第8章-结构体

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最新推荐文章于 2023-08-15 03:26:46 发布

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分类专栏： C++

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_43610675/article/details/119535125

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文章目录

结构体定义和使用

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

//结构体的定义和使用 
struct Student{
	string name;
	int age;
	int score;
} s3;

int main(){
	//用.访问属性并赋值 ,struct关键字可以省略 
	struct Student s1;
	s1.name = "张三";
	s1.age = 18;
	s1.score = 100;
	cout << "姓名：" << s1.name << " 年龄：" << s1.age << " 分数：" << s1.score << endl;
	
	//初始化赋值 
	struct Student s2 ={
		"李四",
		19,
		80
	};
	cout << "姓名：" << s2.name << " 年龄：" << s2.age << " 分数：" << s2.score << endl;
	
	//在定义结构体时顺便创建结构体变量
	s3.name = "王五";
	s3.age = 20;
	s3.score = 90;
	cout << "姓名：" << s3.name << " 年龄：" << s3.age << " 分数：" << s3.score << endl;
	
	return 0;
}

结构体数组

#include <iostream>
#include <string> 
using namespace std;

struct Student{
	string name;
	int age;
	int score;
};

int main(){
	//创建结构体数组
	struct Student stuArray[3] = {
		{"张三",18,100},
		{"李四",19,22},
		{"王五",20,88}
	};
	//修改结构体数组中某个元素
	stuArray[2].name = "赵六";
	stuArray[2].age = 29;
	stuArray[2].score = 27;
	
	//遍历
	for(int i=0;i<3;i++){
		cout << "姓名：" << stuArray[i].name << " 年龄：" << stuArray[i].age << " 分数：" << stuArray[i].score << endl;
	} 
	return 0;
}

结构体指针

#include <iostream>
#include <string> 
using namespace std;

//结构体指针，指针变量通过->访问属性 
 
struct Student{
	string name;
	int age;
	int score;
};

int main(){
	Student s = {"张三",18,100};
	Student *p = &s;
	cout << "姓名：" << p->name << " 年龄：" << p->age << " 分数：" << p->score << endl;
	return 0;
}

结构体嵌套

#include <iostream>
#include <string> 
using namespace std;

struct Student{
	string name;
	int age;
	int score;
};

struct Teacher{
	string id;
	string name;
	int age;
	Student s;
};
int main(){
	Student s = {"张三",18,90};
	Teacher t;
	t.id="001";
	t.name="王五";
	t.age = 40;
	t.s = s;
	cout << "教师编号：" << t.id << " 教师姓名：" << t.name << " 教师年龄：" << t.age <<
	" 带教学生姓名：" << t.s.name << " 分数：" << t.s.score << endl;
	return 0;
}

结构体作为函数参数

点操作示例程序

#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
using namespace std;
struct pointT{
	double x, y;
}; 
void setPoint(double x, double y, pointT &p);
double getX(const pointT &p);
double getY(const pointT &p);
void showPoint(const pointT &p);
double distancePoint(const pointT &p1, const pointT &p2);
 
int main(){
	
	pointT p1,p2;
	setPoint(1,1,p1);
	setPoint(2,2,p2);
	//cout << getX(p1) << " " << getY(p2) << endl;
	showPoint(p1);
	cout << " -> ";
	showPoint(p2);
	cout << " = " << distancePoint(p1,p2) << endl;
	
	return 0;
}
void setPoint(double x, double y, pointT &p){
	p.x = x;
	p.y = y;
}
double getX(const pointT &p){
	return (p.x);
}
double getY(const pointT &p){
	return (p.y);
}
void showPoint(const pointT &p){
	cout << "(" << p.x << "," << p.y << ")";
}
double distancePoint(const pointT &p1, const pointT &p2){
	return sqrt((p1.x-p2.x)*(p1.x-p2.x) + (p1.y-p2.y)*(p1.y-p2.y));
}

在这里插入图片描述

结构体案例

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <ctime>
using namespace std;

/**
设计老师和学生的结构体，在老师结构体中有老师姓名和一个存放5名学生的数组作为成员
学生的成员有姓名、考试分数，创建数组存放3名老师，通过函数给每个老师及所带的
学生赋值，最终打印老师数据及老师所带的学生数据 
*/
struct Student{
	string sName;
	int score;
};
struct Teacher{
	string tName;
	Student students[5];
}; 
void allocatespace(Teacher teachers[],int len){
	string nameseed = "ABCDE";
	for(int i=0;i<len;i++){
		teachers[i].tName = "Teacher_";
		teachers[i].tName += nameseed[i];
		for(int j=0;j<5;j++){
			teachers[i].students[j].sName = "Student_";
			teachers[i].students[j].sName += nameseed[j];
			int random = rand()%61+40; //0-100
			teachers[i].students[j].score = random;
		}
	}
}
void printInfo(Teacher teachers[],int len){
	for(int i=0;i<len;i++){
		cout << "老师姓名：" << teachers[i].tName << endl;
		for(int j=0;j<5;j++){
			cout << "\t学生姓名：" << teachers[i].students[j].sName << " 分数：" << teachers[i]
			.students[j].score << endl;
		}
	}
}
int main(){
	
	//创建老师数组
	Teacher teachers[3];
	int len = sizeof(teachers)/sizeof(teachers[0]);
	//函数赋值
	srand((unsigned)time(NULL)); //随机数种子
	allocatespace(teachers,len);
	
	//打印
	printInfo(teachers,len); 

	return 0;
}

通讯录管理系统（无UI版）

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
#define MAX 1000

/*
通讯录管理系统(无UI版)
实现功能：
添加联系人，信息包括(姓名、性别、年龄、联系电话、家庭住址)最多记录1000人
显示联系人：显示通讯录中所有联系人信息
删除联系人：按照姓名进行删除指定联系人
查找联系人：按照姓名查看指定联系人信息
修改联系人：按照姓名重新修改指定联系人
清空联系人：清空通讯录中所有信息
退出通讯录：退出档当前使用的通讯录 
*/
void showMenu(){
	cout << "*************************" << endl;
	cout << "***** 0、退出通讯录 *****" << endl;
	cout << "***** 1、添加联系人 *****" << endl;
	cout << "***** 2、显示联系人 *****" << endl;
	cout << "***** 3、删除联系人 *****" << endl;
	cout << "***** 4、查找联系人 *****" << endl;
	cout << "***** 5、修改联系人 *****" << endl;
	cout << "***** 6、清空联系人 *****" << endl;
	cout << "*************************" << endl;
}

struct Person{
	string name;
	int sex;//0代表女，1代表男
	int age;
	string phone;
	string address; 
};
struct AddressBook{
	Person persons[MAX];
	int size;
};
void addPerson(AddressBook *ads){

	if(ads->size==MAX){
		cout << "通讯录已满，无法添加" << endl;
		return;
	}else{
		string name;
		cout << "请输入姓名："; 
		cin >> name;
		ads->persons[ads->size].name=name;
		
		int sex;
		cout << "请输入性别(0是女，1是男)：";
		while(true){
			cin >> sex;
			if(sex==0 || sex==1){
				ads->persons[ads->size].sex=sex;
				break;
			}
			cout << "输入有误，请重新输入：" << endl;
		}
		int age;
		cout << "请输入年龄：";
		cin >> age;
		ads->persons[ads->size].age=age;
		
		string phone;
		cout << "请输入电话："; 
		cin >> phone;
		ads->persons[ads->size].phone=phone;
		
		string address;
		cout << "请输入地址："; 
		cin >> address;
		ads->persons[ads->size].address=address;
		
		cout << "添加成功" << endl;
		ads->size++;
		
		system("pause"); 
		system("cls");//清屏操作 
	}
}

void showPerson(AddressBook *ads){
	if(ads->size==0){
		cout << "目前记录为空" << endl;
	}else{
		for(int i=0;i<ads->size;i++){
			cout << "\t姓名：" << ads->persons[i].name << "\t";
			cout << "性别：" << (ads->persons[i].sex==1?"男":"女") << "\t";    
			cout << "年龄：" << ads->persons[i].age << "\t";
			cout << "电话：" << ads->persons[i].phone << "\t";
			cout << "地址：" << ads->persons[i].address << endl;
		}
	}
	system("pause");
	system("cls");
}
int isExist(AddressBook *ads,string name){
	for(int i=0;i<ads->size;i++){
		if(ads->persons[i].name==name){
			return i;
		}
	}
	return -1;
}
void delPerson(AddressBook *ads){
	string name;
	cout << "请输入要删除的联系人姓名：";
	cin >> name;
	int res = isExist(ads,name);
	if(res==-1){
		cout << "查无此人" << endl;
		
	}else{
		for(int i=res;i<ads->size;i++){
			ads->persons[i]=ads->persons[i+1]; //数据前移 
		}
		ads->size--;//更新人数
		cout << "删除成功" << endl; 
	}
	system("pause");
	system("cls");
}
void findPerson(AddressBook *ads){
	string name;
	cout << "请输入要查找的联系人姓名：";
	cin >> name;
	int res = isExist(ads,name);
	if(res==-1){
		cout << "查无此人" << endl;
	}else{
		cout << "\t姓名：" << ads->persons[res].name << "\t";
		cout << "性别：" << (ads->persons[res].sex==1?"男":"女") << "\t";    
		cout << "年龄：" << ads->persons[res].age << "\t";
		cout << "电话：" << ads->persons[res].phone << "\t";
		cout << "地址：" << ads->persons[res].address << endl;
	}
	system("pause");
	system("cls"); 
}
void modifyPerson(AddressBook *ads){
	string name;
	cout << "请输入要修改的联系人姓名：";
	cin >> name;
	int res = isExist(ads,name);
	if(res==-1){
		cout << "查无此人" << endl;
	}else{
		string newname;
		cout << "请输入姓名："; 
		cin >> newname;
		ads->persons[res].name=newname;
		
		int sex;
		cout << "请输入性别(0是女，1是男)：";
		while(true){
			cin >> sex;
			if(sex==0 || sex==1){
				ads->persons[res].sex=sex;
				break;
			}
			cout << "输入有误，请重新输入：" << endl;
		}
		int age;
		cout << "请输入年龄：";
		cin >> age;
		ads->persons[res].age=age;
		
		string phone;
		cout << "请输入电话："; 
		cin >> phone;
		ads->persons[res].phone=phone;
		
		string address;
		cout << "请输入地址："; 
		cin >> address;
		ads->persons[res].address=address;
		
		cout << "修改成功" << endl;
		
	}
	system("pause"); 
	system("cls");//清屏操作 
}
void clearPerson(AddressBook *ads){
	char c;
	cout << "确定要清空吗？(输入y确定，输入n取消)：";
	cin >> c;
	if(c=='y'){
		ads->size=0;
		cout << "通讯录已清空" << endl;
	}
	else{
		return;
	}
}
int main(){
	AddressBook ads;
	ads.size=0;//初始化 
	while(true){
		//封装一个函数，用于显示菜单界面
		showMenu();
		int select;
		cout << "输入一个选择：";
		cin >> select;
		
		switch(select){
			case 0:
				cout << "您已退出系统" << endl;
				return 0;
				break;
			case 1:
				addPerson(&ads);
				break;
			case 2:
				showPerson(&ads);
				break;
			case 3:
				delPerson(&ads);
				break;
			case 4:
				findPerson(&ads);
				break;
			case 5:
				modifyPerson(&ads);
				break;
			case 6:
				clearPerson(&ads);
				system("pause"); 
				system("cls");//清屏操作 
				break;
		}
	} 
	return 0;
}

在这里插入图片描述

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第8章-结构体

结构体定义和使用#include <iostream>#include <string>using namespace std;//结构体的定义和使用 struct Student{ string name; int age; int score;} s3;int main(){ //用.访问属性并赋值 ,struct关键字可以省略 struct Student s1; s1.name = "张三"; s1.age = 18; s1.score =
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