介绍
slf4j是一种日志接口,相比jul更好,而logback是对slf4j的一种方案,包括logback-api,logback-core,logback-classic,logback-access(非必需)
所以至少需要slf4j-api,logback-core,logback-classic
依赖
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
<artifactId>logback-core</artifactId>
<version>1.2.3</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
<artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>
<version>1.2.3</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
<version>1.7.30</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
Logger
记录器是存在继承关系,下面两行会创建五个记录器,其中第一个logger1会创建App,com.cll,com,root,而logger会创建APP2
Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger("com.cll.App")
Logger logger2 = LoggerFactory.getLogger("com.cll.App2")
最底层的Logger会继承上一层的Logger的Level
ch.qos.logback.classic.Logger rootLogger = (ch.qos.logback.classic.Logger) LoggerFactory.getLogger(Logger.ROOT_LOGGER_NAME);
rootLogger.setLevel(Level.DEBUG);
ch.qos.logback.classic.Logger logbackLogger = (ch.qos.logback.classic.Logger) LoggerFactory.getLogger("com.cll.logback");
logbackLogger.setLevel(Level.INFO);
ch.qos.logback.classic.Logger logger = (ch.qos.logback.classic.Logger) LoggerFactory.getLogger(Main.class);
//获取根记录器
System.out.println(logger.getEffectiveLevel());
默认继承了上一层的info
Appender
appender就是控制日志输出规则,输出格式,生产上一般都会每天保留一次日志,并且设置最大保留日期。
而root就是特殊的logger,通过appender-ref就可以将logger和appender多对多关联起来(感觉这里的设计很巧妙)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<configuration
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<!--配置文件的内容写在这里面-->
<!-- 控制台附加器-->
<appender name="Console" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
<encoder>
<pattern>%date %msg%n</pattern>
</encoder>
</appender>
<!-- 滚动文件附加器-->
<appender name="File" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
<file>my.log</file>
<encoder>
<pattern>%date %msg%n</pattern>
</encoder>
<rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy">
<!-- 按照时间策略归档-->
<fileNamePattern>log_%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.log</fileNamePattern>
<!--最大保留30天,上面fileNamePattern设置日志的归档周期,具体到天-->
<maxHistory>30</maxHistory>
<totalSizeGap>5G</totalSizeGap>
</rollingPolicy>
</appender>
<root level="info">
<appender-ref ref="File"></appender-ref>
<appender-ref ref="Console"></appender-ref>
</root>
</configuration>
每秒产生日志文件,可以用来测试
<fileNamePattern>log_%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH-mm-ss}.log</fileNamePattern>
过滤器
ACCEPT输出日志,DENY拒绝输出日志,NEUTRAl不决定是否输出日志首先是LevelFilter,对指定级别的日志进行过滤,比如控制台上设置接受INFO级别的,那么程序中DEBUG级别的就不会被打印
ch.qos.logback.classic.Logger rootLogger = (ch.qos.logback.classic.Logger) LoggerFactory.getLogger(Logger.ROOT_LOGGER_NAME);
rootLogger.setLevel(Level.DEBUG);
while (true){
Thread.sleep(100);
rootLogger.error("Jimmy"+System.nanoTime());
}
<appender name="Console" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
<encoder>
<pattern>%date %msg%n</pattern>
</encoder>
<filter class="ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.LevelFilter">
<!-- 过滤的级别 -->
<level>INFO</level>
<!-- 匹配时的操作:接收(记录) -->
<onMatch>ACCEPT</onMatch>
<!-- 不匹配时的操作:拒绝(不记录) -->
<onMismatch>DENY</onMismatch>
</filter>
</appender>
ThresholdFilter门槛过滤器,设置为info级别的,那么只打印INFO级别以上的日志
<appender name="Console" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
<encoder>
<pattern>%date %msg%n</pattern>
</encoder>
<filter class="ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.ThresholdFilter">
<!-- 过滤的级别 -->
<level>INFO</level>
<!-- 匹配时的操作:接收(记录) -->
<onMatch>ACCEPT</onMatch>
<!-- 不匹配时的操作:拒绝(不记录) -->
<onMismatch>DENY</onMismatch>
</filter>
</appender>
记录器可加性
某些场景日志会重复打印(笔者还没搞清楚规则)
<root level="debug" >
<appender-ref ref="Console"></appender-ref>
</root>
<logger level="info" name ="com" >
<appender-ref ref="Console"></appender-ref>
</logger>
<logger name="com.cll" level="info">
<appender-ref ref="Console"></appender-ref>
</logger>
配置属性additivity=false就可以避免重复打印
<logger name="com.cll" level="info" additivity="false">
<appender-ref ref="Console"></appender-ref>
</logger>
测试和生产环境切换
这里以该项目为例,通过maven切换profile环境来控制日志打印,比如qa环境下,日志不再打印到控制台上,而是只输出到文件中
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<configuration
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<!--配置文件的内容写在这里面-->
<!-- 控制台附加器-->
<appender name="Console" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
<encoder>
<pattern>%date %msg%n</pattern>
</encoder>
<filter class="ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.ThresholdFilter">
<!-- 过滤的级别 -->
<level>INFO</level>
<!-- 匹配时的操作:接收(记录) -->
<onMatch>ACCEPT</onMatch>
<!-- 不匹配时的操作:拒绝(不记录) -->
<onMismatch>DENY</onMismatch>
</filter>
</appender>
<!-- 滚动文件附加器-->
<appender name="File" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
<file>my.log</file>
<encoder>
<pattern>%date %msg%n</pattern>
</encoder>
<rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy">
<!-- 按照时间策略归档-->
<fileNamePattern>log_%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.log</fileNamePattern>
<!--最大保留30天,上面fileNamePattern设置日志的归档周期,具体到天-->
<maxHistory>30</maxHistory>
<totalSizeGap>5G</totalSizeGap>
</rollingPolicy>
</appender>
<root level="info" >
<appender-ref ref="Console"></appender-ref>
<appender-ref ref="File"></appender-ref>
</root>
<!-- 开发环境 -->
<springProfile name="dev">
<root level="info" >
<appender-ref ref="Console"></appender-ref>
<appender-ref ref="File"></appender-ref>
</root>
</springProfile>
<!-- 测试环境 -->
<springProfile name="qa">
<root level="info" >
<appender-ref ref="File"></appender-ref>
</root>
</springProfile>
<!-- 生产环境 -->
<springProfile name="prod">
<root level="info" >
<appender-ref ref="Console"></appender-ref>
<appender-ref ref="File"></appender-ref>
</root>
</springProfile>
</configuration>
最佳实践
这里logback读取日志时,日志路径可以从配置文件中获取,比如读取spring.application.name,但是由于logback.xml加载顺序优先于application.yml,会出现路径IS_UNDEFINED的问题,所以logback.xml改成logback-spring.xml,该文件加载顺序低于application.yml
这样配置文件就可以给多个项目使用,而避免频繁修改路径
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<configuration
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<!--配置文件的内容写在这里面-->
<!-- 日志存放路径 -->
<!-- 日志输出格式 -->
<property name="log.pattern" value="%d{HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %-5level %logger{20} - [%method,%line] - %msg%n"/>
<!-- 读取Spring属性-->
<springProperty scope="context" name="appName" source="spring.application.name"></springProperty>
<property name="log.path" value="/logs/jtool"/>
<!-- 控制台附加器-->
<appender name="Console" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
<encoder>
<pattern>${log.pattern}</pattern>
</encoder>
</appender>
<!-- 滚动文件附加器-->
<appender name="File" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
<file>${log.path}/${appName}/${appName}.log</file>
<encoder>
<pattern>${log.pattern}</pattern>
</encoder>
<rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy">
<!-- 按照时间策略归档-->
<fileNamePattern>${log.path}/${appName}/%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.log</fileNamePattern>
<!-- <fileNamePattern>${log.path}/${spring.application.name}_%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.log</fileNamePattern>-->
<maxHistory>30</maxHistory>
<totalSizeGap>5G</totalSizeGap>
</rollingPolicy>
</appender>
<root level="info">
<appender-ref ref="Console"></appender-ref>
<appender-ref ref="File"></appender-ref>
</root>
<!-- 开发环境 -->
<springProfile name="dev">
<root level="info">
<appender-ref ref="Console"></appender-ref>
<appender-ref ref="File"></appender-ref>
</root>
</springProfile>
<!-- 测试环境 -->
<springProfile name="qa">
<root level="info">
<appender-ref ref="File"></appender-ref>
<appender-ref ref="Console"></appender-ref>
</root>
</springProfile>
<!-- 生产环境 -->
<springProfile name="prod">
<root level="info">
<appender-ref ref="Console"></appender-ref>
<appender-ref ref="File"></appender-ref>
</root>
</springProfile>
</configuration>