路由网关(zuul)
什么是网关
Zuul的主要功能是路由转发和过滤器。路由功能是微服务的一部分,比如/api/user转发到到user服务,/api/shop转发到到shop服务。zuul默认和Ribbon结合实现了负载均衡的功能, 类似于nginx转发。
搭建SpringCloud网关
创建工程service-zuul
Maven依赖
创建工程service-zuul
<parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>1.5.2.RELEASE</version> <relativePath /> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent>
<properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding> <java.version>1.8</java.version> </properties>
<dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-zuul</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency>
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies>
<dependencyManagement> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId> <version>Dalston.RC1</version> <type>pom</type> <scope>import</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> </dependencyManagement>
<build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> </plugins> </build>
<repositories> <repository> <id>spring-milestones</id> <name>Spring Milestones</name> <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url> <snapshots> <enabled>false</enabled> </snapshots> </repository> </repositories> |
application.yml配置
eureka: client: serviceUrl: defaultZone: http://localhost:8888/eureka/ server: port: 8769 spring: application: name: service-zuul zuul: routes: api-a: path: /api-member/** service-id: service-member api-b: path: /api-order/** service-id: service-order |
发送请求http://127.0.0.1:8769/api-member/getMemberAll
转发到http://127.0.0.1:8762/getMemberAll
开启网关 @EnableZuulProxy
服务过滤
@Component public class MyFilter extends ZuulFilter {
private static Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MyFilter.class);
@Override public String filterType() { return "pre"; }
@Override public int filterOrder() { return 0; }
public boolean shouldFilter() { return true; }
public Object run() { RequestContext ctx = RequestContext.getCurrentContext(); HttpServletRequest request = ctx.getRequest(); log.info(String.format("%s >>> %s", request.getMethod(), request.getRequestURL().toString())); Object accessToken = request.getParameter("token"); if (accessToken != null) { return null; } log.warn("token is empty"); ctx.setSendZuulResponse(false); ctx.setResponseStatusCode(401); try { ctx.getResponse().getWriter().write("token is empty"); } catch (Exception e) { } return null;
} } |
如果请求参数中没有传入token参数 直接返回报错信息
传入token参数可以正常访问请求
断路器(Hystrix)
为什么需要 Hystrix?
在微服务架构中,我们将业务拆分成一个个的服务,服务与服务之间可以相互调用(RPC)。为了保证其高可用,单个服务又必须集群部署。由于网络原因或者自身的原因,服务并不能保证服务的100%可用,如果单个服务出现问题,调用这个服务就会出现网络延迟,此时若有大量的网络涌入,会形成任务累计,导致服务瘫痪,甚至导致服务“雪崩”。为了解决这个问题,就出现断路器模型。
什么是服务雪崩
分布式系统中经常会出现某个基础服务不可用造成整个系统不可用的情况, 这种现象被称为服务雪崩效应. 为了应对服务雪崩, 一种常见的做法是手动服务降级. 而Hystrix的出现,给我们提供了另一种选择.
服务雪崩应对策略
针对造成服务雪崩的不同原因, 可以使用不同的应对策略:
- 流量控制
- 改进缓存模式
- 服务自动扩容
- 服务调用者降级服务
流量控制 的具体措施包括:
- 网关限流
- 用户交互限流
- 关闭重试
Hystrix作用
服务的降级
什么是服务降级
所有的RPC技术里面服务降级是一个最为重要的话题,所谓的降级指的是当服务的提供方不可使用的时候,程序不会出现异常,而会出现本地的操作调
service-order工程新增Maven依赖
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-hystrix</artifactId> </dependency> |
Rest方式使用断路器
Rest请求方式接口改造 @HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "orderError") public List<String> getOrderUserAll() { return restTemplate.getForObject("http://service-member/getMemberAll", List.class); }
public List<String> orderError() { List<String> listUser = new ArrayList<String>(); listUser.add("not orderUser list"); return listUser; } 启动方式 @EnableEurekaClient @EnableHystrix @SpringBootApplication public class OrderApp {
public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(OrderApp.class, args); }
@Bean @LoadBalanced RestTemplate restTemplate() { return new RestTemplate(); }
}
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@HystrixCommand 作用:服务发生错误,回调方法。
@EnableHystrix 启动断路器
Fegin使用断路器
改造service-order-feign工程 @FeignClient(value="service-member",fallback=MemberFeignService.class) public interface MemberFeign { @RequestMapping("/getMemberAll") public List<String> getOrderByUserList(); } @Component public class MemberFeignService implements MemberFeign {
public List<String> getOrderByUserList() { List<String> listUser = new ArrayList<String>(); listUser.add("not orderUser list"); return listUser; } }
配置文件新增 feign: hystrix: enabled: true
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分布式配置中心
什么是配置中心
在分布式系统中,由于服务数量巨多,为了方便服务配置文件统一管理,实时更新,所以需要分布式配置中心组件。在Spring Cloud中,有分布式配置中心组件spring cloud config ,它支持配置服务放在配置服务的内存中(即本地),也支持放在远程Git仓库中。在spring cloud config 组件中,分两个角色,一是config server,二是config client。
创建git地址
- 使用码云创建git地址 https://gitee.com/itmayi
- config-client-dev.properties ---dev环境
- 上传配置文件
userName=yushengjun |
4. http://localhost:8889/foo/dev 查询配置中心
创建config-server项目
<parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>1.5.2.RELEASE</version> <relativePath /> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent>
<properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding> <java.version>1.8</java.version> </properties>
<dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-config-server</artifactId> </dependency>
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency>
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId> </dependency> </dependencies>
<dependencyManagement> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId> <version>Camden.SR6</version> <type>pom</type> <scope>import</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> </dependencyManagement>
<build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> </plugins> </build>
<repositories> <repository> <id>spring-milestones</id> <name>Spring Milestones</name> <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url> <snapshots> <enabled>false</enabled> </snapshots> </repository> </repositories> |
application.properties 配置文件
spring.application.name=config-server server.port=8889 spring.cloud.config.server.git.uri=https://gitee.com/itmayi/cfg2.git spring.cloud.config.server.git.searchPaths=respo spring.cloud.config.label=master spring.cloud.config.server.git.username= spring.cloud.config.server.git.password= |
spring.cloud.config.server.git.uri:配置git仓库地址
spring.cloud.config.server.git.searchPaths:配置仓库路径
spring.cloud.config.label:配置仓库的分支
spring.cloud.config.server.git.username:访问git仓库的用户名
spring.cloud.config.server.git.password:访问git仓库的用户密码
启动config-server项目
@SpringBootApplication @EnableConfigServer public class ConfigServerApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(ConfigServerApplication.class, args); } } |
创建config-client项目
<parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>1.5.2.RELEASE</version> <relativePath /> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent>
<properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding> <java.version>1.8</java.version> </properties>
<dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId> </dependency>
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency>
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies>
<dependencyManagement> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId> <version>Dalston.RC1</version> <type>pom</type> <scope>import</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> </dependencyManagement>
<build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> </plugins> </build>
<repositories> <repository> <id>spring-milestones</id> <name>Spring Milestones</name> <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url> <snapshots> <enabled>false</enabled> </snapshots> </repository> </repositories> |
bootstrap.properties
spring.application.name=config-client spring.cloud.config.label=master spring.cloud.config.profile=dev spring.cloud.config.uri= http://localhost:8888/ server.port=8881 |
- spring.cloud.config.label 指明远程仓库的分支
- spring.cloud.config.profile
- dev开发环境配置文件
- test测试环境
- pro正式环境
- spring.cloud.config.uri= http://localhost:8888/ 指明配置服务中心的网址。
@SpringBootApplication @RestController public class ConfigClientApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(ConfigClientApplication.class, args); }
@Value("${userName}") String userName;
@RequestMapping(value = "/getUserName") public String getUserName () { return userName; } } |