Java设计模式之原型模式（属于创建型模式）

Java设计模式之原型模式

模式定义：原型模式指定创建对象的种类，并且通过拷贝这些原型创建新的对象。（用于对象的复制）

两个步骤：

1. 在原型类上实现Cloneable接口。
2. 再原型类中重写java.lang.Object类的clone()方法。

Student：

//1、实现Cloneable接口
public class Student implements Cloneable{
    private Integer id;
    private String name;
    private String age;

    public Student(Integer id,String name,String age){
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    //生成getter() 和 setter() 方法
  
	//2、重写clone()方法
    @Override
    protected Student clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        return (Student)super.clone();
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return super.hashCode() + " " +"Student{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age='" + age + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

test：

public class test1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws CloneNotSupportedException {
    		Student student = new Student(1,"chenl","12");
      	Student student1 = student.clone();
      	Student student2 = student.clone();
      	System.out.println(student1.toString());
      	System.out.println(student2.toString());
    }
}

但是，其对引用类型的拷贝则是浅拷贝（即拷贝引用，或者说拷贝地址值），下面是验证方法：

新建一个IDCard ：

public class IDCard{
    private Integer id;
    private String Number;

    public IDCard(Integer id,String Number){
        this.id = id;
        this.Number = Number;
    }

	//生成getter()和 setter()方法

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return  super.hashCode()+ " " + "IDCard{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", Number='" + Number + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

更改Student ：

class Student implements Cloneable{
    private Integer id;
    private String name;
    private String age;
    private IDCard idCard;

    public Student(Integer id,String name,String age,IDCard idCard){
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        this.idCard = idCard;
    }

	//生成getter() 和 setter()方法

    @Override
    protected Student clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        return (Student)super.clone();
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return super.hashCode() + " " +"Student{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age='" + age + '\'' +
                ", idCard=" + idCard +
                '}';
    }
}

测试类：

public class test1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws CloneNotSupportedException {
      IDCard idCard = new IDCard(1,"123");
      Student student = new Student(1,"chenl","12",idCard);
      Student student1 = student.clone();
      Student student2 = student.clone();
      
      System.out.println(student1.toString());
      System.out.println(student2.toString());
      
      idCard.setNumber("456");
      System.out.println(student);
      System.out.println(student1.toString());
      System.out.println(student2.toString());
    }
}

可以看出，student1和student2对象IDCard的Number值随着Student对象IDCard的值改变而改变，说明它们引用了同一个对象。

如果想要实现深拷贝，则需要在IDCard类上实现Cloneable接口并重写clone()方法。

更改IDCard：

//1、实现Cloneale接口
public class IDCard implements Cloneable{
    private Integer id;
    private String Number;

    public IDCard(Integer id,String Number){
        this.id = id;
        this.Number = Number;
    }

  	//生成getter() 和 setter()方法
  
	//2、重写clone()方法
    @Override
    protected IDCard clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        return (IDCard) super.clone();
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return  super.hashCode()+ " " + "IDCard{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", Number='" + Number + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

更改Student：

class Student implements Cloneable{
    private Integer id;
    private String name;
    private String age;
    private IDCard idCard;

    public Student(Integer id,String name,String age,IDCard idCard){
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        this.idCard = idCard;
    }

  	//生成getter() 和 setter()方法  
  
  
	//重写clone()方法
    @Override
    protected Student clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        Student student = (Student) super.clone();
        student.setIdCard(student.getIdCard().clone());
        return student;

    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return super.hashCode() + " " +"Student{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age='" + age + '\'' +
                ", idCard=" + idCard +
                '}';
    }
}

测试：

public class test1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        IDCard idCard = new IDCard(1,"123");
        Student student = new Student(1,"chenl","12",idCard);
        Student student1 = student.clone();
        Student student2 = student.clone();
        
        idCard.setNumber("456");
        System.out.println(student);
        System.out.println(student1.toString());
        System.out.println(student2.toString());

		idCard.setNumber("456");
        System.out.println(student);
        System.out.println(student1.toString());
        System.out.println(student2.toString());
    }
 }

如图，即使改变了idCard的 Number值，student1 和 student2的对应值并未发生改变，说明它们单独拷贝了一份数据。