springboot复习四—(过滤器，监听器，拦截器，aspect切片)

本文谈及使用过滤器，拦截器、、、.涉及到@ServletComponentScan，然后发现还有个@ComponentScan于是合并在这分析一下。

1.@ServletComponentScan作用与@ComponentScan作用

1)@ServletComponentScan:
a):SpringBootApplication 上使用@ServletComponentScan 注解后
Servlet可以直接通过@WebServlet注解自动注册
Filter可以直接通过@WebFilter注解自动注册
Listener可以直接通过@WebListener 注解自动注册
b):如果Application类和Servlet类不在同一包下，则@ServletComponentScan需要添加相应的路径，如Application类在包com.hui.xiao下，则写为@ServletComponentScan(“com.filter.TestFilter”)或@ServletComponentScan(“com.hui”)
2)@ComponentScan:
用spring解释，作为一个依赖注入框架，每个类可添加@Component,@Service,@Controller,。注解使其成为spring容器的一个组件，但是添加了注解spring还是不知道哪些类可注册成组件于是可通过@ComponentScan({" “,” "})来进行扫描，而springboot不用@ComponentScan默认扫描主类父包及其子包下的类

2.过滤器使用

两种方式：
1、使用spring boot提供的FilterRegistrationBean注册Filter
2、使用原生servlet注解定义Filter
两种方式的本质都是一样的，都是去FilterRegistrationBean注册自定义Filter
方式一:
①、先定义Filter：

public class Filter implements javax.servlet.Filter
{
    @Override
    public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
        System.out.println("init");
    }

    @Override
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
        System.out.println("执行过滤前");
        filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest,servletResponse);
        System.out.println("执行过滤后");

    }

    @Override
    public void destroy() {

//        HttpServlet
        System.out.println("销毁");
    }
}

②、注册自定义Filter
a)通过配置文件

@Configuration
public class FilterConfig {

    @Bean
    FilterRegistrationBean filter()
    {
        //底层原理就是通过FilterRegistrationBean注册
        FilterRegistrationBean filterRegistrationBean=new FilterRegistrationBean(new Filter());
        filterRegistrationBean.addUrlPatterns("/test");
        return filterRegistrationBean;
    }
}

b)通过注解

@Component//此处若不添加@Component，主类就一定要添加@ServletComponentScan
@WebFilter(value = "/test",filterName = "filter")
public class Filter implements javax.servlet.Filter
{
    @Override
    public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
        System.out.println("init");
    }

    @Override
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
        System.out.println("执行过滤前");
        filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest,servletResponse);
        System.out.println("执行过滤后");

    }

    @Override
    public void destroy() {

//        HttpServlet
        System.out.println("销毁");
    }
}

3.拦截器的使用

①、先定义Interceptor：

public class Interceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
    @Override
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("preHandle");
        return true;//返回false表示该方法，请求取消
    }

    @Override
    public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("postHandle");
    }

    @Override
    public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("afterCompletion");
    }
}

2)配置文件注册–也只能配置文件注册，通过@WebMvcConfigurer接口的addInterceptor方法

@Configuration
public class InterceptorConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {
    @Override
    public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
        registry.addInterceptor(new Interceptor());
        return;
    }
}

@WebMvcConfigurer

4.访问顺序

观察控制台发现Filter、Interceptor、切片执行顺序：

拦截顺序 ： Filter >>> Interceptor >>> Aspect >>> controller
若果有异常返回结果： controller >>> Aspect >>> ControllerAdvice（全局异常处理类上） >>> Interceptor >>> Filter

5.Lisener使用

```bash
@WebListener
@Component
public class Lisener implements ServletRequestListener, HttpSessionListener, ServletContextListener {
    @Override
    public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent sce) {
        System.out.println("初始化ServletContext");
    }

    @Override
    public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent sce) {
        System.out.println("销毁。。。。。");
    }

    @Override
    public void requestDestroyed(ServletRequestEvent sre) {
        System.out.println("销毁ServletRequest");
    }

    @Override
    public void requestInitialized(ServletRequestEvent sre) {
        System.out.println("初始化ServletRequest");
    }

    @Override
    public void sessionCreated(HttpSessionEvent se) {
        System.out.println("创建Session");
    }

    @Override
    public void sessionDestroyed(HttpSessionEvent se) {
        System.out.println("销毁Session");
    }
}

常见的监听器：
1、HttpSessionListener：监听session对象的创建、销毁
2、ServletRequestListener：监听request对象的创建、销毁
3、ServletContextListener：监听servletContext对象的创建、销毁

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