Hibernate简介:
Hibernate是一个开放源代码的对象关系映射框架,它对JDBC进行了非常轻量级的对象封装,它将POJO与数据库表建立映射关系,是一个全自动的orm框架,hibernate可以自动生成SQL语句,自动执行,使得Java程序员可以随心所欲的使用对象编程思维来操纵数据库。 Hibernate可以应用在任何使用JDBC的场合,既可以在Java的客户端程序使用,也可以在Servlet/JSP的Web应用中使用,最具革命意义的是,Hibernate可以在应用EJB的JaveEE架构中取代CMP,完成数据持久化的重任。
语言特点:
1.将对数据库的操作转换为对Java对象的操作,从而简化开发。通过修改一个"持久化"对象的属性从而修改数据库表中对应的记录数据。
2.提供线程和进程两个级别的缓存提升应用程序性能。
3.有丰富的映射方式将Java对象之间的关系转换为数据库表之间的关系。
4.屏蔽不同数据库实现之间的差异。在Hibernate中只需要通过"方言"的形式指定 当前使用的数据库,就可以根据底层数据库的实际情况生成适合的SQL语句。
5.非侵入式:Hibernate不要求持久化类实现任何接口或继承任何类,POJO即可。
如何在项目中添加hibernate支持(手动添加)
添加hibernate相关依赖
在resource目录下添加hibernate.cfg.xml(核心配置文件)
添加DTD支持
添加Hibernate的配置
数据库相关(connection.username|connection.password|connection.url|connection.driver_class|dialect)
调试相关(show_sql|format_sql)
在开发阶段再创建实体类和实体映射文件(*.hbm.xml)
实体必须实现Serializable接口
如何使用hibernate完成CRUD操作
CRUD操作步骤
1 读取配置
2 创建SessionFactory
3 打开Session
4 开启事务
5 CURD
6 提交事务/回滚事务
7 关闭Session
注意事项
1 hibernate默认使用的是手动事务,因此必须显示的开启和提交事务
2 删除操作时,必须先查再删
Hibernate管理对象的三种状态:
然后直接就上代码了
先导入我们所需要的pom依赖:
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.LHJ</groupId>
<artifactId>LHJ_hibernate</artifactId>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>LHJ_hibernate Maven Webapp</name>
<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
<junit.version>4.12</junit.version>
<servlet.version>4.0.0</servlet.version>
<hibernate.version>5.3.0.Final</hibernate.version>
<mysql.driver.version>5.1.46</mysql.driver.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>${junit.version}</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>${servlet.version}</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
<version>${hibernate.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>${mysql.driver.version}</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<finalName>LHJ_hibernate</finalName>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.7.0</version>
<configuration>
<source>${maven.compiler.source}</source>
<target>${maven.compiler.target}</target>
<encoding>${project.build.sourceEncoding}</encoding>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
主配置文件hibernate.cfg.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>
<session-factory>
<!-- 1. 数据库相关 -->
<property name="connection.username">root</property>
<property name="connection.password">123</property>
<property name="connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mysql?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8
</property>
<property name="connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
<property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>
<!-- 配置本地事务(No CurrentSessionContext configured!) -->
<property name="hibernate.current_session_context_class">thread</property>
<!-- 2. 调试相关 -->
<property name="show_sql">true</property>
<property name="format_sql">true</property>
<!-- 3. 添加实体映射文件 -->
<mapping resource="com/LHJ/one/entity/User.hbm.xml"/>
</session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>
实体类User:
package com.LHJ.one.entity;
import java.sql.Date;
import java.sql.Timestamp;
public class User {
private Integer id;
private String userName;
private String userPwd;
private String realName;
private String sex;
private Date birthday;
private Timestamp createDatetime;
private String remark;
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getUserName() {
return userName;
}
public void setUserName(String userName) {
this.userName = userName;
}
public String getUserPwd() {
return userPwd;
}
public void setUserPwd(String userPwd) {
this.userPwd = userPwd;
}
public String getRealName() {
return realName;
}
public void setRealName(String realName) {
this.realName = realName;
}
public String getSex() {
return sex;
}
public void setSex(String sex) {
this.sex = sex;
}
public Date getBirthday() {
return birthday;
}
public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {
this.birthday = birthday;
}
public Timestamp getCreateDatetime() {
return createDatetime;
}
public void setCreateDatetime(Timestamp createDatetime) {
this.createDatetime = createDatetime;
}
public String getRemark() {
return remark;
}
public void setRemark(String remark) {
this.remark = remark;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User [id=" + id + ", userName=" + userName + ", userPwd=" + userPwd + ", realName=" + realName
+ ", sex=" + sex + ", birthday=" + birthday + ", createDatetime=" + createDatetime + ", remark="
+ remark + "]";
}
public User(String userName, String userPwd, String realName, String sex, Date birthday, Timestamp createDatetime,
String remark) {
super();
this.userName = userName;
this.userPwd = userPwd;
this.realName = realName;
this.sex = sex;
this.birthday = birthday;
this.createDatetime = createDatetime;
this.remark = remark;
}
public User() {
super();
}
}
实体映射次文件User.hbm.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
<!--
class标签下的属性
name:指的是数据库中的表所映射的类的全路径名
table:要映射的数据库表
id标签:是用来表示主键的映射列
name:数据库表的列段映射到实体类中的属性名
type:属性名的类型
column:数据库中的列段
property标签:
name:数据库表的列段映射到实体类中的属性名
type:属性名的类型
column:数据库中的列段
-->
<class name="com.LHJ.one.entity.User" table="t_hibernate_user">
<id name="id" type="java.lang.Integer" column="id">
<generator class="increment" />
</id>
<property name="userName" type="java.lang.String" column="user_name">
</property>
<property name="userPwd" type="java.lang.String" column="user_pwd">
</property>
<property name="realName" type="java.lang.String" column="real_name">
</property>
<property name="sex" type="java.lang.String" column="sex">
</property>
<property name="birthday" type="java.sql.Date" column="birthday">
</property>
<property insert="false" update="false" name="createDatetime"
type="java.sql.Timestamp" column="create_datetime">
</property>
<property name="remark" type="java.lang.String" column="remark">
</property>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
然后我们就做Crud操作了:
QueryDemo.java
package com.LHJ.test;
import java.util.List;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
/**
* 演示hibernate查询
*
* @author Administrator
*
*/
public class QueryDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
/*
* 1、对hibernate.cfg.xml这个核心的配置文件进行建模
* 2、建模后的对象configure去获取sessionfactory对象,sessionfactory对象中包含了数据库相关信息
* 3、通过sessionfactory对象去获取session会话
* 4、session开启事务(查询中是不需要)
* 5、操作数据库
* 6、提交事务(查询中是不需要)
* 7、释放资源
*/
Configuration configure = new Configuration().configure("/hibernate.cfg.xml");
SessionFactory sessionFactory = configure.buildSessionFactory();
Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
List list = session.createQuery("from User").list();
for (Object obj : list) {
System.out.println(obj);
}
session.close();
}
}
结果:
AddDemo.java:
package com.LHJ.test;
import java.sql.Date;
import java.sql.Timestamp;
import java.util.List;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import com.LHJ.one.entity.User;
/**
* 演示hibernate新增
*
* @author Administrator
*
*/
public class AddDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Configuration configure = new Configuration().configure("/hibernate.cfg.xml");
SessionFactory sessionFactory = configure.buildSessionFactory();
Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
User user = new User("LHJ", "123", "李鸿基", "男", new Date(System.currentTimeMillis()), new Timestamp(System.currentTimeMillis()), "2019中国有嘻哈全国总冠军 skr~");
session.save(user);
transaction.commit();
session.close();
}
}
结果:
EditDemo.java:
package com.LHJ.test;
import java.sql.Date;
import java.sql.Timestamp;
import java.util.List;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import com.LHJ.one.entity.User;
/**
* 演示hibernate修改
*
* @author Administrator
*
*/
public class EditDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Configuration configure = new Configuration().configure("/hibernate.cfg.xml");
SessionFactory sessionFactory = configure.buildSessionFactory();
Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
// User user = new User("wwk", "12345", "五五开", "男", new Date(System.currentTimeMillis()), new Timestamp(System.currentTimeMillis()), "卢本伟牛逼!!!");
// user.setId(15);
// session.update(user);
User user = session.get(User.class, 15);
user.setRealName("卢本伟");
System.out.println(user);
transaction.commit();
session.close();
}
}
结果:
DelDemo.java:
package com.LHJ.test;
import java.sql.Date;
import java.sql.Timestamp;
import java.util.List;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import com.LHJ.one.entity.User;
/**
* 演示hibernate删除
*
* @author Administrator
*
*/
public class DelDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Configuration configure = new Configuration().configure("/hibernate.cfg.xml");
SessionFactory sessionFactory = configure.buildSessionFactory();
Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
User user = new User();
user.setId(15);
session.delete(user);
transaction.commit();
session.close();
}
}
结果: