Servlet与Jsp

目录

一、Servlet深入：

1.HTTP请求结构： 

2.巧用请求头开发多端应用：

3.响应的结构：

4.ContentType的作用：

5.请求转发和重定向：

6.设置请求自定义属性：

7.浏览器Cookie：

8.Session（用户会话）：

9.ServletContext（Servlet上下文对象）：

10.Java Web三大作用域对象：

11.Web应用的中文乱码：

二、web.xml常用配置：

三、JSP九大内置对象：

四、Java Web打包与发布：

---

一、Servlet深入：

1.HTTP请求结构： 

• 包含3部分：请求行、请求头、请求体。
• Get方式把请求放在URL中，故没有请求体。而Post方式把请求放在请求体中。

2.巧用请求头开发多端应用：

例：

package com.servlet;

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

/**
 * Servlet implementation class UserAgentServlet
 */
@WebServlet("/ua")
public class UserAgentServlet extends HttpServlet {
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()
	 */
	public UserAgentServlet() {
		super();
		// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
	}

	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse
	 *      response)
	 */
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {
		String userAgent = request.getHeader("User-Agent"); // 获取请求头
		response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8"); // 设置编码
		response.getWriter().println(userAgent);
		String output = "";
		// 若找到
		if (userAgent.indexOf("Windows NT") != -1) {
			output = "<h1>这是PC端</h1>";
		} else if (userAgent.indexOf("iPhone") != -1 || userAgent.indexOf("Android") != -1) {
			output = "<h1>这是移动端</h1>";
		}
		response.getWriter().println(output);
	}

}

3.响应的结构：

• 包含3部分：响应行、响应头、响应体。

HTTP常见状态码

状态码	错误描述
200	服务器处理成功
404	无法找到文件
500	内部服务器错误
403	服务器拒绝访问
301、302	请求重定向
400	无效请求
401	未经授权
503	服务器超负载或正停机维护，无法处理请求

4.ContentType的作用：

• 决定了内容输出的结果与样式。
   

类型	描述
text/plain	纯文本
text/html	HTML文档
text/xml	XML文档
application/x-msdownload	需要下载的资源
image/jpeg image/gif image/...	图片资源

例：

package com.servlet;

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

/**
 * Servlet implementation class contentTypeServlet
 */
@WebServlet("/cts")
public class contentTypeServlet extends HttpServlet {
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
       
    /**
     * @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()
     */
    public contentTypeServlet() {
        super();
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    }

	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
	 */
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		String output="<h1><a href='http://www.baidu'><span>百度</span></a></h1>";
		response.setContentType("text/plain;charset=utf-8");
		response.getWriter().println(output);
	}
}

 修改:

Ctrl+F5：清除缓存，强制刷新。

5.请求转发和重定向：

多个Servlet（JSP）之间跳转有2种方式：

• request.getRequestDispatcher().forward()    请求转发
• response.sendRedirect()   响应重定向

 例：

package com.redirect;

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

/**
 * Servlet implementation class CheckLoginServlet
 */
@WebServlet("/check")
public class CheckLoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()
	 */
	public CheckLoginServlet() {
		super();
		// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
	}

	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse
	 *      response)
	 */
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {
		System.out.println("用户登录成功!");

		//A 实现了请求转发功能 
		request.getRequestDispatcher("index").forward(request, response); // 参数1对应请求,参数2对应响应

		//B 响应重定向(需要增加contextPath,此处是/servlet_advanced)
		response.sendRedirect("/servlet_advanced/index");
	}

}

 IndexServlet.java：

package com.redirect;

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

/**
 * Servlet implementation class IndexServlet
 */
@WebServlet("/index")
public class IndexServlet extends HttpServlet {
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()
	 */
	public IndexServlet() {
		super();
		// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
	}

	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse
	 *      response)
	 */
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {
		response.getWriter().println("<h1>This is index page!username</h1>);
	}
}

 当注释B，执行A：

  当注释A，执行B：

请求转发是从一个Servlet 转发到另一个Servlet，地址栏不变。而请求重定向是将第一次处理完请求后，由浏览器重新发送一个新的请求发送给另一个Servlet，地址栏变化。

①请求转发：

• 请求转发是服务器跳转，只会产生一次请求。
• 从始至终只有一次请求，请求转发是在Tomcat内部自动完成的。

 ②响应重定向：

• 重定向则是浏览器端跳转，会产生2次请求。
• URL显示第2次请求。

6.设置请求自定义属性：

• 请求允许创建自定义属性。
• 设置请求属性：request.setAttribute(属性名,属性值)
• 获取请求属性：Object attr = request.getAttribute(属性名)

 例：

CheckLoginServlet.java：

package com.redirect;

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

/**
 * Servlet implementation class CheckLoginServlet
 */
@WebServlet("/check")
public class CheckLoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()
	 */
	public CheckLoginServlet() {
		super();
		// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
	}

	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse
	 *      response)
	 */
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {
		System.out.println("用户登录成功!");
		request.setAttribute("username", "Isebal");
		request.getRequestDispatcher("index").forward(request, response); // 参数1对应请求,参数2对应响应
	}
}

IndexServlet.java：

package com.redirect;

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

/**
 * Servlet implementation class IndexServlet
 */
@WebServlet("/index")
public class IndexServlet extends HttpServlet {
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()
	 */
	public IndexServlet() {
		super();
		// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
	}

	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse
	 *      response)
	 */
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {
		String username = (String) request.getAttribute("username");
		response.getWriter().println("This is index page!username is" + username);
	}

}

7.浏览器Cookie：

• Cookie是浏览器保存在本地的文本内容。
• Cookie常用于保存登录状态、用户资料等小文本。
• Cookie具有时效性（默认有效期就是当前的浏览器窗口，浏览器关闭，cookie自动销毁），Cookie内容会随请求发送给Tomcat。
• 数据存储在客户端。

例：

LoginServlet.java：

package com.cookie;

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

/**
 * Servlet implementation class LoginServlet
 */
@WebServlet("/loginCookie")
public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
       
    /**
     * @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()
     */
    public LoginServlet() {
        super();
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    }

	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
	 */
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		System.out.println("用户登陆成功!");
		Cookie cookie=new Cookie("user", "Isebal");
		response.addCookie(cookie);
		response.getWriter().println("login success!");
		cookie.setMaxAge(60*60*24*7);  //设置cookie有效期,单位是秒
	}

}

IndexCookie.java：

package com.cookie;

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

/**
 * Servlet implementation class IndexCookie
 */
@WebServlet("/IndexCookie")
public class IndexCookie extends HttpServlet {
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
       
    /**
     * @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()
     */
    public IndexCookie() {
        super();
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    }

	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
	 */
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		Cookie[] cs=request.getCookies();  //获得所有的cookie信息,返回一个数组
		if (cs==null) {
			response.getWriter().println("user not login!");
			return;  //程序中断
		}
		String user=null;
		for(Cookie c:cs) {
			System.out.println(c.getName()+":"+c.getValue());  //获取cookie的名称和值
			if (c.getName().equals("user")) {
				user=c.getValue();
				break;
			}
		}
		if (user==null) {
			response.getWriter().println("user not login!");
		}else {
			response.getWriter().println("user:"+user);
		}
	}
}

 

8.Session（用户会话）：

• Session用于保存与"浏览器窗口"对应的数据，与浏览器是绑定的。
• 数据存储在Tomcat服务器端，具有时效性（默认35min）。
• Session通过浏览器Cookie的SessionId值提取用户数据。

 例：

每个浏览器（注意不是浏览器窗口！）对应的存储空间都是不同的，空间标识符就是SessionId。

 LoginSession.java：

package com.session;

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;

/**
 * Servlet implementation class LoginSession
 */
@WebServlet("/LoginSession")
public class LoginSession extends HttpServlet {
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()
	 */
	public LoginSession() {
		super();
		// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
	}

	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse
	 *      response)
	 */
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {
		System.out.println("用户登录成功");
		// 获取到用户会话Session对象
		HttpSession session = request.getSession();
		String sessionId = session.getId();
		System.out.println(sessionId);
		session.setAttribute("name", "张三");
		request.getRequestDispatcher("/IndexSession").forward(request, response);
	}
}

 IndexSession.java：

package com.session;

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;

/**
 * Servlet implementation class IndexSession
 */
@WebServlet("/IndexSession")
public class IndexSession extends HttpServlet {
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()
	 */
	public IndexSession() {
		super();
		// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
	}

	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse
	 *      response)
	 */
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {
		HttpSession session = request.getSession();
		String sessionId = session.getId();
		System.out.println(sessionId);
		String name = (String) session.getAttribute("name");
		response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
		response.getWriter().println("这是首页，当前用户为:" + name);
	}
}

 

•  Session原理：

9.ServletContext（Servlet上下文对象）：

• ServletContext是Web应用全局对象。只要设置了自定义属性，就会在Web应用全局生效。
• 一个Web应用有且只有一个ServletContext对象。
• ServletContext随着Web应用启动而自动创建，随Web应用重启或关闭而销毁。

 例：
ServletContext6.java：

package com.servletcontext;

import java.io.IOException;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

/**
 * Servlet implementation class ServletContext
 */
@WebServlet("/ServletContext")
public class ServletContext6 extends HttpServlet {
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
       
    /**
     * @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()
     */
    public ServletContext6() {
        super();
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    }

	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
	 */
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		ServletContext context=request.getServletContext();
		context.setAttribute("copyright", "@ 2021 7 27");
		context.setAttribute("title", "测试页面");
		response.getWriter().println("init sucess!");
	}
}

DefaultIndex.java：

package com.servletcontext;

import java.io.IOException;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

/**
 * Servlet implementation class DefaultIndex
 */
@WebServlet("/DefaultIndex")
public class DefaultIndex extends HttpServlet {
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
       
    /**
     * @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()
     */
    public DefaultIndex() {
        super();
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    }

	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
	 */
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		ServletContext context=request.getServletContext();
		String copyright=(String)context.getAttribute("copyright");
		String title=(String)context.getAttribute("title");
		response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
		response.getWriter().println("<h1>"+title+"</h1>"+copyright);
	}
}

 

先初始化自定义属性，然后就可以获取了。

ServletContext与Session明显的不同之处在于，只要初始化一次，打开随意的浏览器就能直接访问获取。而Session要想在一个新的浏览器获取自定义属性必须先初始化。

10.Java Web三大作用域对象：

• HttpServletRequest——请求对象。生命周期最短，当一个请求送到Tomcat，就会被创建。当servlet处理完成后，产生的响应返回给浏览器则请求对象就会被销毁。request对象是一个瞬时对象，用完了就会被抛弃。
• HttpSession——用户会话对象。用于保存浏览器窗口对应的数据，生命周期更大，在用户首次发来请求时被创建，默认30min未被访问就会销毁（注意：将浏览器关掉只是将存储在浏览器中的SessionId的Cookie抛弃）。
• ServletContext——Web应用全局对象。在Web应用程序启动时就被创建，在Web应用程序重启或关闭时销毁。

三者由上到下，作用域和生命周期是递增的。

11.Web应用的中文乱码：

• Tomcat默认使用ISO-8859-1字符集（属于西欧字符集）。
• 解决乱码的核心是：将ISO-8859-1字符集转换成UTF-8字符集。
• 为了输入输出都能支持中文，要把Servlet的请求和响应都设置成UTF-8字符集。

①解决Post请求的中文乱码：

例：

CharsetForm.html：

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
	<form action="/servlet_advanced/CharsetServlet" method="post">
		姓名:<input name="name"> 
		地址:<input name="address"> 
		<input type="submit" value="提交">
	</form>
</body>
</html>

CharsetServlet.java：

package com.charset;

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

/**
 * Servlet implementation class CharsetServlet
 */
@WebServlet("/CharsetServlet")
public class CharsetServlet extends HttpServlet {
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
       
    /**
     * @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()
     */
    public CharsetServlet() {
        super();
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    }

	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
	 */
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		response.getWriter().append("Served at: ").append(request.getContextPath());
	}

	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
	 */
	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		//法2:推荐.request.setCharacterEncoding()方法用于将请求体中的字符集进行转换.一定要写在post方法的第一行,而get方法无请求体故无效.
		request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
		String name=request.getParameter("name");
		String address=request.getParameter("address");
		System.out.println(name+":"+address);
		//法1:不推荐
		//String()可以转换字符集,参数1是原始字符集.参数2是要转换的字符集.getBytes()可以传入原始的字符集.
//		String utf8_address=new String(address.getBytes("iso-8859-1"),"utf-8");
//		System.out.println(name+":"+utf8_address);
	}
}

不使用法1或法2、使用法1、使用法2的结果如下：

 注意 request.setCharacterEncoding() 方法用于将请求体中的字符集进行转换.一定要写在post方法的第一行。因为get方法无请求体故不能使用该方法。

②解决Get请求的中文乱码：

• 对于Tomcat8.x的版本，默认get请求发中文就是UTF-8格式，因此无需转换。

 ③解决响应中的乱码：

• 使用 response.setContType("text/html;charset=utf-8");

二、web.xml常用配置：

• 修改web应有的默认首页。
• Servlet通配符映射及初始化参数。
• 设置404、500等状态码默认页面。
• 欢迎文件列表:Web会自动由上而下检测这些文件是否存在,若存在就会自动加载：

  <welcome-file-list>
    <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
  </welcome-file-list>

例①：

index.html:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
  我是默认首页!
</body>
</html>

例②

WebContent是根目录，不仅可以在根目录下找到页面，对于根目录下的二级路径也可以找到。

default.html: 

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
  这是二级首页,我是新闻模块.
</body>
</html>

例③：
在进行URL匹配时，只需要在想获取的参数位置上，把它改成*，servlet可自动完成匹配。

PatternServlet.java:

package com.pattern;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class PatternServlet extends HttpServlet {
	@Override
	protected void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {
		// 查询员工基本信息
		// 获取当前访问的URL
		String url = request.getRequestURL().toString(); // toString()使返回String型
		System.out.println(url);
		String id = url.substring(url.lastIndexOf("/") + 1); // 从最后一次出现/的位置开始截取.
		response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
		PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
		out.println(id);
		if (id.equals("1")) {
			out.println("张三");
		} else if (id.equals("2")) {
			out.println("李四");
		} else {
			out.println("其他员工");
		}
	}
}

web.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
	id="WebApp_ID" version="3.1">
	<display-name>servlet_advanced</display-name>
	<servlet>
		<servlet-name>patternServlet</servlet-name>
		<servlet-class>com.pattern.PatternServlet</servlet-class>
	</servlet>
	<servlet-mapping>
		<servlet-name>patternServlet</servlet-name>
		<url-pattern>/pattern/*</url-pattern> <!-- 所有以pattern开头的地址 -->
	</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

例④：全局参数的配置

在web.xml中可利用 <context-param> 标签来设置应用程序的全局参数。

web.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
	id="WebApp_ID" version="3.1">
	<display-name>servlet_advanced</display-name>
	<context-param>
		<param-name>copyright</param-name>
		<param-value>梦工厂</param-value>
	</context-param>
	<context-param>
		<param-name>date</param-name>
		<param-value>2021.7.27</param-value>
	</context-param>
</web-app>

ServletContext6.java:

package com.servletcontext;

import java.io.IOException;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

/**
 * Servlet implementation class ServletContext
 */
@WebServlet("/ServletContext")
public class ServletContext6 extends HttpServlet {
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
       
    /**
     * @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()
     */
    public ServletContext6() {
        super();
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    }

	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
	 */
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		ServletContext context=request.getServletContext();
		String copyright =context.getInitParameter("copyright");   //获取全局参数
		String date =context.getInitParameter("date");  
		context.setAttribute("copyright", copyright);
		context.setAttribute("title",date);
		response.getWriter().println("init sucess!");
	}
}

  DefaultIndex.java:

package com.servletcontext;

import java.io.IOException;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

/**
 * Servlet implementation class DefaultIndex
 */
@WebServlet("/DefaultIndex")
public class DefaultIndex extends HttpServlet {
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
       
    /**
     * @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()
     */
    public DefaultIndex() {
        super();
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    }

	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
	 */
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		ServletContext context=request.getServletContext();
		String copyright=(String)context.getAttribute("copyright");
		String title=(String)context.getAttribute("title");
		response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
		response.getWriter().println("<h1>"+title+"</h1>"+copyright);
	}
}

例⑤：

404、500等默认报错页面会暴漏我们程序实现的细节，是不安全的，所以要替换默认报错页面。

404.html:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
   资源不存在!
</body>
</html>

 500.html:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
  服务器内部错误，请联系管理员！
</body>
</html>

package com.pattern;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class PatternServlet extends HttpServlet {
	@Override
	protected void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {
		// 查询员工基本信息
		// 获取当前访问的URL
		String url = request.getRequestURL().toString(); // toString()使返回String型
		System.out.println(url);
		String id = url.substring(url.lastIndexOf("/") + 1); // 从最后一次出现/的位置开始截取.
		int nid=Integer.parseInt(id);
		response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
		PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
		out.println(id);
		if (nid==1) {
			out.println("张三");
		} else if (nid==2) {
			out.println("李四");
		} else {
			out.println("其他员工");
		}
	}
}

web.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
	id="WebApp_ID" version="3.1">
	<display-name>servlet_advanced</display-name>

	<servlet>
		<servlet-name>patternServlet</servlet-name>
		<servlet-class>com.pattern.PatternServlet</servlet-class>
	</servlet>
	<servlet-mapping>
		<servlet-name>patternServlet</servlet-name>
		<url-pattern>/pattern/*</url-pattern> <!-- 所有以pattern开头的地址 -->
	</servlet-mapping>

	<!-- 指定错误页面 -->
	<error-page>
	  <error-code>404</error-code>
	  <location>/error/404.html</location>
	</error-page>
		<error-page>
	  <error-code>500</error-code>
	  <location>/error/500.html</location>
	</error-page>
</web-app>

三、JSP九大内置对象：

• JSP内置对象就是Servlet内置对象的简化版：

JSP九大内置对象

内置对象	描述
request	请求对象——HttpServletRequest
response	响应对象——HttpServletResponse
session	用户会话——HttpSession
application	应用全局对象——ServletContext
out	输出对象——PrintWriter
page	当前页面对象——this
pageContext	页面上下文对象——PageContext
config	应用配置对象——ServletConfig
exception	应用异常对象——Throwable

其他：

• 把 html 页面转换成 jsp 页面，只需在首行写上：

<%@ page contextType="text/html;charset=utf-8%>

• 若写成：

<%@ page contextType="text/html;charset=utf-8" isErrorPage="true"%>

表示当前jsp是显示错误的页面。

例①：built_in_object.jsp：

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
	pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
	<%
		String url = request.getRequestURI().toString(); //HttpServletRequest
		response.getWriter().println(url); //HttpServletResponse
	%>
	<%
		out.println("<br>CXJ");
		session.setAttribute("user", "Isebal");
		out.println((String) session.getAttribute("user"));
	%>
	<%
		String x = application.getInitParameter("date"); //ServletContext.获取web.xml写好的全局参数
		out.println("<hr>");
		out.println(x);
		pageContext.getRequest();
		pageContext.getResponse();
		pageContext.getSession();
		pageContext.getServletContext();
	%>
</body>
</html>

 例②：

500.jsp：

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; utf-8"
    pageEncoding="utf-8" isErrorPage="true"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="ISO-8859-1">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<body>
 服务器内部错误，请联系管理员，错误信息如下：
 <%
 String msg=exception.getMessage();
 out.println("<br>"+exception.getClass().getSimpleName()+":"+msg);
 %>
</body>
</html>

web.xml: 

四、Java Web打包与发布：

见：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_43542011/article/details/119188300