现有函数 printNumber
可以用一个整数参数调用,并输出该整数到控制台。
- 例如,调用
printNumber(7)
将会输出7
到控制台。
给你类 ZeroEvenOdd
的一个实例,该类中有三个函数:zero
、even
和 odd
。ZeroEvenOdd
的相同实例将会传递给三个不同线程:
- 线程 A:调用
zero()
,只输出0
- 线程 B:调用
even()
,只输出偶数 - 线程 C:调用
odd()
,只输出奇数
修改给出的类,以输出序列 "010203040506..."
,其中序列的长度必须为 2n
。
实现 ZeroEvenOdd
类:
ZeroEvenOdd(int n)
用数字n
初始化对象,表示需要输出的数。void zero(printNumber)
调用printNumber
以输出一个 0 。void even(printNumber)
调用printNumber
以输出偶数。void odd(printNumber)
调用printNumber
以输出奇数。
Semaphore
class ZeroEvenOdd {
private int n;
private Semaphore zeroSema = new Semaphore(1);
private Semaphore oddSema = new Semaphore(0);//奇数
private Semaphore evenSema = new Semaphore(0);//偶数
public ZeroEvenOdd(int n) {
this.n = n;
}
public void zero(IntConsumer printNumber) throws InterruptedException {
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
zeroSema.acquire();
printNumber.accept(0);
if (i % 2!= 0) {//奇数
oddSema.release();
} else {
evenSema.release();
}
}
}
public void even(IntConsumer printNumber) throws InterruptedException {
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
if (i % 2== 0) {//偶数 打印偶数 并释放zero的线程
evenSema.acquire();
printNumber.accept(i);
zeroSema.release();
}
}
}
public void odd(IntConsumer printNumber) throws InterruptedException {
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
if (i % 2 != 0) {//奇数,打印奇数,并释放zero的线程
oddSema.acquire();
printNumber.accept(i);
zeroSema.release();
}
}
}
}
synchronized
class ZeroEvenOdd {
private int n;
private final Object ob=new Object();
private volatile int flag=0;
public ZeroEvenOdd(int n) {
this.n = n;
}
public void zero(IntConsumer printNumber) throws InterruptedException {
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
synchronized (ob){
while (flag!=0){
ob.wait();
}
printNumber.accept(0);
if(i%2==0)
flag=2;
else
flag=1;
ob.notifyAll();
}
}
}
public void even(IntConsumer printNumber) throws InterruptedException {
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
if (i % 2== 0) {//偶数 打印偶数 并释放zero的线程
synchronized (ob){
while (flag!=2){
ob.wait();
}
printNumber.accept(i);
flag=0;
ob.notifyAll();
}
}
}
}
public void odd(IntConsumer printNumber) throws InterruptedException {
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
if (i % 2!= 0) {//偶数 打印偶数 并释放zero的线程
synchronized (ob){
while (flag!=1){
ob.wait();
}
printNumber.accept(i);
flag=0;
ob.notifyAll();
}
}
}
}
}
CountDownLatch
class ZeroEvenOdd {
private int n;
private CountDownLatch countDownLatch_zero=new CountDownLatch(0);
private CountDownLatch countDownLatch_even=new CountDownLatch(1);
private CountDownLatch countDownLatch_odd=new CountDownLatch(1);
public ZeroEvenOdd(int n) {
this.n = n;
}
public void zero(IntConsumer printNumber) throws InterruptedException {
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
countDownLatch_zero.await();
printNumber.accept(0);
countDownLatch_zero=new CountDownLatch(1);
if (i % 2!= 0) {//奇数
countDownLatch_odd.countDown();
} else {
countDownLatch_even.countDown();
}
}
}
public void even(IntConsumer printNumber) throws InterruptedException {
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
if (i % 2== 0) {//偶数 打印偶数 并释放zero的线程
countDownLatch_even.await();
printNumber.accept(i);
countDownLatch_even=new CountDownLatch(1);
countDownLatch_zero.countDown();
}
}
}
public void odd(IntConsumer printNumber) throws InterruptedException {
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
if (i % 2 != 0) {//奇数,打印奇数,并释放zero的线程
countDownLatch_odd.await();
printNumber.accept(i);
countDownLatch_odd=new CountDownLatch(1);
countDownLatch_zero.countDown();
}
}
}
}
Lock
class ZeroEvenOdd {
private int n;
private volatile int flag=0;
Lock lock=new ReentrantLock();
Condition condition_zero = lock.newCondition();
Condition conditon_even = lock.newCondition();
Condition condition_odd = lock.newCondition();
public ZeroEvenOdd(int n) {
this.n = n;
}
public void zero(IntConsumer printNumber) throws InterruptedException {
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
lock.lock();
try{
while (flag!=0){
condition_zero.await();
}
printNumber.accept(0);
if(i%2==0) {
flag = 2;
conditon_even.signal();
}
else {
flag = 1;
condition_odd.signal();
}
}finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
}
public void even(IntConsumer printNumber) throws InterruptedException {
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
if (i % 2== 0) {//偶数 打印偶数 并释放zero的线程
lock.lock();
try {
while (flag != 2) {
conditon_even.await();
}
printNumber.accept(i);
flag = 0;
condition_zero.signal();
}finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
}
}
public void odd(IntConsumer printNumber) throws InterruptedException {
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
if (i % 2!= 0) {//偶数 打印偶数 并释放zero的线程
lock.lock();
try {
while (flag != 1) {
condition_odd.await();
}
printNumber.accept(i);
flag = 0;
condition_zero.signal();
}finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
}
}
}
Thread.yield
class ZeroEvenOdd {
private int n;
private volatile int flag=0;
public ZeroEvenOdd(int n) {
this.n = n;
}
public void zero(IntConsumer printNumber) throws InterruptedException {
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
while (flag!=0){
Thread.yield();
}
printNumber.accept(0);
if(i%2==0)
flag=2;
else
flag=1;
}
}
public void even(IntConsumer printNumber) throws InterruptedException {
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
if (i % 2== 0) {//偶数 打印偶数 并释放zero的线程
while (flag!=2){
Thread.yield();
}
printNumber.accept(i);
flag=0;
}
}
}
public void odd(IntConsumer printNumber) throws InterruptedException {
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
if (i % 2!= 0) {//偶数 打印偶数 并释放zero的线程
while (flag!=1){
Thread.yield();
}
printNumber.accept(i);
flag=0;
}
}
}
}
LockSupport
LockSupport类的核心方法其实就两个:park()和unpark(),其中park()方法用来阻塞当前调用线程,unpark()方法用于唤醒指定线程。 这其实和Object类的wait()和signal()方法有些类似,但是LockSupport的这两种方法从语意上讲比Object类的方法更清晰,而且可以针对指定线程进行阻塞和唤醒。
LockSupport类使用了一种名为Permit(许可)的概念来做到阻塞和唤醒线程的功能,可以把许可看成是一种(0,1)信号量(Semaphore),但与 Semaphore 不同的是,许可的累加上限是1。 初始时,permit为0,当调用unpark()方法时,线程的permit加1,当调用park()方法时,如果permit为0,则调用线程进入阻塞状态。
class ZeroEvenOdd {
private int n;
private volatile int flag=0;
private ConcurrentHashMap<String,Thread> map=new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
public ZeroEvenOdd(int n) {
this.n = n;
}
public void zero(IntConsumer printNumber) throws InterruptedException {
map.put("zero",Thread.currentThread());
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
while (flag!=0){
LockSupport.park();
}
printNumber.accept(0);
if(i%2==0) {
flag = 2;
LockSupport.unpark(map.get("even"));
}
else {
flag = 1;
LockSupport.unpark(map.get("odd"));
}
}
}
public void even(IntConsumer printNumber) throws InterruptedException {
map.put("even",Thread.currentThread());
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
if (i % 2== 0) {//偶数 打印偶数 并释放zero的线程
while (flag!=2){
LockSupport.park();
}
printNumber.accept(i);
flag=0;
LockSupport.unpark(map.get("zero"));
}
}
}
public void odd(IntConsumer printNumber) throws InterruptedException {
map.put("odd",Thread.currentThread());
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
if (i % 2!= 0) {//偶数 打印偶数 并释放zero的线程
while (flag!=1){
Thread.yield();
}
printNumber.accept(i);
flag=0;
LockSupport.unpark(map.get("zero"));
}
}
}
}
编写一个可以从 1 到 n 输出代表这个数字的字符串的程序,但是:
- 如果这个数字可以被 3 整除,输出 "fizz"。
- 如果这个数字可以被 5 整除,输出 "buzz"。
- 如果这个数字可以同时被 3 和 5 整除,输出 "fizzbuzz"。
例如,当 n = 15
,输出: 1, 2, fizz, 4, buzz, fizz, 7, 8, fizz, buzz, 11, fizz, 13, 14, fizzbuzz
。
假设有这么一个类:
class FizzBuzz { public FizzBuzz(int n) { ... } // constructor public void fizz(printFizz) { ... } // only output "fizz" public void buzz(printBuzz) { ... } // only output "buzz" public void fizzbuzz(printFizzBuzz) { ... } // only output "fizzbuzz" public void number(printNumber) { ... } // only output the numbers }
请你实现一个有四个线程的多线程版 FizzBuzz
, 同一个 FizzBuzz
实例会被如下四个线程使用:
- 线程A将调用
fizz()
来判断是否能被 3 整除,如果可以,则输出fizz
。 - 线程B将调用
buzz()
来判断是否能被 5 整除,如果可以,则输出buzz
。 - 线程C将调用
fizzbuzz()
来判断是否同时能被 3 和 5 整除,如果可以,则输出fizzbuzz
。 - 线程D将调用
number()
来实现输出既不能被 3 整除也不能被 5 整除的数字。
CyclicBarrier
class FizzBuzz {
private int n;
private CyclicBarrier cb = new CyclicBarrier(4);
public FizzBuzz(int n) {
this.n = n;
}
// printFizz.run() outputs "fizz".
public void fizz(Runnable printFizz) throws InterruptedException, BrokenBarrierException {
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
if (i % 3 == 0 && i % 5 != 0) {
printFizz.run();
}
cb.await();
}
}
// printBuzz.run() outputs "buzz".
public void buzz(Runnable printBuzz) throws InterruptedException, BrokenBarrierException {
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
if (i % 3 != 0 && i % 5 == 0) {
printBuzz.run();
}
cb.await();
}
}
// printFizzBuzz.run() outputs "fizzbuzz".
public void fizzbuzz(Runnable printFizzBuzz) throws InterruptedException, BrokenBarrierException {
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
if (i % 3 == 0 && i % 5 == 0) {
printFizzBuzz.run();
}
cb.await();
}
}
// printNumber.accept(x) outputs "x", where x is an integer.
public void number(IntConsumer printNumber) throws InterruptedException, BrokenBarrierException {
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
if (i % 3 != 0 && i % 5 != 0) {
printNumber.accept(i);
}
cb.await();
}
}
}