Android学习笔记（Android Studio） 7-2 File 轻量数据存储（数据存储）

Android学习笔记7-2

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7-2 File

7-2-1 Android存储概念

内部存储

外部存储

7-2-2 File 内部存储

• FileOutputStream FileInputStream

• activity_file.xml

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
    <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:orientation="vertical"
        android:padding="15dp">
    
        <EditText
            android:id="@+id/et_name"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:hint="输入内容"/>
    
        <Button
            android:id="@+id/btn_save"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_marginTop="10dp"
            android:text="保存"/>
    
        <Button
            android:id="@+id/btn_show"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_marginTop="10dp"
            android:text="显示"/>
    
        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/tv_content"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_marginTop="10dp"/>
    </LinearLayout>
  

• 效果
  

• FileActivity.java

    package com.ylw.helloworld.datastorage;
    
    import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
    
    
    import android.os.Bundle;
    import android.view.View;
    import android.widget.Button;
    import android.widget.EditText;
    import android.widget.TextView;
    
    import com.ylw.helloworld.R;
    
    import java.io.FileInputStream;
    import java.io.FileOutputStream;
    import java.io.IOException;
    
    public class FileActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    
        private EditText mEtName;
        private Button mBtnSave,mBtnShow;
        private TextView mTvContent;
        private final String mFileName = "test.txt";
    
        @Override
        protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
            setContentView(R.layout.activity_file);
    
            mEtName = findViewById(R.id.et_name);
            mBtnSave = findViewById(R.id.btn_save);
            mBtnShow = findViewById(R.id.btn_show);
            mTvContent = findViewById(R.id.tv_content);
    
            mBtnSave.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
                @Override
                public void onClick(View v) {
                    save(mEtName.getText().toString());
                }
            });
            mBtnShow.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
                @Override
                public void onClick(View v) {
                    mTvContent.setText(read());
                }
            });
        }
    
        //用来存储数据
        private void save(String content){
            FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = null;
            try {
                fileOutputStream = openFileOutput(mFileName,MODE_PRIVATE);
                fileOutputStream.write(content.getBytes());
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } finally {
                if (fileOutputStream != null) {
                    try {
                        fileOutputStream.close();
                    } catch (IOException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    
        //如来读取数据
        private String read(){
            FileInputStream fileInputStream = null;
            try {
                fileInputStream = openFileInput(mFileName);
                byte[] buff = new byte[1024];   //每次读取1024个字节
                StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("");
                int len = 0;
                while( (len=fileInputStream.read(buff))>0){ //把读取到的字节进行拼接
                    sb.append(new String(buff,0,len));
                }
                return sb.toString();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } finally {
                if (fileInputStream != null){
                    try{
                        fileInputStream.close();
                    } catch (IOException e){
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            }
            return null;
        }
    }
  

• 效果
  

7-2-3 File 外部储存

和上面相比更改了几行代码，xml文件是一样的

• FileActivity.java

    package com.ylw.helloworld.datastorage;
    
    import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
    
    
    import android.os.Bundle;
    import android.os.Environment;
    import android.view.View;
    import android.widget.Button;
    import android.widget.EditText;
    import android.widget.TextView;
    
    import com.ylw.helloworld.R;
    
    import java.io.File;
    import java.io.FileInputStream;
    import java.io.FileOutputStream;
    import java.io.IOException;
    
    public class FileActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    
        private EditText mEtName;
        private Button mBtnSave,mBtnShow;
        private TextView mTvContent;
        private final String mFileName = "test.txt";
    
        @Override
        protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
            setContentView(R.layout.activity_file);
    
            mEtName = findViewById(R.id.et_name);
            mBtnSave = findViewById(R.id.btn_save);
            mBtnShow = findViewById(R.id.btn_show);
            mTvContent = findViewById(R.id.tv_content);
    
            mBtnSave.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
                @Override
                public void onClick(View v) {
                    save(mEtName.getText().toString());
                }
            });
            mBtnShow.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
                @Override
                public void onClick(View v) {
                    mTvContent.setText(read());
                }
            });
        }
    
        //用来存储数据
        private void save(String content){
            FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = null;
            try {
     //           fileOutputStream = openFileOutput(mFileName,MODE_PRIVATE);//内部存储
                //在SD卡里寻找文件夹
                File dir = new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory(),"ylw");
                if (!dir.exists()){
                    dir.mkdirs();
                    //找不到就创建，mkdirs和mkdir的区别是，前一个可以创建多个文件夹,如"ylw/a/b"，可以创建这三个文件夹
                }
                File file = new File(dir,mFileName);
                if (!file.exists()){
                    file.createNewFile();   //找不到文件就创建文件
                }
                fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(file);//外部存储写到这，替换上面的一行内部存储
    
                fileOutputStream.write(content.getBytes());
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } finally {
                if (fileOutputStream != null) {
                    try {
                        fileOutputStream.close();
                    } catch (IOException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    
        //如来读取数据
        private String read(){
            FileInputStream fileInputStream = null;
            try {
    //            fileInputStream = openFileInput(mFileName);//内部读取
    
                //在...的路径下，有一个名为mFileName的文件。File.separator+"ylw"相当于"/ylw"
                File file = new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getAbsolutePath()+File.separator+"ylw",mFileName);
                fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(file);//内部读取写到这，替换上面的一行外部读取
    
                byte[] buff = new byte[1024];   //每次读取1024个字节
                StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("");
                int len = 0;
                while( (len=fileInputStream.read(buff))>0){ //把读取到的字节进行拼接
                    sb.append(new String(buff,0,len));
                }
                return sb.toString();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } finally {
                if (fileInputStream != null){
                    try{
                        fileInputStream.close();
                    } catch (IOException e){
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            }
            return null;
        }
    }
  

• 在AndroidManifest.xml中添加向SD卡写入的权限

    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>
    第二个是外加SD卡权限，现在不常用了，可写可不写。
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.MOUNT_UNMOUNT_FILESYSTEMS"/>
  

• 在MainActivity里onCreate方法中请求权限

    //请求权限
    ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this,new String[]{Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE},1);
  

• 效果图和上面一样，这里就不展示了