错误处理机制
SpringBoot默认的错误处理机制
可以参照ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration;错误处理的自动配置
给容器中添加了以下组件
- DefaultErrorAttributes:
@Override
public Map<String, Object> getErrorAttributes(RequestAttributes requestAttributes, boolean includeStackTrace) {
Map<String, Object> errorAttributes = new LinkedHashMap<String, Object>();
errorAttributes.put("timestamp", new Date());
addStatus(errorAttributes, requestAttributes);
addErrorDetails(errorAttributes, requestAttributes, includeStackTrace);
addPath(errorAttributes, requestAttributes);
return errorAttributes;
}
- BasicErrorController:处理默认/error请求
@Controller
@RequestMapping( "${server.error.path:${error.path:/error}}" )
public class BasicErrorController extends AbstractErrorController
{
@RequestMapping( produces = "text/html" )
public ModelAndView errorHtml( HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response ){
HttpStatus status = getStatus( request );
Map<String, Object> model = Collections.unmodifiableMap(getErrorAttributes(
request, isIncludeStackTrace( request, MediaType.TEXT_HTML ) ) );
response.setStatus( status.value() );
//去哪个页面作为错误页面;包含页面地址和页面内容
ModelAndView modelAndView = resolveErrorView( request, response, status, model );
return(modelAndView == null ? new ModelAndView( "error", model ) : modelAndView);
}
@RequestMapping
@ResponseBody
public ResponseEntity < Map < String, Object > > error( HttpServletRequest request ){
Map < String, Object > body = getErrorAttributes( request, isIncludeStackTrace( request, MediaType.ALL ) );
HttpStatus status = getStatus( request );
return(new ResponseEntity < Map < String, Object > > ( body, status ) );
}
3、ErrorPageCustomizer:
@Value("${error.path:/error}")
private String path = "/error"; 系统出现错误以后来到error请求进行处理;(web.xml注册的错误页 面规则)
4、DefaultErrorViewResolver:
@Override
public ModelAndView resolveErrorView(HttpServletRequest request, HttpStatus status,
Map<String, Object> model) {
ModelAndView modelAndView = resolve(String.valueOf(status), model);
if (modelAndView == null && SERIES_VIEWS.containsKey(status.series())) {
modelAndView = resolve(SERIES_VIEWS.get(status.series()), model);
}
return modelAndView;
}
private ModelAndView resolve(String viewName, Map<String, Object> model) {
//默认SpringBoot可以去找到一个页面? error/404
String errorViewName = "error/" + viewName;
//模板引擎可以解析这个页面地址就用模板引擎解析
TemplateAvailabilityProvider provider = this.templateAvailabilityProviders .getProvider(errorViewName, this.applicationContext);
if (provider != null) {
//模板引擎可用的情况下返回到errorViewName指定的视图地址
return new ModelAndView(errorViewName, model);
}
//模板引擎不可用,就在静态资源文件夹下找errorViewName对应的页面 error/404.html
return resolveResource(errorViewName, model);
}
步骤:
一但系统出现4xx或者5xx之类的错误;ErrorPageCustomizer就会生效(定制错误的响应规则);就会来到/error 请求;就会被BasicErrorController处理;
响应页面;去哪个页面是由DefaultErrorViewResolver解析得到的;
protected ModelAndView resolveErrorView(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response, HttpStatus status, Map<String, Object> model) {
//所有的ErrorViewResolver得到ModelAndView
for (ErrorViewResolver resolver : this.errorViewResolvers) {
ModelAndView modelAndView = resolver.resolveErrorView(request, status, model);
if (modelAndView != null) {
return modelAndView;
}
}
return null;
}
如何定制错误响应:
1.如何定制错误的页面
- 有模板引擎的情况下;error/状态码; 【将错误页面命名为 错误状态码.html 放在模板引擎文件夹里面的 error文件夹下】,发生此状态码的错误就会来到 对应的页面;
我们可以使用4xx和5xx作为错误页面的文件名来匹配这种类型的所有错误,精确优先(优先寻找精确的状态 码.html);
页面能获取的信息; timestamp:时间戳 status:状态码 error:错误提示 exception:异常对象 message:异常消息 errors:JSR303数据校验的错误都在这里 - 没有模板引擎(模板引擎找不到这个错误页面),静态资源文件夹下找;
- 以上都没有错误页面,就是默认来到SpringBoot默认的错误提示页面;
2. 如何定制错误的json数据;
- 自定义异常处理&返回定制json数据;
@ControllerAdvice
public class MyExceptionHandler {
@ResponseBody
@ExceptionHandler(UserNotExistException.class)
public Map<String,Object> handleException(Exception e){
Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();
map.put("code","user.notexist");
map.put("message",e.getMessage());
return map;
}
}
//没有自适应效果...
- 转发到/error进行自适应响应效果处理
@ExceptionHandler(UserNotExistException.class)
public String handleException(Exception e, HttpServletRequest request){
Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();
//传入我们自己的错误状态码 4xx 5xx,否则就不会进入定制错误页面的解析流程
/**
* Integer statusCode = (Integer) request .getAttribute("javax.servlet.error.status_code");
*/
request.setAttribute("javax.servlet.error.status_code",500);
map.put("code","user.notexist");
map.put("message",e.getMessage());
//转发到/error
return "forward:/error";
}
3. 将我们的定制数据携带出去;
出现错误以后,会来到/error请求,会被BasicErrorController处理,响应出去可以获取的数据是由 getErrorAttributes得到的(是AbstractErrorController(ErrorController)规定的方法);
1、完全来编写一个ErrorController的实现类【或者是编写AbstractErrorController的子类】,放在容器中;
2、页面上能用的数据,或者是json返回能用的数据都是通过errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes得到; 容器中DefaultErrorAttributes.getErrorAttributes();默认进行数据处理的;
自定义ErrorAttributes
//给容器中加入我们自己定义的ErrorAttributes
@Component
public class MyErrorAttributes extends DefaultErrorAttributes {
@Override
public Map<String, Object> getErrorAttributes(RequestAttributes requestAttributes, boolean includeStackTrace) {
Map<String, Object> map = super.getErrorAttributes(requestAttributes, includeStackTrace);
map.put("company","atguigu");
return map;
}
}
**效果:**响应是自适应的,可以通过定制ErrorAttributes改变需要返回的内容,