Hibernate的查询的方式

在Hibernate中提供了很多种的查询的方式。Hibernate共提供了五种查询方式

1、Hibernate的查询方式:OID查询

  • OID检索:Hibernate根据对象的OID(主键)进行检索
1.1 使用get方法
Customer customer = session.get(Customer.class,1l)
1.2 使用load方法
Customer customer = session.load(Customer.class,1l);

2、Hibernate的查询方式:对象导航检索

对象导航检索:Hibernate根据一个已经查询到的对象,获得其关联的对象的一种查询方式。

LinkMan linkMan = session.get(LinkMan.class,1l);
Customer customer  = linkMan.getCustomer();

Customer customer = session.get(Customer.class,2l);
Set<LinkMan> linkMans = customer.getLinkMans();

3、Hibernate的查询方式:HQL检索

HQL查询:Hibernate Query Language,Hibernate的查询语言,是一种面向对象的方式的查询语言,语法类似SQL。通过session.createQuery(),用于接收一个HQL进行查询方式。

下面是一个例子,已一对多为例,表使用的是一对多中的两张表(前文中有)
3.1 初始化数据
/**
	 * 初始化数据,(手动执行三次,两个名字都不相同)
	 */
	public void demo1() {
		Session session = HibernateUtils.getCurrentSession();
		Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();

		// 创建一个客户
		Customer customer = new Customer();
		customer.setCust_name("小李");

		for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
			LinkMan linkMan = new LinkMan();
			linkMan.setLkm_name("王东" + i);
			linkMan.setCustomer(customer);

			customer.getLinkMans().add(linkMan);

			session.save(linkMan);
		}
		session.save(customer);

		tx.commit();
	}
3.2 HQL 简单查询
    /**
	 * HQL的简单查询
	 */
	public void demo2() {
		Session session = HibernateUtils.getCurrentSession();
		Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
		// 简单的查询
		Query query = session.createQuery("from Customer");
		List<Customer> list = query.list();

		// sql中支持*号的写法:select * from cst_customer; 但是在HQL中不支持*号的写法。
		/*
		 * Query query = session.createQuery("select * from Customer");// 报错
		 * List<Customer> list = query.list();
		 */

		for (Customer customer : list) {
			System.out.println(customer);
		}
		tx.commit();
	}
3.3 HQL 别名查询
/**
	 * 别名查询
	 */
	public void demo3() {
		Session session = HibernateUtils.getCurrentSession();
		Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
		// 别名的查询
		/*
		 * Query query = session.createQuery("from Customer c"); List<Customer>
		 * list = query.list();
		 */

		Query query = session.createQuery("select c from Customer c");
		List<Customer> list = query.list();

		for (Customer customer : list) {
			System.out.println(customer);
		}
		tx.commit();
	}

3.4 HQL 排序查询
    /**
	 * 排序查询
	 */
	public void demo4() {
		Session session = HibernateUtils.getCurrentSession();
		Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
		// 排序的查询
		// 默认情况
		// List<Customer> list = session.createQuery("from Customer order by
		// cust_id").list();
		// 设置降序排序 升序使用asc 降序使用desc
		List<Customer> list = session.createQuery("from Customer order by cust_id desc").list();

		for (Customer customer : list) {
			System.out.println(customer);
		}
		tx.commit();
	}
3.5 HQL 条件查询
    /**
	 * 条件查询
	 */
	public void demo5() {
		Session session = HibernateUtils.getCurrentSession();
		Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
		// 条件的查询
		// 一、按位置绑定:根据参数的位置进行绑定。
		// 一个条件
		/*
		 * Query query = session.createQuery("from Customer where cust_name = ?"
		 * ); query.setParameter(0, "李兵"); List<Customer> list = query.list();
		 */

		// 多个条件
		/*
		 * Query query = session.createQuery(
		 * "from Customer where cust_source = ? and cust_name like ?");
		 * query.setParameter(0, "小广告"); query.setParameter(1, "李%");
		 * List<Customer> list = query.list();
		 */

		// 二、按名称绑定
		Query query = session.createQuery("from Customer where cust_source = :aaa and cust_name like :bbb");
		// 设置参数:
		query.setParameter("aaa", "朋友推荐");
		query.setParameter("bbb", "李%");
		List<Customer> list = query.list();

		for (Customer customer : list) {
			System.out.println(customer);
		}
		tx.commit();
	}

3.6 HQL 投影查询
  • 投影查询:查询对象的某个或某些属性。
    /**
	 * 投影查询
	 */
	public void demo6() {
		Session session = HibernateUtils.getCurrentSession();
		Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
        // 投影查询
        
		// 单个属性
		/*
		 * List<Object> list = session.createQuery(
		 * "select c.cust_name from Customer c").list(); for (Object object :
		 * list) { System.out.println(object); }
		 */
		 
        // 多个属性:
		/*
		 * List<Object[]> list = session.createQuery(
		 * "select c.cust_name,c.cust_source from Customer c").list(); for
		 * (Object[] objects : list) {
		 * System.out.println(Arrays.toString(objects)); }
		 */


	    //要提供构造方法,查几个属性,就提供特定的构造方法
		List<Customer> list = session.createQuery("select new Customer(cust_name,cust_source) from Customer").list();
		for (Customer customer : list) {
			System.out.println(customer);
		}
		tx.commit();
	}
3.7 HQL 分页查询
    /**
	 * 分页查询
	 */
	public void demo7() {
		Session session = HibernateUtils.getCurrentSession();
		Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();

		// 分页查询
		Query query = session.createQuery("from LinkMan");
		query.setFirstResult(20);
		query.setMaxResults(10);
		List<LinkMan> list = query.list();

		for (LinkMan linkMan : list) {
			System.out.println(linkMan);
		}
		tx.commit();
	}

3.7 HQL 分组统计查询
    /**
	 * 分组统计查询
	 */
	public void demo8() {
		Session session = HibernateUtils.getCurrentSession();
		Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();

		// 聚合函数的使用:count(),max(),min(),avg(),sum()
		Object object = session.createQuery("select count(*) from Customer").uniqueResult();
		System.out.println(object);
		// 分组统计:
		List<Object[]> list = session.createQuery("select cust_source,count(*) from Customer group by cust_source")
				.list();
		for (Object[] objects : list) {
			System.out.println(Arrays.toString(objects));
		}
		tx.commit();
	}
3.8 HQL 多表查询
  • sql的多表查询

    • 连接查询
      • 交叉连接:笛卡尔积

        select * from A,B;
        
      • 内连接:inner join(inner 可以省略)
        两个表的交集

        • 隐式内连接:
        //在sql语句中看不见inner join
        select * from A,B where A.id = B.aid;
        
        • 显示内连接:
        //在sql语句中能看见inner join
        select * from A inner join B on A.id = B.aid;
        
      • 外连接

        • 左外连接
        //left outer join(outer 可以省略),查询左边表的全部信息,和两张表的公共部分
        select * from A left outer join B on A.id= B.aid;
        
        • 右外连接
        //light outer join(outer 可以省略)
        select * from A right outer join B on A.id = B.aid;
        
  • HQL的多表查询

    • 连接查询
      • 交叉连接
      • 内连接
        • 显示内连接
        • 隐式内连接
        • 迫切内连接
      • 连接
        • 左外连接
        • 右外连接
        • 迫切左外连接
    /**
	 * HQL的多表查询
	 */
	public void demo9() {
		Session session = HibernateUtils.getCurrentSession();
		Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
		// SQL:SELECT * FROM cst_customer c INNER JOIN cst_linkman l ON
		// c.cust_id = l.lkm_cust_id;
		// HQL:内连接 from Customer c inner join c.linkMans
		/*
		 * List<Object[]> list = session.createQuery(
		 * "from Customer c inner join c.linkMans").list(); for (Object[]
		 * objects : list) { System.out.println(Arrays.toString(objects)); }
		 */

		// HQL:迫切内连接 其实就在普通的内连接inner join后添加一个关键字fetch. from Customer c inner
		// join fetch c.linkMans
		List<Customer> list = session.createQuery("select distinct c from Customer c inner join fetch c.linkMans")
				.list();// 通知hibernate,将另一个对象的数据封装到该对象中

		for (Customer customer : list) {
			System.out.println(customer);
		}
		tx.commit();
	}

4、Hibernate的查询方式:QBC检索

  • QBC查询:Query By Criteria,条件查询。是一种更加面向对象化的查询的方式。
4.1 简单查询
/**
	 * 简单的查询
	 */
	public void demo1(){
		Session session = HibernateUtils.getCurrentSession();
		Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
		
		// 获得Criteria的对象
		Criteria criteria = session.createCriteria(Customer.class);
		List<Customer> list = criteria.list();
		
		for (Customer customer : list) {
			System.out.println(customer);
		}
		tx.commit();
	}
4.2 排序查询
/**
	 * 排序查询
	 */
	public void demo2(){
		Session session = HibernateUtils.getCurrentSession();
		Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
		
		// 排序查询
		Criteria criteria = session.createCriteria(Customer.class);
//		criteria.addOrder(Order.asc("cust_id")); // 升序
		criteria.addOrder(Order.desc("cust_id")); // 降序
		List<Customer> list = criteria.list();
		
		for (Customer customer : list) {
			System.out.println(customer);
		}
		
		tx.commit();
	}
4.3 分页查询
/**
	 * 分页查询
	 */
	public void demo3(){
		Session session = HibernateUtils.getCurrentSession();
		Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
		
		// 分页查询
		Criteria criteria = session.createCriteria(LinkMan.class);
		criteria.setFirstResult(10);
		criteria.setMaxResults(10);
		List<LinkMan> list = criteria.list();
		
		for (LinkMan linkMan : list) {
			System.out.println(linkMan);
		}
		tx.commit();
	}
4.4 条件查询
/**
	 * 条件查询
	 */
	public void demo4(){
		Session session = HibernateUtils.getCurrentSession();
		Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
		
		// 条件查询
		Criteria criteria = session.createCriteria(Customer.class);
		// 设置条件:
		/**
		 * =   eq
		 * >   gt
		 * >=  ge
		 * <   lt
		 * <=  le
		 * <>  ne
		 * like
		 * in
		 * and
		 * or
		 */
		criteria.add(Restrictions.eq("cust_source", "小广告"));
//		criteria.add(Restrictions.or(Restrictions.like("cust_name", "李%")));
		criteria.add(Restrictions.like("cust_name", "李%"));
		List<Customer> list = criteria.list();
		for (Customer customer : list) {
			System.out.println(customer);
		}
		tx.commit();
	}
4.5 统计查询
/**
	 * 统计查询
	 */
	public void demo5(){
		Session session = HibernateUtils.getCurrentSession();
		Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
		
		Criteria criteria = session.createCriteria(Customer.class);
		/**
		 * add				:普通的条件。where后面条件
		 * addOrder			:排序
		 * setProjection	:聚合函数 和 group by having
		 */
		criteria.setProjection(Projections.rowCount());
		Long num = (Long) criteria.uniqueResult();
		System.out.println(num);
		tx.commit();
	}
4.6 离线条件查询(SSH)—DetachedCriteria
/**
	 * 离线条件查询
	 */
	public void demo6(){
		DetachedCriteria detachedCriteria = DetachedCriteria.forClass(Customer.class);
		detachedCriteria.add(Restrictions.like("cust_name", "李%"));
		
		Session session = HibernateUtils.getCurrentSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		
		Criteria criteria = detachedCriteria.getExecutableCriteria(session);
		List<Customer> list = criteria.list();
		for (Customer customer : list) {
			System.out.println(customer);
		}
		transaction.commit();
	}
}
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