Python PEP8 代码规范常见问题及解决方法

Python 的 PEP8 代码规范，所以将常见的 PEP8 代码规范问题和解决方法记录一下，学习一下，遇到了再持续更新，养成良好的习惯，编写规范的代码！

PEP 8: no newline at end of file

解决方法：代码末尾需要另起一行，光标移到最后回车即可

• PEP 8: indentation is not a multiple of four
  解决方法：缩进不是4的倍数，检查缩进

• PEP 8: over-indented
  解决方法：过度缩进，检查缩进

• PEP 8: missing whitespace after’,’
  解决方法：逗号后面少了空格，添加空格即可，类似还有分号或者冒号后面少了空格

• PEP 8: multiple imports on one line
  解决方法：不要在一句 import 中引用多个库，举例：import socket, urllib.error最好写成：import socket import urllib.error

• PEP 8: blank line at end of line
  解决方法：代码末尾行多了空格，删除空格即可

• PEP 8: at least two spaces before inline comment
  解决方法：代码与注释之间至少要有两个空格

• PEP 8: block comment should start with ‘#’
  解决方法：注释要以#加一个空格开始

• PEP 8: inline comment should start with ‘#’
  解决方法：注释要以#加一个空格开始

• PEP 8: module level import not at top of file
  解决方法：import不在文件的最上面，可能之前还有其它代码

• PEP 8: expected 2 blank lines，found 0
  解决方法：需要两条空白行，添加两个空白行即可

• PEP 8: function name should be lowercase
  解决方法：函数名改成小写即可

• PEP 8: missing whitespace around operator
  解决方法：操作符（’=’、’>’、’<'等）前后缺少空格，加上即可

• PEP 8: unexpected spaces around keyword / parameter equals
  解决方法：关键字/参数等号周围出现意外空格，去掉空格即可

• PEP 8: multiple statements on one line (colon)
  解决方法：多行语句写到一行了，比如：if x == 2: print('OK')要分成两行写

• PEP 8: line too long (82 > 79 characters)
  解决方法：超过了每行的最大长度限制79

• PEP 8: Simplify chained comparison
  可简化连锁比较（例如：if a >= 0 and a <= 9: 可以简写为：if 0 <= a <= 9:）

• ---

  如果想要选择性忽略PEP8代码风格的警告信息可以使用以下方法：（养成良好的习惯，编写规范的代码！不推荐忽略！）

  ①将鼠标移到出现警告信息的地方，按 alt+Enter，选择忽略（Ignore）这个错误即可：
  
  ②依次选择 File - Settings - Editor - Inspections，在 Python下找到 PEP8 coding style violation 选项，在右下角的 Ignore errors 里点击加号可以添加需要忽略的警告信息ID（ID信息见后面附录），例如想要忽略indentation contains mixed spaces and tabs这个警告，只需要添加其ID：E101 即可
  
  附录：全部警告信息以及对应的ID，官方地址：https://pep8.readthedocs.io/en/latest/intro.html#error-codes

  code	sample message
  E1	Indentation
  E101	indentation contains mixed spaces and tabs
  E111	indentation is not a multiple of four
  E112	expected an indented block
  E113	unexpected indentation
  E114	indentation is not a multiple of four (comment)
  E115	expected an indented block (comment)
  E116	unexpected indentation (comment)
  E117	over-indented
  E121 (*^)	continuation line under-indented for hanging indent
  E122 (^)	continuation line missing indentation or outdented
  E123 (*)	closing bracket does not match indentation of opening bracket’s line
  E124 (^)	closing bracket does not match visual indentation
  E125 (^)	continuation line with same indent as next logical line
  E126 (*^)	continuation line over-indented for hanging indent
  E127 (^)	continuation line over-indented for visual indent
  E128 (^)	continuation line under-indented for visual indent
  E129 (^)	visually indented line with same indent as next logical line
  E131 (^)	continuation line unaligned for hanging indent
  E133 (*)	closing bracket is missing indentation
  E2	Whitespace
  E201	whitespace after ‘(‘
  E202	whitespace before ‘)’
  E203	whitespace before ‘:’
  E211	whitespace before ‘(‘
  E221	multiple spaces before operator
  E222	multiple spaces after operator
  E223	tab before operator
  E224	tab after operator
  E225	missing whitespace around operator
  E226 (*)	missing whitespace around arithmetic operator
  E227	missing whitespace around bitwise or shift operator
  E228	missing whitespace around modulo operator
  E231	missing whitespace after ‘,’, ‘;’, or ‘:’
  E241 (*)	multiple spaces after ‘,’
  E242 (*)	tab after ‘,’
  E251	unexpected spaces around keyword / parameter equals
  E261	at least two spaces before inline comment
  E262	inline comment should start with ‘# ‘
  E265	block comment should start with ‘# ‘
  E266	too many leading ‘#’ for block comment
  E271	multiple spaces after keyword
  E272	multiple spaces before keyword
  E273	tab after keyword
  E274	tab before keyword
  E275	missing whitespace after keyword
  E3	Blank line
  E301	expected 1 blank line, found 0
  E302	expected 2 blank lines, found 0
  E303	too many blank lines (3)
  E304	blank lines found after function decorator
  E305	expected 2 blank lines after end of function or class
  E306	expected 1 blank line before a nested definition
  E4	Import
  E401	multiple imports on one line
  E402	module level import not at top of file
  E5	Line length
  E501 (^)	line too long (82 > 79 characters)
  E502	the backslash is redundant between brackets
  E7	Statement
  E701	multiple statements on one line (colon)
  E702	multiple statements on one line (semicolon)
  E703	statement ends with a semicolon
  E704 (*)	multiple statements on one line (def)
  E711 (^)	comparison to None should be ‘if cond is None:’
  E712 (^)	comparison to True should be ‘if cond is True:’ or ‘if cond:’
  E713	test for membership should be ‘not in’
  E714	test for object identity should be ‘is not’
  E721 (^)	do not compare types, use ‘isinstance()’
  E722	do not use bare except, specify exception instead
  E731	do not assign a lambda expression, use a def
  E741	do not use variables named ‘l’, ‘O’, or ‘I’
  E742	do not define classes named ‘l’, ‘O’, or ‘I’
  E743	do not define functions named ‘l’, ‘O’, or ‘I’
  E9	Runtime
  E901	SyntaxError or IndentationError
  E902	IOError
  W1	Indentation warning
  W191	indentation contains tabs
  W2	Whitespace warning
  W291	trailing whitespace
  W292	no newline at end of file
  W293	blank line contains whitespace
  W3	Blank line warning
  W391	blank line at end of file
  W5	Line break warning
  W503 (*)	line break before binary operator
  W504 (*)	line break after binary operator
  W505 (*^)	doc line too long (82 > 79 characters)
  W6	Deprecation warning
  W601	.has_key() is deprecated, use ‘in’
  W602	deprecated form of raising exception
  W603	‘<>’ is deprecated, use ‘!=’
  W604	backticks are deprecated, use ‘repr()’
  W605	invalid escape sequence ‘x’
  W606	‘async’ and ‘await’ are reserved keywords starting with Python 3.7