比较器(C++/Java)


比较器–C++/Java实现

对于任意比较器,对 返回值 都有统一的规范:

返回值 < 0 : <0: <0: o 1 o1 o1 排在 o 2 o2 o2 前面
返回值 > 0 : >0: >0: o 2 o2 o2 排在 o 1 o1 o1 前面
返回值 = 0 : =0: =0: 谁排前面都可以

实例1

C++:

//降序
bool compare(int a,int b){
	return a>b;
}
sort(arr.begin(),arr.end(),compare);


C++ Lambda表达式

std::sort(ans.begin(),ans.end(),[&](vector<int>& v1,vector<int>& v2){
            return (std::abs(v1[0]-rCenter)+std::abs(v1[1]-cCenter))<
            (std::abs(v2[0]-rCenter)+std::abs(v2[1]-cCenter));
        });

Java:

A r r a y s . s o r t ( ) Arrays.sort ( ) Arrays.sort() 默认升序,定义比较器而不用重新写就可以实现降序

import java.util.Arrays;

public class Comparator {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		int[] arr= {1,0,9,6,2,5,6,7,2,5};
		Arrays.sort(arr);
		System.out.println(Arrays.toString(arr));
	}
}

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import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Comparator;

public class MyComparator {
	public static class Compare implements Comparator<Integer>{
		@Override
		public int compare(Integer o1, Integer o2) {
			return o2-o1;
		}
	}
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Integer[] arr= {1,0,9,6,2,5,6,7,2,5};
		Arrays.sort(arr,new Compare());
		System.out.println(Arrays.toString(arr));
	}
}

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实例2

定义学生类,按照 I D ID ID 升序

C++:


#include<iostream>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;
class Student{
public:
	Student(string myName,int myId,int myAge):name(myName),id(myId),age(myAge){}
	void outPut(){
		cout<<name<<" "<<id<<" "<<age<<endl;
	}
	string getName(){
		return name;
	}
	int getId(){
		return id;
	}
	int getAge(){
		return age;
	} 
private:
	string name;
	int id;
	int age;
};
//比较器 
bool compare(Student s1,Student s2){
    return s1.getId()<s2.getId();
}
void print(const vector<Student>& arr){
    for(auto k:arr){
    	k.outPut();
	}
}

int main(){
	vector<Student>arr;
//	Student tmp;
	int len=5;
	for(int i=0;i<len;++i){
		string name;
		int id;
		int age;
		cin>>name>>id>>age;
		Student stu(name,id,age);
		arr.push_back(stu);
	}
	sort(arr.begin(),arr.end(),compare);
	print(arr);
}


/*John 2001 23
Mary 2008 21
Hun 2003 29
Wu 2002 24
Ma 2005 22
======================
John 2001 23
Wu 2002 24
Hun 2003 29
Ma 2005 22
Mary 2008 21*/

Java:

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Comparator;

public class MyComparator {
	public static class Student{
		public String name;
		public int ID;
		public int age;
		Student(String name,int ID,int age){
			this.name=name;
			this.ID=ID;
			this.age=age;
		}
	}
	public static class Compare implements Comparator<Student>{
		@Override
		public int compare(Student o1, Student o2) {
			return o1.ID-o2.ID;
		}
	}
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Student[] stus=new Student[5];
		stus[0]=new Student("John", 2001, 23);
		stus[1]=new Student("Mary", 2008, 21);
		stus[2]=new Student("Hun", 2003, 29);
		stus[3]=new Student("Wu", 2002, 24);
		stus[4]=new Student("Ma", 2005, 22);
		Arrays.sort(stus,new Compare());
		for(int i=0;i<stus.length;++i) {
			System.out.println(stus[i].name+" "+stus[i].ID+" "+stus[i].age);
		}
	}
}

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实例3

按照班级升序,按照年龄降序

C++:

//按照班级升序,按照年龄降序
#include<iostream>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;
class Student{
public:
	Student(string myName,int myId,int myClass,int myAge):name(myName),id(myId),Class(myClass),age(myAge){}
	void outPut(){
		cout<<name<<" "<<id<<" "<<Class <<" "<<age<<endl;
	}
	string getName(){
		return name;
	}
	int getId(){
		return id;
	}
	int getClass(){
		return Class;
	}
	int getAge(){
		return age;
	} 
private:
	string name;
	int id;
	int Class;
	int age;
};
//比较器 
bool compare(Student s1,Student s2){

	if(s1.getClass()!=s2.getClass()){
		return s1.getClass()<s2.getClass();
	}
	return s1.getAge()>s2.getAge();
}
void print(const vector<Student>& arr){
    for(auto k:arr){
    	k.outPut();
	}
}

int main(){
	vector<Student>arr;
//	Student tmp;
	int len=5;
	for(int i=0;i<len;++i){
		string name;
		int id;
		int Class;
		int age;
		cin>>name>>id>>Class>>age;
		Student stu(name,id,Class,age);
		arr.push_back(stu);
	}
	sort(arr.begin(),arr.end(),compare);
	print(arr);
}

John 2008 1901 23
Wu 2002 1904 24
Hun 2003 1906 29
Ma 2005 1908 22
Mary 2001 1901 21
======================

John 2008 1901 23
Mary 2001 1901 21
Wu 2002 1904 24
Hun 2003 1906 29
Ma 2005 1908 22

*/

Java:

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Comparator;

public class MyComparator {
	public static class Student{
		public String name;
		public int ID;
		public int age;
		public int classNo;
		Student(String name,int ID,int age,int classNo){
			this.name=name;
			this.ID=ID;
			this.age=age;
			this.classNo=classNo;
		}
	}
	public static class Compare implements Comparator<Student>{
		@Override
		public int compare(Student o1, Student o2) {
			if(o1.classNo!=o2.classNo) {
				return o1.classNo-o2.classNo;
			}
			return o2.age-o1.age;
		}
	}
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Student[] stus=new Student[7];
		stus[0]=new Student("Mary", 2007, 25,1908);
		stus[1]=new Student("John", 2008, 23,1901);
		stus[2]=new Student("Wu", 2002, 24,1904);
		stus[3]=new Student("Mar", 2011, 19,1908);
		stus[4]=new Student("Hun", 2003, 29,1906);
		stus[5]=new Student("Ma", 2005, 22,1908);
		stus[6]=new Student("Mary", 2001, 21,1901);
		Arrays.sort(stus,new Compare());
		for(int i=0;i<stus.length;++i) {
			System.out.println(stus[i].name+" "+stus[i].classNo+" "+stus[i].age+" "+stus[i].ID);
		}
	}
}

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实例4

定义类型的堆,堆的组织结构是基于比较的,必须提供自定义类型的比较规则,这就可以用到比
较器。

按照年龄组织成小根堆

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.PriorityQueue;

public class MyComparator {
	public static class Student{
		public String name;
		public int ID;
		public int age;
		public int classNo;
		Student(String name,int ID,int age,int classNo){
			this.name=name;
			this.ID=ID;
			this.age=age;
			this.classNo=classNo;
		}
	}
	public static class Compare implements Comparator<Student>{
		@Override
		public int compare(Student o1, Student o2) {
			return o1.age-o2.age;
		}
	}
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Student[] stus=new Student[7];
		stus[0]=new Student("Mary", 2007, 25,1908);
		stus[1]=new Student("John", 2008, 23,1901);
		stus[2]=new Student("Wu", 2002, 24,1904);
		stus[3]=new Student("Mar", 2011, 19,1908);
		stus[4]=new Student("Hun", 2003, 29,1906);
		stus[5]=new Student("Ma", 2005, 22,1908);
		stus[6]=new Student("Mary", 2001, 21,1901);
		PriorityQueue<Student> heap=new PriorityQueue<Student>(new Compare());
		heap.add(stus[0]);
		heap.add(stus[1]);
		heap.add(stus[2]);
		heap.add(stus[3]);
		heap.add(stus[4]);
		heap.add(stus[5]);
		heap.add(stus[6]);
		while(!heap.isEmpty()) {
			Student s=heap.poll();
			System.out.println(s.name+" "+s.age+" "+s.classNo+" "+s.ID);
		}
	}
}

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题目1

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#include <iostream>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<vector>
#include<string>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;
class GDP{
	public:
	string city;
	double first;
	double second;
	double third;
	double ratio;
	double sum;
	GDP(string s,double a,double b,double c){
		city=s;
		first=a;
		second=b;
		third=c;
		ratio=c/(a+b+c); 
		sum=a+b+c;
	}
};
//比较器 
bool compare(GDP s1,GDP s2){
    return s1.sum>s2.sum;
}
bool compare1(GDP s1,GDP s2){
    return s1.ratio>s2.ratio;
}
int main() {
	int N;
	cin>>N;
	vector<GDP>vec;
	for(int i=0;i<N;++i){
		string s;double a,b,c;
		cin>>s>>a>>b>>c;
		GDP gdp(s,a,b,c);
		vec.push_back(gdp);
	}
	sort(vec.begin(),vec.end(),compare);
	cout<<vec[0].city<<" ";
	sort(vec.begin(),vec.begin()+3,compare1);
	cout<<vec[0].city<<" ";
}



Lambda表达式定义比较器

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class Solution {
public:
    vector<vector<int>> allCellsDistOrder(int rows, int cols, int rCenter, int cCenter) {
        vector<vector<int>>ans;
        for(int i=0;i<rows;++i){
            for(int j=0;j<cols;++j){
                vector<int>v;
                v.push_back(i);
                v.push_back(j);
                ans.push_back(v);
            }
        }
        std::sort(ans.begin(),ans.end(),[&](vector<int>& v1,vector<int>& v2){
            return (std::abs(v1[0]-rCenter)+std::abs(v1[1]-cCenter))<
            (std::abs(v2[0]-rCenter)+std::abs(v2[1]-cCenter));
        });
        
        return ans;
    }
};

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重新排列日志文件

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class Solution {
public:
    static bool compare(string s1,string s2){
        
        int i=0;
        while(s1[i]!=' '){
            i++;
        }
        int j=0;
        while(s2[j]!=' '){
            j++;
        }
        string tmp1=s1.substr(i+1,s1.length());
        string tmp2=s2.substr(j+1,s2.length());
        if(tmp1==tmp2){
            return s1.substr(0,i)<s2.substr(0,j);
        }else{
            return tmp1<tmp2;
        }

    } 
    vector<string> reorderLogFiles(vector<string>& logs) {
        vector<string>letter;
        vector<string>number;
        for(string s:logs){
            if(s[s.length()-1]>='0'&&s[s.length()-1]<='9'){
                number.push_back(s);
            }else{
                letter.push_back(s);
            }
        }
        sort(letter.begin(),letter.end(),compare);
        for(string s:number){
            letter.push_back(s);
        }
        return letter;
    }
};

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