Java并发编程——阻塞队列(BlockingQueue)

阻塞队列（BlockingQueue）是一个支持两个附加操作的队列。这两个附加的操作是：在队列为空时，获取元素的线程会等待队列变为非空。当队列满时，存储元素的线程会等待队列可用。阻塞队列常用于生产者和消费者的场景，生产者是往队列里添加元素的线程，消费者是从队列里拿元素的线程。阻塞队列就是生产者存放元素的容器，而消费者也只从容器里拿元素。
以下所有测试使用的队列长度为3

一、抛出异常

1.添加：add()

使用add()方法向队列中添加元素，若多添加，会报java.lang.IllegalStateException: Queue full异常。

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        test1();
    }
    //抛出异常
    public static void test1() {
        ArrayBlockingQueue blockingQueue=new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(3);
        System.out.println(blockingQueue.add("a"));
        System.out.println(blockingQueue.add("b"));
        System.out.println(blockingQueue.add("c"));
        System.out.println(blockingQueue.add("d"));
    }
}

2.移除：remove()

使用remove()方法向队列中移除元素，若多移除，会报java.util.NoSuchElementException异常。

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        test1();
    }
    //抛出异常
    public static void test1() {
        ArrayBlockingQueue blockingQueue=new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(3);
        System.out.println(blockingQueue.add("a"));
        System.out.println(blockingQueue.add("b"));
        System.out.println(blockingQueue.add("c"));
        System.out.println("===============");
        blockingQueue.remove();
        blockingQueue.remove();
        blockingQueue.remove();
        blockingQueue.remove();
    }
}

二、有返回值，不抛出异常

1.添加：offer()

使用offer()方法向队列中添加元素，若多添加，会返回false。

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        test2();
    }

    //有返回值，不抛出异常
    public static void test2() {
        ArrayBlockingQueue blockingQueue=new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(3);
        System.out.println(blockingQueue.offer("a"));
        System.out.println(blockingQueue.offer("b"));
        System.out.println(blockingQueue.offer("c"));
        System.out.println(blockingQueue.offer("d"));
    }
}

2.移除：poll()

使用poll()方法向队列中移除元素，若多移除会返回null

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        test2();
    }

    //有返回值，不抛出异常
    public static void test2() {
        ArrayBlockingQueue blockingQueue=new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(3);
        System.out.println(blockingQueue.offer("a"));
        System.out.println(blockingQueue.offer("b"));
        System.out.println(blockingQueue.offer("c"));
        System.out.println("===============");
        System.out.println(blockingQueue.poll());
        System.out.println(blockingQueue.poll());
        System.out.println(blockingQueue.poll());
        System.out.println(blockingQueue.poll());
    }
}

三、阻塞等待

1.添加：put()

使用put()方法向队列中添加元素，若多添加，就会阻塞，一直等待下去。

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        test3();
    }
    //阻塞等待
    public static void test3() throws InterruptedException {
        ArrayBlockingQueue blockingQueue=new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(3);
        blockingQueue.put("a");
        blockingQueue.put("b");
        blockingQueue.put("c");
        blockingQueue.put("d");
    }
}

2.移除：take()

使用take()方法向队列中移除元素，若多移除会一直等待。

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        test3();
    }
    //阻塞等待
    public static void test3() throws InterruptedException {
        ArrayBlockingQueue blockingQueue=new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(3);
        blockingQueue.put("a");
        blockingQueue.put("b");
        blockingQueue.put("c");
        System.out.println("===============");
        System.out.println(blockingQueue.take());
        System.out.println(blockingQueue.take());
        System.out.println(blockingQueue.take());
        System.out.println(blockingQueue.take());
    }
}

四、超时等待

1.添加：offer(E e, long timeout, TimeUnit unit)

使用offer()方法向队列中添加元素，设置超时时间，若多添加且超过时间，会返回false。

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        test4();
    }

    //超时等待
    public static void test4() throws InterruptedException {
        ArrayBlockingQueue blockingQueue=new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(3);
        System.out.println(blockingQueue.offer("a"));
        System.out.println(blockingQueue.offer("b"));
        System.out.println(blockingQueue.offer("c"));
        System.out.println(blockingQueue.offer("d",2, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
    }
}

2.移除：poll()

使用poll()方法向队列中移除元素，设置超时时间，若多移除且超过时间会返回null

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        test4();
    }

    //超时等待
    public static void test4() throws InterruptedException {
        ArrayBlockingQueue blockingQueue=new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(3);
        System.out.println(blockingQueue.offer("a"));
        System.out.println(blockingQueue.offer("b"));
        System.out.println(blockingQueue.offer("c"));
        System.out.println("===============");
        System.out.println(blockingQueue.poll());
        System.out.println(blockingQueue.poll());
        System.out.println(blockingQueue.poll());
        System.out.println(blockingQueue.poll(2,TimeUnit.SECONDS));
    }
}