JDBC——BasicDAO

为什么要有 BasicDAO

apache-dbutils + Druid 简化了 JDBC 开发，但还有不足：

1. SQL语句是固定，不能通过参数传入，通用性不好，需要进行改进，更方便执行增删改查
2. 对于 select 操作，如果有返回值，返回类型不能固定，需要使用泛型
3. 将来的表很多，业务需求复杂，不可能只靠一个 Java 类完成
4. BasicDAO 示意图
   

基本说明

DAO：Data Access Object 数据访问对象

1. 这样的通用类，称为 BasicDao ，是专门和数据库交互的，即完成对数据库(表)的 crud 操作
2. 在 BaiscDao 的基础上，实现一张表对应一个 Dao，更好的完成功能，比如 Customer表 --- Customer.java类(javabean) --- CustomerDao.java

BasicDAO 应用实例

完成一个简单设计 dao_

1. dao_.utils：// 工具类
2. dao_.domain：// javabean
3. dao_.dao：// 存放 XxxDAO 和 BasicDAO
4. dao_.test：// 写测试类

目录结构

ActorDAO 类

package dao_.dao;

/**
 * @Author: Gin
 * @Description:
 * @Modified By: Gin
 * @Date: Created in 19:24 2021/9/15
 */
public class ActorDAO extends BasicDAO{
    // 1. ActorDAO 类中含有 BasicDAO 类中的所有方法
    // 2. 可以根据业务逻辑添加新的方法
}

BasicDAO 类

package dao_.dao;

import dao_.utils.JDBCUtilsByDruid;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.QueryRunner;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.BeanHandler;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.BeanListHandler;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.ScalarHandler;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * @Author: Gin
 * @Description: BasicDAO：其他 DAO 类的父类
 * @Modified By: Gin
 * @Date: Created in 18:54 2021/9/15
 */
public class BasicDAO<T> {

    private QueryRunner queryRunner = new QueryRunner();

    // 开发通用的 DML 方法，针对任意的表
    public int update(String sql, Object... parameters){
        Connection connection = null;
        try{
            connection = JDBCUtilsByDruid.getConnection();
            int rows = queryRunner.update(connection, sql, parameters);
            return rows;
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            // 将编译异常转为运行异常抛出
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        } finally {
            JDBCUtilsByDruid.close(null, null, connection);
        }
    }

    // 返回多个对象（即查询的结果是多行的），针对任意表
    /**
     * @param sql：SQL语句，可以有 ?
     * @param tClass：传入一个类的 Class 对象，比如 Actor.class
     * @param parameters：传入 ? 的具体值，可以有多个
     * @return 根据 Actor.class 返回对应的 ArrayList 集合
     */
    public List<T> queryMultiple(String sql, Class<T> tClass, Object... parameters){
        Connection connection = null;
        try{
            connection = JDBCUtilsByDruid.getConnection();
            List<T> query = queryRunner.query(connection, sql, new BeanListHandler<>(tClass), parameters);
            return query;
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            // 将编译异常转为运行异常
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        } finally {
            JDBCUtilsByDruid.close(null, null, connection);
        }
    }

    // 查询单行结果
    public T querySingle(String sql, Class<T> tClass, Object... parameters){
        Connection connection = null;
        try{
            connection = JDBCUtilsByDruid.getConnection();
            T query = queryRunner.query(connection, sql, new BeanHandler<>(tClass), parameters);
            return query;
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        } finally {
            JDBCUtilsByDruid.close(null, null, connection);
        }
    }

    // 查询单行单列的方法，即返回的是单个值的方法
    public Object queryScalar(String sql, Object... parameters){
        Connection connection = null;
        try{
            connection = JDBCUtilsByDruid.getConnection();
            Object query = queryRunner.query(connection, sql, new ScalarHandler(), parameters);
            return query;
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        } finally {
            JDBCUtilsByDruid.close(null, null, connection);
        }
    }


}

Actor 类

package dao_.domain;

import java.util.Date;

/**
 * @Author: Gin
 * @Description:
 * @Modified By: Gin
 * @Date: Created in 18:52 2021/9/15
 */
public class Actor {

    private Integer id;
    private String name;
    private String sex;
    private Date borndate;
    private String phone;

    // 无参构造器
    // 全参数构造器
    // get/set 方法
    // toString 方法
    // HashCode&equals

TestDAO 类

package dao_.test;

import dao_.dao.ActorDAO;
import dao_.domain.Actor;
import org.junit.Test;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * @Author: Gin
 * @Description:
 * @Modified By: Gin
 * @Date: Created in 19:25 2021/9/15
 */
public class TestDAO {

    @Test
    public void testActorDAO(){
        // 获取 actorDAO 对象
        ActorDAO actorDAO = new ActorDAO();

        // 1. 查询多条语句
        List<Actor> list = actorDAO.queryMultiple("select * from actor where id >= ?", Actor.class, 1);
        System.out.println("===查询多条语句结果如下===");
        for (Actor actor : list) {
            System.out.println(actor);
        }

        // 2. 查询单行语句
        Actor actor = (Actor) actorDAO.querySingle("select * from actor where id = ?", Actor.class, 3);
        System.out.println("===查询单行语句的结果如下===");
        System.out.println(actor);

        // 3. 查询单行单列
        Object o = actorDAO.querySingle("select name from actor where id = ?", Actor.class, 2);
        System.out.println("===查询单行单列的结果如下===");
        System.out.println(o);

        // 4. DML 操作
        int rows = actorDAO.update("insert into actor values(null, ?, ?, ?, ?)",
                "Vermouth", "女", "1968-12-24", "4869");
        System.out.println(rows > 0 ? "修改成功" : "修改无效");
    }

}

JDBCUtilsByDruid

package dao_.utils;

import com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSourceFactory;

import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
import java.util.Properties;

/**
 * @Author: Gin
 * @Description:
 * @Modified By: Gin
 * @Date: Created in 17:00 2021/9/15
 */
public class JDBCUtilsByDruid {

    private static DataSource dataSource;

    // 在静态块中完成对 DataSource 的初始化
    static {
        Properties properties = new Properties();
        try{
            properties.load(new FileInputStream("src\\druid.properties"));
            dataSource = DruidDataSourceFactory.createDataSource(properties);
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    // 获取 Connection 连接
    public static Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
        return dataSource.getConnection();
    }

    // 放回连接
    public static void close(ResultSet resultSet, Statement statement, Connection connection){
        // 判断是否为空
        try{
            if(resultSet != null){
                resultSet.close();
            }
            if(statement != null){
                statement.close();
            }
            if(connection != null){
                connection.close();
            }
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

}