Web服务nginx

已于 2022-07-01 19:03:31 修改
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分类专栏： Linux 文章标签： nginx nginx反向代理 web service 负载均衡 fastcgi
于 2022-02-20 20:09:08 首次发布
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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_43652666/article/details/123035128
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文章目录

简介

nginx解决了apache的c10k问题

IO模型

同步阻塞：一直等待到对方完成
同步非阻塞：一直等待到对方完成后通知

异步阻塞：等待到对方完成
异步非阻塞：交给对方任务后，执行其他任务，等待对方完成后通知

nginx前台运行
-g设置全局指令

[root@centos8 ~]#nginx -g "daemon off;"

树状显示进程

[root@centos8 ~]#ps auxf|grep nginx
root       10287  0.0  0.0  12136  1044 pts/2    S+   20:10   0:00              \_ grep --color=auto nginx
root       10132  0.0  0.0  42572  3836 ?        Ss   20:09   0:00 nginx: master process /apps/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /apps/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
nginx      10276  0.0  0.0  77316  4912 ?        S    20:10   0:00  \_ nginx: worker process
nginx      10277  0.0  0.0  77316  4912 ?        S    20:10   0:00  \_ nginx: worker process

nginx平滑升级

查看系统当前使用的nginx信息

[root@centos8 ~]#nginx -v
nginx version: nginx/1.18.0

#-V查看相信的nginx版本信息 比如 nginx编译时都启用了那些参数
[root@centos8 nginx-1.20.1]#nginx -V
nginx version: nginx/1.18.0
built by gcc 8.5.0 20210514 (Red Hat 8.5.0-4) (GCC)
built with OpenSSL 1.1.1g FIPS  21 Apr 2020
TLS SNI support enabled
configure arguments: --prefix=/apps/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_v2_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-pcre --with-stream --with-stream_ssl_module --with-stream_realip_module

[root@centos8 ~]#systemctl status nginx
● nginx.service - nginx - high performance web server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
  Drop-In: /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service.d
           └─php-fpm.conf
   Active: active (running) since Thu 2022-02-24 16:09:48 CST; 38min ago
     Docs: http://nginx.org/en/docs/
  Process: 9894 ExecStop=/bin/kill -s TERM $MAINPID (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 9963 ExecStart=/apps/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /apps/nginx/conf/nginx.conf (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 9964 (nginx)
    Tasks: 3 (limit: 50412)
   Memory: 2.8M
   CGroup: /system.slice/nginx.service
           ├─9964 nginx: master process /apps/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /apps/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
           ├─9965 nginx: worker process
           └─9966 nginx: worker process

Feb 24 16:09:48 centos8.kktb.org systemd[1]: Starting nginx - high performance web server...
Feb 24 16:09:48 centos8.kktb.org systemd[1]: Started nginx - high performance web server.

#进程树方式查看nginx进程
[root@centos8 ~]#ps -auxf |grep nginx
root       10409  0.0  0.0  12136  1120 pts/4    S+   16:56   0:00              \_ grep --color=auto nginx
root        9964  0.0  0.0  42440   844 ?        Ss   16:36   0:00 nginx: master process /apps/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /apps/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
nginx       9965  0.0  0.0  77104  5004 ?        S    16:36   0:00  \_ nginx: worker process
nginx       9966  0.0  0.0  77104  4972 ?        S    16:36   0:00  \_ nginx: worker process

下载&解压&编译新版的nginx

[root@centos8 src]#wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.20.0.tar.gz
[root@centos8 src]#tar xf nginx-1.20.1.tar.gz

#编译新版的nginx 可以使用原来的nginx编译参数，也可以新增参数
[root@centos8 src]#cd nginx-1.20.1/
[root@centos8 nginx-1.20.1]#./configure --prefix=/apps/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_v2_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-pcre --with-stream --with-stream_ssl_module --with-stream_realip_module
[root@centos8 nginx-1.20.1]#make

#编译完成之后会发现多了一个objs目录
[root@centos8 nginx-1.20.1]#ls
auto  CHANGES  CHANGES.ru  conf  configure  contrib  html  LICENSE  Makefile  man  objs  README  src

#objs目录下的nginx就是要升级的nginx程序
[root@centos8 nginx-1.20.1]#ll objs/nginx
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7728624 Feb 24 15:07 objs/nginx

备份原来的nginx

[root@centos8 nginx-1.20.1]#mv /apps/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx.old

测试

生成一个大文件用于测试平滑升级时nginx的状态

[root@centos8 ~]#dd if=/dev/zero of=/apps/nginx/html/m1.img bs=1M count=1024
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB, 1.0 GiB) copied, 4.42444 s, 243 MB/s

客户端开始连接nginx下载文件，限制速率为1M/s

[root@centos7 ~]#wget --limit-rate=1M http://10.0.0.5/m1.img
--2022-02-24 16:34:18--  http://10.0.0.5/m1.img
Connecting to 10.0.0.5:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 1073741824 (1.0G) [application/octet-stream]
Saving to: ‘m1.img.1’

 0% [                                                                                                             ] 4,279,936   1024KB/s  eta 17m 0s

查看nginx服务状态

[root@centos8 ~]#ss -ntp
State     Recv-Q     Send-Q          Local Address:Port           Peer Address:Port      Process
ESTAB     0          0                    10.0.0.5:22                 10.0.0.1:52096      users:(("sshd",pid=5732,fd=5),("sshd",pid=5730,fd=5))
ESTAB     0          0                    10.0.0.5:22                 10.0.0.1:64542      users:(("sshd",pid=10133,fd=5),("sshd",pid=10131,fd=5))
ESTAB     0          1086848              10.0.0.5:80                 10.0.0.7:41186      users:(("nginx",pid=9965,fd=14))

平滑更新

复制新版本的nginx到旧版本的安装目录中

[root@centos8 nginx-1.20.1]#cp /usr/local/src/nginx-1.20.1/objs/nginx /apps/nginx/sbin/

检查新版本的nginx对旧配置文件的兼容性

[root@centos8 nginx-1.20.1]#/apps/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /apps/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /apps/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful

平滑升级可执行程序

[root@centos8 nginx-1.20.1]#kill -USR2 `cat /apps/nginx/run/nginx.pid`
[root@centos8 nginx-1.20.1]#ps auxf |grep nginx
root       10650  0.0  0.0  12136  1044 pts/3    S+   17:09   0:00  |           \_ grep --color=auto nginx
root        9964  0.0  0.0  42440  2664 ?        Ss   16:36   0:00 nginx: master process /apps/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /apps/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
nginx       9965  0.0  0.0  77104  5004 ?        S    16:36   0:00  \_ nginx: worker process
nginx       9966  0.0  0.0  77104  4972 ?        S    16:36   0:00  \_ nginx: worker process
root       10644  0.0  0.0  42472  6064 ?        S    17:09   0:00  \_ nginx: master process /apps/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /apps/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
nginx      10645  0.1  0.0  77224  5088 ?        S    17:09   0:00      \_ nginx: worker process
nginx      10646  0.1  0.0  77224  5088 ?        S    17:09   0:00      \_ nginx: worker process

#先关闭旧nginx的worker进程,而不关闭nginx主进程方便回滚
#等待旧版本的nginx work进程执行完毕就关闭旧nginx的work进程
#可以看到旧版本的work进程后面是 worker process is shutting down

[root@centos8 nginx-1.20.1]#kill -WINCH `cat /apps/nginx/run/nginx.pid.oldbin`
[root@centos8 nginx-1.20.1]#ps auxf |grep nginx
root       10687  0.0  0.0  12136  1096 pts/3    S+   17:12   0:00  |           \_ grep --color=auto nginx
root        9964  0.0  0.0  42440  2664 ?        Ss   16:36   0:00 nginx: master process /apps/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /apps/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
nginx       9965  0.0  0.0  77104  5004 ?        S    16:36   0:00  \_ nginx: worker process is shutting down
root       10644  0.0  0.0  42472  6064 ?        S    17:09   0:00  \_ nginx: master process /apps/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /apps/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
nginx      10645  0.0  0.0  77224  5088 ?        S    17:09   0:00      \_ nginx: worker process
nginx      10646  0.0  0.0  77224  5088 ?        S    17:09   0:00      \_ nginx: worker process

新的测试

#新打开一个下载文件服务
[root@centos7 ~]#wget --limit-rate=1M http://10.0.0.5/m1.img
--2022-02-24 16:48:15--  http://10.0.0.5/m1.img
Connecting to 10.0.0.5:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 1073741824 (1.0G) [application/octet-stream]
Saving to: ‘m1.img.2’

 4% [====>                                                                                                        ] 53,007,320  1.00MB/s  eta 16m 14s

#查看服务端nginx状况
[root@centos8 nginx-1.20.1]#lsof -i:80
COMMAND   PID  USER   FD   TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
nginx    9964  root    9u  IPv4  65812      0t0  TCP *:http (LISTEN)
nginx    9965 nginx   14u  IPv4  75956      0t0  TCP centos8.kktb.org:http->10.0.0.7:41186 (ESTABLISHED)
nginx   10644  root    9u  IPv4  65812      0t0  TCP *:http (LISTEN)
nginx   10645 nginx    9u  IPv4  65812      0t0  TCP *:http (LISTEN)
nginx   10646 nginx    8u  IPv4  75013      0t0  TCP centos8.kktb.org:http->10.0.0.7:41188 (ESTABLISHED)
nginx   10646 nginx    9u  IPv4  65812      0t0  TCP *:http (LISTEN)

可以看到已经是新版本的nginx在进行服务了。

Ctrl+C停止客户端的下载服务(模拟用户此次访问完毕)

[root@centos7 ~]#wget --limit-rate=1M http://10.0.0.5/m1.img
--2022-02-24 16:34:18--  http://10.0.0.5/m1.img
Connecting to 10.0.0.5:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 1073741824 (1.0G) [application/octet-stream]
Saving to: ‘m1.img.1’

87% [==============================================================================================>              ] 944,877,184 1.00MB/s  eta 2m 3s  ^C

#查看服务端nginx状况 旧版本的nginx work进程都已经关闭，只剩下master进程
[root@centos8 nginx-1.20.1]#ps auxf|grep nginx
root       10644  0.0  0.0  42472  6064 pts/3    S+   18:17   0:00              \_ grep --color=auto nginx
root       10645  0.0  0.3  77224  5088 ?        S    18:09   0:00 nginx: master process /apps/nginx/sbin/nginx
nginx      10646  0.0  0.2  77224  5088 ?        S    18:09   0:00  \_ nginx: worker process

虚拟主机

同端口不同域名

[root@centos8 ~]#mkdir /data/nginx/html/web1 -pv
mkdir: created directory '/data/nginx'
mkdir: created directory '/data/nginx/html'
mkdir: created directory '/data/nginx/html/web1'
[root@centos8 ~]#mkdir /data/nginx/html/web2 -pv
mkdir: created directory '/data/nginx/html/web2'

[root@centos8 ~]#echo "web1" >> /data/nginx/html/web1/index.html
[root@centos8 ~]#echo "web2" >> /data/nginx/html/web2/index.html

配置文件

http {
    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;

    sendfile            on;
    tcp_nopush          on;
    tcp_nodelay         on;
    keepalive_timeout   65;
    types_hash_max_size 2048;

    include             /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type        application/octet-stream;

    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
    server {
        listen 80;
        server_name web1.kktb.org;
        location / {
            root /data/nginx/html/web1;
        }

    }

    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  web2.kktb.org;
        root         /data/nginx/html/web2;


        location / {
            root /data/nginx/html/web2;
        }
}

检查语法

[root@centos8 ~]#nginx -t 
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful

启动服务并加入开机自启

[root@centos8 ~]#systemctl enable --now  nginx 
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/nginx.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service.

测试

#配置hosts文件
[root@centos8 ~]#cat /etc/hosts 
127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
10.0.0.8 web1.kktb.org
10.0.0.8 web2.kktb.org

[root@centos8 ~]#curl web1.kktb.org
web1
[root@centos8 ~]#curl web2.kktb.org
web2

不同端口不同域名

配置文件

http {
    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;

    sendfile            on;
    tcp_nopush          on;
    tcp_nodelay         on;
    keepalive_timeout   65;
    types_hash_max_size 2048;

    include             /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type        application/octet-stream;

    # Load modular configuration files from the /etc/nginx/conf.d directory.
    # See http://nginx.org/en/docs/ngx_core_module.html#include
    # for more information.
    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
    server {
        listen 8809;
        server_name web1.kktb.org;
        location / {
            root /data/nginx/html/web1;
        }

    }

    server {
        listen       8909;
        server_name  web2.kktb.org;
        root         /data/nginx/html/web2;


        location / {
            root /data/nginx/html/web2;
        }

        error_page 404 /404.html;
            location = /40x.html {
        }

        error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
            location = /50x.html {
        }
    }
}

重新加载服务

[root@centos8 ~]#nginx -t 
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@centos8 ~]#nginx -s reload

查看端口

[root@centos8 ~]#ss -ntl
State           Recv-Q          Send-Q                   Local Address:Port                    Peer Address:Port         Process          
LISTEN          0               128                            0.0.0.0:8909                         0.0.0.0:*                             
LISTEN          0               10                           127.0.0.1:53                           0.0.0.0:*                             
LISTEN          0               128                            0.0.0.0:22                           0.0.0.0:*                             
LISTEN          0               128                          127.0.0.1:953                          0.0.0.0:*                             
LISTEN          0               128                            0.0.0.0:8809                         0.0.0.0:*

测试

# 配置本地主机解析地址
[root@centos8 ~]#cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
#10.0.0.8 web1.kktb.org
#10.0.0.8 web2.kktb.org
10.0.0.8 www.kktb.org

# 测试
[root@centos8 ~]#curl 10.0.0.8:8809
web1
[root@centos8 ~]#curl 10.0.0.8:8909
web2

nginx配置文件

location

几种优先级测试

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