Pyhton的装饰器

对修改是封闭的，对扩展是开放的

实例1：

import time


def decorator(func):
    def wrapper():
        print(time.time())
        func()
    return wrapper

@decorator
def f1():
    print('This is a function...')

def f2():
    print('This is a function...')

# f = decorator(f1)
f1()

运行结果：

1554385061.958526
1554385061.9585474
This is a function...

实例2：

import time


def decorator(func):
    def wrapper():
        print(time.time())
        func()
    return wrapper

@decorator
def f1():
    print('This is a function...')

def f2():
    print('This is a function...')

# f = decorator(f1)
f1()

运行结果：

1554802890.359659
This is a function...

实例3：

import time

def decorator(func):
    def wrapper(*args):
        print(time.time())
        func(*args)
    return wrapper

@decorator
def f1(func_name):
    print('This is a function ' + func_name)

@decorator
def f2(func_name1,func_name2):
    print('This is a function ' + func_name1)
    print('This is a function ' + func_name2)

f1('test')
f2('test1','test2')

运行结果：

1554802964.6736944
This is a function test
1554802964.6737263
This is a function test1
This is a function test2

实例4：

import time


def decorator(func):
    def warpper(*args,**kwargs):
        print(time.time())
        func(*args,**kwargs)
    return warpper


@decorator
def f1(func_name):
    print('This is a function ' + func_name)

@decorator
def f2(func_name1,func_name2):
    print('This is a function ' + func_name1)
    print('This is a function ' + func_name2)

@decorator
def f3(func_name1,func_name2,**kwargs):
    print('This is a function ' + func_name1)
    print('This is a function ' + func_name2)
    print(kwargs)

f1('test')
f2('test1','test2')
f3('test1','test2',a=1,b=2,c='taylor')

运行结果：

1554803043.7450335
This is a function test
1554803043.745059
This is a function test1
This is a function test2
1554803043.745066
This is a function test1
This is a function test2
{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 'taylor'}

实例5：

"""
装饰器实现一个函数计时器
"""
"""
1.问题1:被装饰的函数有返回值
2.问题2:如何保留被装饰函数的函数名和帮助信息文档
"""


import time
import random
import string
import functools

li = [random.choice(string.ascii_letters) for i in range(100)]
print(li)

def Timer(fun):
    """这是一个装饰器Timer"""
    # @functools.wraps(fun)
    def wrapper(*args,**kwargs):
        """这是一个wrapper函数"""
        start_time = time.time()
        res = fun(*args,**kwargs)
        end_time = time.time()
        print('运行时间为: %.5f' %(end_time - start_time))
        return res
    return wrapper

@Timer
def con_add():
    s = ''
    for i in li:
        s += (i + ',')
    print(s)

@Timer
def join_add():
    print(','.join(li))

@Timer
def fun_list(n):
    """这是fun_list函数"""
    return [i * 2 for i in range(n)]

@Timer
def fun_map(n):
    return list(map(lambda x:x*2,range(n)))

# con_add()
# join_add()

# print(fun_list(100))
# print(fun_map(100))

print(fun_list.__doc__)
print(fun_list.__name__)

print(time.ctime())

运行结果：

['y', 'o', 'j', 'r', 'F', 'd', 'c', 's', 'A', 'Y', 'q', 'N', 'y', 'D', 'O', 'S', 'w', 's', 'M', 'H', 'j', 'a', 'A', 'R', 'P', 'O', 'l', 'd', 'y', 'z', 'P', 'I', 'W', 'I', 'F', 'x', 'B', 'y', 'r', 'M', 'q', 'T', 'o', 'I', 'U', 'O', 'E', 'n', 'd', 'x', 'Z', 'D', 'K', 'H', 'D', 'y', 'T', 'J', 'b', 'o', 'Q', 'y', 'm', 'T', 'G', 'k', 'K', 'R', 'n', 'D', 'y', 'R', 'k', 'N', 'I', 'q', 'l', 'x', 'j', 't', 'k', 'V', 't', 'X', 'j', 'd', 'c', 'h', 'V', 'v', 'A', 't', 'q', 'c', 'G', 'Z', 'I', 'N', 'r', 'T']
这是一个wrapper函数
wrapper
Tue Apr  9 17:45:46 2019

实例6：

import time
import functools

def add_log(fun):
    @functools.wraps(fun)
    def wrapper(*args,**kwargs):
        start_time = time.time()
        res = fun(*args,**kwargs)
        end_time = time.time()
        print('[%s] 函数名: %s, 运行时间: %6f,运行返回值结果: %d' %(time.ctime(),fun.__name__,end_time - start_time,res))
        return res
    return wrapper

@add_log
def add(x,y):
    time.sleep(1)
    return x + y

add(1,2)

运行结果：

[Tue Apr  9 17:47:38 2019] 函数名: add, 运行时间: 1.000242,运行返回值结果: 3

实例7：

import functools
import inspect

def is_admin(fun):
    @functools.wraps(fun)
    def wrapper(*args,**kwargs):
        #inspect.getcallargs返回一个字典，key值是形参，value值
        #是对应的实参{'name':'root'}
        inspect_res = inspect.getcallargs(fun,*args,*kwargs)
        print('inspect的返回值: %s' %inspect_res)
        if inspect_res.get('name') == 'root':
            res = fun(*args,**kwargs)
            return res
        else:
            print('not root user!')
    return wrapper

@is_admin
def add_user(name):
    print('添加用户信息...')


def del_user(name):
    print('删除用户信息...')

add_user('root')

运行结果：

inspect的返回值: {'name': 'root'}
添加用户信息...

实例8：

"""
  编写装饰器required_types, 条件如下:
#     1). 当装饰器为@required_types(int,float)确保函数接收到的
每一个参数都是int或者float类型;
#     2). 当装饰器为@required_types(list)确保函数接收到的每一>个参数都是list类型;
#     3). 当装饰器为@required_types(str,int)确保函数接收到的每
一个参数都是str或者int类型;
#     4). 如果参数不满足条件， 打印 TypeError:参数必须为xxxx类
型

"""
import functools


def required_types(*kinds):
    def required_int(fun):
        @functools.wraps(fun)
        def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
            for i in args:
                if not isinstance(i, kinds):
                    # print('TypeError:参数必须为',kinds)
                    # break
                    raise TypeError('参数必须为%s,%s' % kinds)
            else:
                res = fun(*args, **kwargs)
                return res

        return wrapper

    return required_int


@required_types(float, float)
def add(a, b):
    return a + b


print(add(1.1, 2.0))

运行结果：

3.1

实例9：

def decorator_a(fun):
    print('Get in decorator_a')

    def inner_a(*args, **kwargs):
        print('Get in inner_a')
        res = fun(*args, **kwargs)
        return res

    return inner_a


def decorator_b(fun):
    print('Get in decorator_b')

    def inner_b(*args, **kwargs):
        print('Get in inner_b')
        res = fun(*args, **kwargs)
        return res

    return inner_b


@decorator_a
@decorator_b
def f(x):
    print('Get in f')
    return x * 2

f(2)

运行结果：

Get in decorator_b
Get in decorator_a
Get in inner_a
Get in inner_b
Get in f

实例10：

import functools
import inspect

def is_admin(fun):
    @functools.wraps(fun)
    def wrapper(*args,**kwargs):
        #inspect.getcallargs返回一个字典，key值是形参，value值
        #是对应的实参{'name':'root'}
        inspect_res = inspect.getcallargs(fun,*args,*kwargs)
        print('inspect的返回值: %s' %inspect_res)
        if inspect_res.get('name') == 'root':
            res = fun(*args,**kwargs)
            return res
        else:
            print('not root user!')
    return wrapper

login_session = ['root', 'redhat', 'westos']

def is_login(fun):
    @functools.wraps(fun)
    def wrapper(*args,**kwargs):
        if args[0] in login_session:
            res = fun(*args,**kwargs)
            return res
        else:
            print('Error:%s未登录' %args[0])
    return wrapper



@is_login
@is_admin
def add_student(name):
    print('添加学生信息...')

add_student('linux')

运行结果：

Error:linux未登录