使用yum源安装Mysql单机

1.官网下载MySQL的yum仓库
mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm

2.安装mysql软件仓库
yum -y install mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm

3.关闭mysql80仓库，开启mysql57仓库
yum -y install yum-utils
yum-config-manager disabled mysql80-community
yum-config-manager --enable mysql57-community

或者直接修改mysql.community.repo和mysql.community-source.repo

4.安装mysql57软件包
yum -y install mysql-community-server

5.修改配置文件，防止字符乱码
vi /etc/my.cnf
在[mysqld]下添加

mysql 安装时默认的字符集是utf8_general_ci，若要使用navicat建库时，要选择的字符集必须要与mysql的一致
比如查看mysql配置文件：
# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
#datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

datadir=/data/mysql
bind-address = 0.0.0.0
default-storage-engine = innodb
innodb_file_per_table
collation-server = utf8_general_ci  #这个是默认的字符集
init-connect = 'SET NAMES utf8'
character-set-server = utf8

server-id=2
log_bin=binlog
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1
sync_binlog=1

#read-only=1
relay_log_purge=0

# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0

log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

# Modify by developer at 2019/10/21 
sql_mode='STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION
如果配置文件里面没有设置字符集，则默认的是utf8_general_ci
则使用navicat创建库时选择字符集必须与mysql的一致

6.启动Mysql57服务
systemctl start mysqld
systemctl enable mysqld

7.修改密码
cat /var/log/mysqld.log | grep password
mysql -uroot -p ‘密码’
set global validate_password_length=6 #密码长度为6
set global validate_password_policy=0 #密码策略为空
或者
set global validate_password.length=6
set global validate_password.policy=0
alter user root@localhost identified by ‘密码’;

7.开启3306端口
firewall-cmd --zone=public --permanent --add-port=3306/tcp
fierwall-cmd --reload