一、docker安装RabbitMQ
cd /opt/rabbitmq
mkdir data
# 拉取镜像
docker pull rabbitmq
# 查看镜像
docker images
# 拉取镜像到本地仓库,这里是直接安装最新的,
# 如果需要安装其他版本在rabbitmq后面跟上版本号即可
# docker pull rabbitmq
# 启动rabbitMq
docker run -d \
-v /opt/rabbitmq/data:/var/lib/rabbitmq \
-p 5672:5672 -p 15672:15672 --name rabbitmq --restart=always \
--hostname myRabbit rabbitmq:3-management
# 启动rabbitmq_management, rabbitmq 为容器的名称,使用id也可以
docker exec -it rabbitmq rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_management
# ip+端口号登录,用户名和密码默认都是guest
浏览器访问http://ip:15672
初始账号密码 guest guest
官方使用docker安装的方式
这里直接设置了用户名和密码,而不再需要进入到容器内部设置。
如果您希望更改guest/的默认用户名和密码guest,可以使用RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_USER和RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_PASS环境变量进行更改
$ docker run -d --hostname my-rabbit --name some-rabbit -e RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_USER=user -e RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_PASS=password rabbitmq:3-management
二、RabbitMQ用户管理
2.1 逻辑结构
- 用户
- 虚拟主机
- 队列
2.2 用户管理
2.2.1 命令行用户管理
-
在linux中使用命令行创建用户
## 进入到rabbit_mq的sbin目录 cd /usr/local/rabbitmq_server-3.7.0/sbin ## 新增用户 ./rabbitmqctl add_user ytao admin123
-
设置用户级别
## 用户级别: ## 1.administrator 可以登录控制台、查看所有信息、可以对RabbitMQ进行管理 ## 2.monitoring 监控者 登录控制台、查看所有信息 ## 3.policymaker 策略制定者 登录控制台、指定策略 ## 4.managment 普通管理员 登录控制台 ./rabbitmqctl set_user_tags ytao administrator
2.2.2 管理系统进行用户管理
-
管理系统登录:访问http://47.96.11.185:15672/
1.新增用户
2.创建虚拟主机 |
---|
3.删除用户 |
4.用户绑定虚拟主机 |
---|
三、RabbitMQ工作模式
RabbitMQ提供了多种消息的通信方式—工作模式
https://www.rabbitmq.com/getstarted.html
消息通信是由两个角色完成:消息生产者(producer)和 消息消费者(Consumer)
3.1 简单模式
一个队列只有一个消费者
生产者将消息发送到队列,消费者从队列取出数据
3.2 工作模式
多个消费者监听同一个队列
多个消费者监听同一个队列,但多个消费者中只有一个消费者会成功的消费消息 |
3.3 订阅模式
一个交换机绑定多个消息队列,每个消息队列有一个消费者监听
消息生产者发送的消息可以被每一个消费者接收 |
3.4 路由模式
一个交换机绑定多个消息队列,每个消息队列都由自己唯一的key,每个消息队列有一个消费者监听
四、RabbitMQ交换机和队列管理
4.1 创建队列
4.2 创建交换机
4.3 交换机绑定队列
五、在普通的Maven应用中使用MQ
RabbitMQ队列结构 |
---|
5.1简单模式
5.1.1 消息生产者
-
创建Maven项目
-
添加RabbitMQ连接所需要的依赖
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.rabbitmq/amqp-client --> <dependency> <groupId>com.rabbitmq</groupId> <artifactId>amqp-client</artifactId> <version>4.10.0</version> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.slf4j/slf4j-log4j12 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId> <version>1.7.25</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.commons/commons-lang3 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId> <artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId> <version>3.9</version> </dependency>
-
在resources目录下创建log4j.properties
log4j.rootLogger=DEBUG,A1 log4j.logger.com.taotao = DEBUG log4j.logger.org.mybatis = DEBUG log4j.appender.A1=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender log4j.appender.A1.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout log4j.appender.A1.layout.ConversionPattern=%-d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss,SSS} [%t] [%c]-[%p] %m%n
-
创建MQ连接帮助类
package com.qfedu.mq.utils; import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection; import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException; public class ConnectionUtil { public static Connection getConnection() throws IOException, TimeoutException { //1.创建连接工厂 ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory(); //2.在工厂对象中设置MQ的连接信息(ip,port,virtualhost,username,password) factory.setHost("47.96.11.185"); factory.setPort(5672); factory.setVirtualHost("host1"); factory.setUsername("ytao"); factory.setPassword("admin123"); //3.通过工厂对象获取与MQ的链接 Connection connection = factory.newConnection(); return connection; } }
-
消息生产者发送消息
package com.qfedu.mq.service; import com.qfedu.mq.utils.ConnectionUtil; import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel; import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection; public class SendMsg { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{ String msg = "Hello HuangDaoJun!"; Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection(); Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); //定义队列(使用Java代码在MQ中新建一个队列) //参数1:定义的队列名称 //参数2:队列中的数据是否持久化(如果选择了持久化) //参数3: 是否排外(当前队列是否为当前连接私有) //参数4:自动删除(当此队列的连接数为0时,此队列会销毁(无论队列中是否还有数据)) //参数5:设置当前队列的参数 //channel.queueDeclare("queue7",false,false,false,null); //参数1:交换机名称,如果直接发送信息到队列,则交换机名称为"" //参数2:目标队列名称 //参数3:设置当前这条消息的属性(设置过期时间 10) //参数4:消息的内容 channel.basicPublish("","queue7",null,msg.getBytes()); System.out.println("发送:" + msg); channel.close(); connection.close(); } }
5.1.2 消息消费者
-
创建Maven项目
-
添加依赖
-
log4j.properties
-
ConnetionUtil.java
-
消费者消费消息
package com.qfedu.mq.service; import com.qfedu.mq.utils.ConnectionUtil; import com.rabbitmq.client.*; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException; public class ReceiveMsg { public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException { Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection(); Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel){ @Override public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException { //body就是从队列中获取的数据 String msg = new String(body); System.out.println("接收:"+msg); } }; channel.basicConsume("queue1",true,consumer); } }
5.2 工作模式
一个发送者多个消费者
5.2.1 发送者
public class SendMsg {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
System.out.println("请输入消息:");
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
String msg = null;
while(!"quit".equals(msg = scanner.nextLine())){
Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
channel.basicPublish("","queue2",null,msg.getBytes());
System.out.println("发送:" + msg);
channel.close();
connection.close();
}
}
}
5.2.2 消费者1
public class ReceiveMsg {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel){
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
//body就是从队列中获取的数据
String msg = new String(body);
System.out.println("Consumer1接收:"+msg);
if("wait".equals(msg)){
try {
Thread.sleep(10000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
};
channel.basicConsume("queue2",true,consumer);
}
}
5.2.3 消费者2
public class ReceiveMsg {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel){
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
//body就是从队列中获取的数据
String msg = new String(body);
System.out.println("Consumer2接收:"+msg);
}
};
channel.basicConsume("queue2",true,consumer);
}
}
5.3 订阅模式
5.3.1 发送者 发送消息到交换机
public class SendMsg {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
System.out.println("请输入消息:");
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
String msg = null;
while(!"quit".equals(msg = scanner.nextLine())){
Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
channel.basicPublish("ex1","",null,msg.getBytes());
System.out.println("发送:" + msg);
channel.close();
connection.close();
}
}
}
5.3.2 消费者1
public class ReceiveMsg1 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel){
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
//body就是从队列中获取的数据
String msg = new String(body);
System.out.println("Consumer1接收:"+msg);
if("wait".equals(msg)){
try {
Thread.sleep(10000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
};
channel.basicConsume("queue3",true,consumer);
}
}
5.3.3 消费者2
public class ReceiveMsg2 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel){
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
//body就是从队列中获取的数据
String msg = new String(body);
System.out.println("Consumer2接收:"+msg);
}
};
channel.basicConsume("queue4",true,consumer);
}
}
5.4 路由模式
5.4.1 发送者 发送消息到交换机
public class SendMsg {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
System.out.println("请输入消息:");
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
String msg = null;
while(!"quit".equals(msg = scanner.nextLine())){
Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
if(msg.startsWith("a")){
channel.basicPublish("ex2","a",null,msg.getBytes());
}else if(msg.startsWith("b")){
channel.basicPublish("ex2","b",null,msg.getBytes());
}
System.out.println("发送:" + msg);
channel.close();
connection.close();
}
}
}
5.4.2 消费者1
public class ReceiveMsg1 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel){
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
//body就是从队列中获取的数据
String msg = new String(body);
System.out.println("Consumer1接收:"+msg);
if("wait".equals(msg)){
try {
Thread.sleep(10000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
};
channel.basicConsume("queue5",true,consumer);
}
}
5.4.3 消费者2
public class ReceiveMsg2 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel){
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
//body就是从队列中获取的数据
String msg = new String(body);
System.out.println("Consumer2接收:"+msg);
}
};
channel.basicConsume("queue6",true,consumer);
}
}
六、在SpringBoot应用中使用MQ
SpringBoot应用可以完成自动配置及依赖注入——可以通过Spring直接提供与MQ的连接对象
6.1 消息生产者
-
创建SpringBoot应用,添加依赖
-
| |
| ---------------------------------------- |
|| -
配置application.yml
server: port: 9001 spring: application: name: producer rabbitmq: host: 47.96.11.185 port: 5672 virtual-host: host1 username: ytao password: admin123
-
发送消息
@Service public class TestService { @Resource private AmqpTemplate amqpTemplate; public void sendMsg(String msg){ //1. 发送消息到队列 amqpTemplate.convertAndSend("queue1",msg); //2. 发送消息到交换机(订阅交换机) amqpTemplate.convertAndSend("ex1","",msg); //3. 发送消息到交换机(路由交换机) amqpTemplate.convertAndSend("ex2","a",msg); } }
6.2 消息消费者
-
创建项目添加依赖
-
配置yml
-
接收消息
@Service //@RabbitListener(queues = {"queue1","queue2"}) @RabbitListener(queues = "queue1") public class ReceiveMsgService { @RabbitHandler public void receiveMsg(String msg){ System.out.println("接收MSG:"+msg); } //@RabbitHandler //public void receiveMsg(byte[] bs){ // //} }
END:
- RabbitMQ用户、交换机、队列管理
- 基于普通Maven项目整合使用RabbitMQ(四种模式)
- 基于SpringBoot应用整合使用RabbitMQ(四种模式)