MongoDB实战：Java客户端整合MongoDB、SpringBoot整合MongoDB

一、Java客户端整合MongoDB

首先我们创建一个Maven项目。

1. 引入pom依赖

<dependencies>
     <dependency>
         <groupId>org.mongodb</groupId>
         <artifactId>mongodb-driver-sync</artifactId>
         <version>4.1.1</version>
     </dependency>
 </dependencies>

2. 测试代码

package com.jihu;

import com.mongodb.client.FindIterable;
import com.mongodb.client.MongoClient;
import com.mongodb.client.MongoClients;
import com.mongodb.client.MongoCollection;
import com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase;
import com.mongodb.client.result.InsertOneResult;
import org.bson.Document;
import org.bson.conversions.Bson;

import static com.mongodb.client.model.Filters.eq;

public class QuickStart {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 连接本地默认端口的Mongod
        // MongoClient mongoClient = MongoClients.create()

        // 连接远程服务的指定端口的Mongod
        // MongoClient mongoClient = MongoClients.create("mongodb://host1:27017");

        // 连接指定端口复制集
        // MongoClient mongoClient = MongoClients.create("mongodb://host1:27017,host2:27017,host3:27017/?replicaSet=myReplicaSet");

        // 连接mongos路由: 连接一个
        // MongoClient mongoClient = MongoClients.create( "mongodb://localhost:27017" );

        // 连接多个mongos路由。
        // MongoClient mongoClient = MongoClients.create("mongodb://192.168.131.171:4000,192.168.131.171:4001,192.168.131.171:4002");

        // 注意，这里我们配置mongos服务信息即可
        MongoClient mongoClient = MongoClients.create("mongodb://192.168.131.171:4000");

        //获取数据库
        MongoDatabase database = mongoClient.getDatabase("order");

        // 获取集合
        MongoCollection<Document> productdesc = database.getCollection("accounts");

        // 添加数据
//        Document doc = new Document("name", "MongoDB")
//                .append("type", "database")
//                .append("count", 1)
//                .append("versions", Arrays.asList("v3.2", "v3.0", "v2.6"))
//                .append("info", new Document("x", 203).append("y", 102));

        // accounts结构：name和 age
        Document doc = new Document().append("name", "xiaoyixian")
                .append("age", "23");

        InsertOneResult result = productdesc.insertOne(doc);
        System.out.println(result);


        // === 查询
        // 构建等值查询条件, Filters这个类中定义了很多的静态方法进行过滤
        Bson eq = eq("name", "xiaoyixian");
        FindIterable<Document> find = productdesc.find(eq);
        Document first = find.first();
        System.out.println(first);

    }
}

此时已经插入和查询成功了。

我们连接到mongs客户端中验证一下：

我们已经完成了java客户端和MongoDB的整合。更多的操作可以去了解详细的API。

官网demo：https://mongodb.github.io/mongo-java-driver/4.1/driver/

二、SpringBoot整合MongoDB

官网资料：https://docs.spring.io/spring-data/mongodb/docs/3.1.2/reference/html/#preface

我们首先还是先创建一个SpringBoot项目。

1. 引入依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>org.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>springboot-mongo</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.4.0</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-mongodb</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <version>1.18.16</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

2. 配置类

比如连接上述的 mongos, 使用MongoTemplate 进行数据库操作。

package com.jihu.conf;

import com.mongodb.client.MongoClient;
import com.mongodb.client.MongoClients;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.MongoTemplate;

@Configuration
public class AppConfig {

    public @Bean
    MongoClient mongoClient() {
        return MongoClients.create("mongodb://192.168.131.171:4000");
    }

    public @Bean
    MongoTemplate mongoTemplate() {
        return new MongoTemplate(mongoClient(), "order");
    }
}

3. 启动类

@SpringBootApplication
public class MongoApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(MongoApplication.class, args);
    }
}

4. 实体类

package com.jihu.entity;

public class Person {

    private String id;
    private String name;
    private int age;

    public Person(String name, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Person [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", age=" + age + "]";
    }

}

5. 测试类

这个类实现了Spring的ApplicationRunner接口中的run方法，Spring启动的时候就会执行该方法。

package com.jihu.mongo;

import com.jihu.entity.Person;
import com.mongodb.client.MongoCollection;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.bson.Document;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.ApplicationArguments;
import org.springframework.boot.ApplicationRunner;
import org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.MongoTemplate;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import java.util.List;

import static org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.query.Criteria.where;
import static org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.query.Query.query;
import static org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.query.Update.update;

@Component
@Slf4j
public class ApplicationRunnerTest implements ApplicationRunner {

    @Autowired
    private MongoTemplate mongoOps;

    // spring启动的时候会调用这个方法
    @Override
    public void run(ApplicationArguments applicationArguments) {

        Person p = new Person("Marco", 34);

        // 插入文档
        mongoOps.insert(p);
        log.info("Insert: " + p);

        // 查询文档
        p = mongoOps.findById(p.getId(), Person.class);
        log.info("Found: " + p);

        // 更新文档
        mongoOps.updateFirst(query(where("name").is(p.getName())), update("age", 35), Person.class);
        p = mongoOps.findOne(query(where("name").is(p.getName())), Person.class);
        log.info("Updated: " + p);

        // 删除文档
        mongoOps.remove(p);

        // Check that deletion worked
        List<Person> people = mongoOps.findAll(Person.class);
        log.info("Number of people = : " + people.size());
        mongoOps.dropCollection(Person.class);
    }
}

从结果可以看到，已经可以成功使用springboot调用mongo了。

三、关于事务

mongo支持事务，但是很影响性能！我们一般不会开启事务。