文章目录
参考学习网址: http://c.biancheng.net/cpp/socket/
一,网络编程相关结构体
1.WSAData 结构体
typedef struct WSAData {
WORD wVersion; //ws2_32.dll 建议我们使用的版本号
WORD wHighVersion; //ws2_32.dll 支持的最高版本号
//一个以 null 结尾的字符串,用来说明 ws2_32.dll 的实现以及厂商信息
char szDescription[WSADESCRIPTION_LEN+1];
//一个以 null 结尾的字符串,用来说明 ws2_32.dll 的状态以及配置信息
char szSystemStatus[WSASYS_STATUS_LEN+1];
unsigned short iMaxSockets; //2.0以后不再使用
unsigned short iMaxUdpDg; //2.0以后不再使用
char FAR *lpVendorInfo; //2.0以后不再使用
} WSADATA, *LPWSADATA;
2.sockaddr_in 结构体
struct sockaddr_in{
sa_family_t sin_family; //地址族(Address Family),也就是地址类型
uint16_t sin_port; //16位的端口号
struct in_addr sin_addr; //32位IP地址
char sin_zero[8]; //不使用,一般用0填充
};
3.in_addr 结构体
struct in_addr{
in_addr_t s_addr; //32位的IP地址
};
4.sockaddr 结构体
struct sockaddr{
sa_family_t sin_family; //地址族(Address Family),也就是地址类型
char sa_data[14]; //IP地址和端口号
};
结构体之间的关系(in_addr—> sockaddr_in —> sockaddr)
sockaddr_in 和in_addr 两个结构体的关系(将整数转化为字符ip):
s_addr 是一个整数,而IP地址是一个字符串,所以需要 inet_addr() 函数进行转换
eg:
unsigned long ip = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");
printf("%ld\n", ip);
sockaddr 与 sockaddr_in 的对比
二,UDP传输
1.基于UDP(回声服务器端/客户端)
①
回声传输
动态链接库头文件引用+初始化
创建套接字
绑定套接字的ip和端口号
监听
②
发送数据
接受数据
——————————————————————————————————————
服务器端 server.cpp:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <winsock2.h>
#pragma comment (lib, "ws2_32.lib") //加载链接库头文件 ws2_32.dll
#define BUF_SIZE 100
int main(){
WSADATA wsaData;
WSAStartup( MAKEWORD(2, 2), &wsaData);//初始化WSAData 结构体
//创建套接字
SOCKET servSock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
//绑定套接字
sockaddr_in sockAddr;
memset(&sockAddr, 0, sizeof(sockAddr)); //每个字节都用0填充
sockAddr.sin_family = PF_INET; //使用IPv4地址
sockAddr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1"); //具体的IP地址,整数s_addr 字符串IP地址
sockAddr.sin_port = htons(1234); //端口
bind(servSock, (SOCKADDR*)&sockAddr, sizeof(SOCKADDR));
//进入监听状态
listen(servSock, 20);
//接收客户端请求
SOCKADDR clntAddr;
int nSize = sizeof(SOCKADDR);
SOCKET clntSock = accept(servSock, (SOCKADDR*)&clntAddr, &nSize);
char buffer[BUF_SIZE]; //缓冲区
int strLen = recv(clntSock, buffer, BUF_SIZE, 0); //接收客户端发来的数据
send(clntSock, buffer, strLen, 0); //将数据原样返回
//关闭套接字
closesocket(clntSock);
closesocket(servSock);
//终止 DLL 的使用
WSACleanup();
return 0;
}
客户端 client.cpp:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <WinSock2.h>
#pragma comment(lib, "ws2_32.lib") //加载 ws2_32.dll
#define BUF_SIZE 100
int main(){
//初始化DLL
WSADATA wsaData;
WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 2), &wsaData);
//创建套接字
SOCKET sock = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP);
//向服务器发起请求
sockaddr_in sockAddr;
memset(&sockAddr, 0, sizeof(sockAddr)); //每个字节都用0填充
sockAddr.sin_family = PF_INET;
sockAddr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");
sockAddr.sin_port = htons(1234);
connect(sock, (SOCKADDR*)&sockAddr, sizeof(SOCKADDR));
//获取用户输入的字符串并发送给服务器
char bufSend[BUF_SIZE] = {0};
printf("Input a string: ");
scanf("%s", bufSend);
send(sock, bufSend, strlen(bufSend), 0);
//接收服务器传回的数据
char bufRecv[BUF_SIZE] = {0};
recv(sock, bufRecv, BUF_SIZE, 0);
//输出接收到的数据
printf("Message form server: %s\n", bufRecv);
//关闭套接字
closesocket(sock);
//终止使用 DLL
WSACleanup();
system("pause");
return 0;
}
2.基于UDP编程(服务器端持续监听客户端的请求)
服务器端 server.cpp:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <winsock2.h>
#pragma comment (lib, "ws2_32.lib") //加载 ws2_32.dll
#define BUF_SIZE 100
int main(){
WSADATA wsaData;
WSAStartup( MAKEWORD(2, 2), &wsaData);
//创建套接字
SOCKET sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
//绑定套接字
sockaddr_in servAddr;
memset(&servAddr, 0, sizeof(servAddr)); //每个字节都用0填充
servAddr.sin_family = PF_INET; //使用IPv4地址
servAddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY); //自动获取IP地址
servAddr.sin_port = htons(1234); //端口
bind(sock, (SOCKADDR*)&servAddr, sizeof(SOCKADDR));
//接收客户端请求
SOCKADDR clntAddr; //客户端地址信息
int nSize = sizeof(SOCKADDR);
char buffer[BUF_SIZE]; //缓冲区
while(1){
int strLen = recvfrom(sock, buffer, BUF_SIZE, 0, &clntAddr, &nSize);
sendto(sock, buffer, strLen, 0, &clntAddr, nSize);
}
closesocket(sock);
WSACleanup();
return 0;
}
客户端 client.cpp:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <WinSock2.h>
#pragma comment(lib, "ws2_32.lib") //加载 ws2_32.dll
#define BUF_SIZE 100
int main(){
//初始化DLL
WSADATA wsaData;
WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 2), &wsaData);
//创建套接字
SOCKET sock = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
//服务器地址信息
sockaddr_in servAddr;
memset(&servAddr, 0, sizeof(servAddr)); //每个字节都用0填充
servAddr.sin_family = PF_INET;
servAddr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");
servAddr.sin_port = htons(1234);
//不断获取用户输入并发送给服务器,然后接受服务器数据
sockaddr fromAddr;
int addrLen = sizeof(fromAddr);
while(1){
char buffer[BUF_SIZE] = {0};
printf("Input a string: ");
gets(buffer);
sendto(sock, buffer, strlen(buffer), 0, (struct sockaddr*)&servAddr, sizeof(servAddr));
int strLen = recvfrom(sock, buffer, BUF_SIZE, 0, &fromAddr, &addrLen);
buffer[strLen] = 0;
printf("Message form server: %s\n", buffer);
}
closesocket(sock);
WSACleanup();
return 0;
}
三,TCP传输
1.TCP实现文件传输
服务器端 server.cpp:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <winsock2.h>
#pragma comment (lib, "ws2_32.lib") //加载 ws2_32.dll
#define BUF_SIZE 1024
int main(){
//先检查文件是否存在
char *filename = "D:\\send.avi"; //文件名
FILE *fp = fopen(filename, "rb"); //以二进制方式打开文件
if(fp == NULL){
printf("Cannot open file, press any key to exit!\n");
system("pause");
exit(0);
}
WSADATA wsaData;
WSAStartup( MAKEWORD(2, 2), &wsaData);
SOCKET servSock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
sockaddr_in sockAddr;
memset(&sockAddr, 0, sizeof(sockAddr));
sockAddr.sin_family = PF_INET;
sockAddr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");
sockAddr.sin_port = htons(1234);
bind(servSock, (SOCKADDR*)&sockAddr, sizeof(SOCKADDR));
listen(servSock, 20);
SOCKADDR clntAddr;
int nSize = sizeof(SOCKADDR);
SOCKET clntSock = accept(servSock, (SOCKADDR*)&clntAddr, &nSize);
//循环发送数据,直到文件结尾
char buffer[BUF_SIZE] = {0}; //缓冲区
int nCount;
while( (nCount = fread(buffer, 1, BUF_SIZE, fp)) > 0 ){
send(clntSock, buffer, nCount, 0);
}
shutdown(clntSock, SD_SEND); //文件读取完毕,断开输出流,向客户端发送FIN包
recv(clntSock, buffer, BUF_SIZE, 0); //阻塞,等待客户端接收完毕
fclose(fp);
closesocket(clntSock);
closesocket(servSock);
WSACleanup();
system("pause");
return 0;
}
客户端代码client.cpp:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <WinSock2.h>
#pragma comment(lib, "ws2_32.lib")
#define BUF_SIZE 1024
int main(){
//先输入文件名,看文件是否能创建成功
char filename[100] = {0}; //文件名
printf("Input filename to save: ");
gets(filename);
FILE *fp = fopen(filename, "wb"); //以二进制方式打开(创建)文件
if(fp == NULL){
printf("Cannot open file, press any key to exit!\n");
system("pause");
exit(0);
}
WSADATA wsaData;
WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 2), &wsaData);
SOCKET sock = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP);
sockaddr_in sockAddr;
memset(&sockAddr, 0, sizeof(sockAddr));
sockAddr.sin_family = PF_INET;
sockAddr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");
sockAddr.sin_port = htons(1234);
connect(sock, (SOCKADDR*)&sockAddr, sizeof(SOCKADDR));
//循环接收数据,直到文件传输完毕
char buffer[BUF_SIZE] = {0}; //文件缓冲区
int nCount;
while( (nCount = recv(sock, buffer, BUF_SIZE, 0)) > 0 ){
fwrite(buffer, nCount, 1, fp);
}
puts("File transfer success!");
//文件接收完毕后直接关闭套接字,无需调用shutdown()
fclose(fp);
closesocket(sock);
WSACleanup();
system("pause");
return 0;
}