thread thread = new MyThread();
        thread.start();
        Thread.sleep(2000);
        thread.stop();
    }
}

i=0
i=1
i=2
i=3
i=4
i=5
i=6
i=7
i=8
i=9

Process finished with exit code 0

调用stop()方法时会抛出java.lang.ThreadDeath异常，但是通常情况下，此异常不需要显示地捕捉。
stop()方法以及作废，因为如果强制让线程停止有可能使一些清理性的工作得不到完成。另外一个情况就是对锁定的对象进行了解锁，导致数据得不到同步的处理，出现数据不一致的问题。

7. 释放锁的不良后果

使用stop()释放锁将会给数据造成不一致性的结果。如果出现这样的情况，程序处理的数据就有可能遭到破坏，最终导致程序执行的流程错误，一定要特别注意：

public class SynchronizedObject {
    private String name = "a";
    private String password = "aa";

    public synchronized void printString(String name, String password){
        try {
            this.name = name;
            Thread.sleep(100000);
            this.password = password;
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }
}

public class MyThread extends Thread {
    private SynchronizedObject synchronizedObject;
    public MyThread(SynchronizedObject synchronizedObject){
        this.synchronizedObject = synchronizedObject;
    }

    public void run(){
        synchronizedObject.printString("b", "bb");
    }
}

public class Run {
    public static void main(String args[]) throws InterruptedException {
        SynchronizedObject synchronizedObject = new SynchronizedObject();
        Thread thread = new MyThread(synchronizedObject);
        thread.start();
        Thread.sleep(500);
        thread.stop();
        System.out.println(synchronizedObject.getName() + "  " + synchronizedObject.getPassword());
    }

b  aa

由于stop()方法以及在JDK中被标明为“过期/作废”的方法，显然它在功能上具有缺陷，所以不建议在程序张使用stop()方法。

8. 使用return停止线程

将方法interrupt()与return结合使用也能实现停止线程的效果：

public class MyThread extends Thread {
    public void run(){
        while (true){
            if(this.isInterrupted()){
                System.out.println("线程被停止了！");
                return;
            }
            System.out.println("Time: " + System.currentTimeMillis());
        }
    }
}

public class Run {
    public static void main(String args[]) throws InterruptedException {
        Thread thread = new MyThread();
        thread.start();
        Thread.sleep(2000);
        thread.interrupt();
    }
}

Time: 1467072288503
Time: 1467072288503
Time: 1467072288503
线程被停止了！

不过还是建议使用“抛异常”的方法来实现线程的停止，因为在catch块中还可以将异常向上抛，使线程停止事件得以传播。