jdbc连接数据库的五种方式

package com.atguigu.connection;

import org.junit.Test;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.Driver;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.Properties;

/*
 *
 *
 *
 *
 *@author 刘鑫
 *@create by 2021/4/29 11:03
 */
public class ConnectionTest {
    //方式一
    @Test
    public void testConnection1() throws SQLException {

        //加载数据库驱动
        //获取Driver实现类对象
        Driver driver = new com.mysql.jdbc.Driver();

        String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test";
        //将用户名和密码封装在Properties中
        Properties info = new Properties();
        info.setProperty("user","root");
        info.setProperty("password","a421546457");
        Connection conn = driver.connect(url, info);
        System.out.println(conn);
    }

    //方式二：对方式一的迭代:在如下的程序中不出现第三方的API，具有更好的移植性
    @Test
    public void testConnection2() throws Exception {
        //1、获取Driver实现类对象，使用反射
        Class<?> clazz = Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
        Constructor<?> declaredConstructor = clazz.getDeclaredConstructor();
        Driver driver = (Driver) declaredConstructor.newInstance();

        //2、提供要连接的数据库
        String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test";

        //3、提供连接需要的用户名和密码
        Properties info = new Properties();
        info.setProperty("user","root");
        info.setProperty("password","a421546457");

        //4、获取连接
        Connection conn = driver.connect(url, info);
        System.out.println(conn);

    }

    //方式三：使用DriverManager替换Driver
    @Test
    public void testConnection3() throws Exception {

        //1、获取Driver实现类对象
        Class<?> aClass = Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
        Constructor<?> declaredConstructor = aClass.getDeclaredConstructor();
        Driver driver = (Driver) declaredConstructor.newInstance();
        //2、提供两外三个连接的基本信息
        String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test";
        String user = "root";
        String password="a421546457";

        //注册驱动
        DriverManager.registerDriver(driver);

        //获取连接
        Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);
        System.out.println(conn);
    }

    //方式四：在方式三的基础上进行优化
    @Test
    public void testConnection4() throws Exception {

        //1、提供三个连接的基本信息
        String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test";
        String user = "root";
        String password="a421546457";

        //2、加载Driver
        //mysql的Driver类中有静态代码块
        Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");

//      相较于方式三，可以省略如下的操作：

        /*Constructor<?> declaredConstructor = aClass.getDeclaredConstructor();
        Driver driver = (Driver) declaredConstructor.newInstance();
        //注册驱动
        DriverManager.registerDriver(driver);*/

        /*
        * 为什么可以省略上述操作呢？
        * mysql的Driver类中有静态代码块如下，帮我们注册好了驱动：
        *  static {
        try {
            DriverManager.registerDriver(new Driver());
        } catch (SQLException var1) {
            throw new RuntimeException("Can't register driver!");
        }
        * */

        //获取连接
        Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);
        System.out.println(conn);

    }

    //方式五（final版）：将数据库连接需要的四个基本信息声明在配置文件中，通过读取配置文件的方式，获取连接
    /*
    * 此种方式的好处？
    * 1、实现了数据和代码的分离。实现了解耦
    * 2、如果需要修改配置文件信息，可以避免程序重新打包
    *
    * */
 @Test
    public void testConnection5(){
     //1、读取配置文件中的4个基本信息
     InputStream is = ConnectionTest.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("jdbc.properties");
     Properties properties = new Properties();
     try {
         properties.load(is);
     } catch (IOException e) {
         e.printStackTrace();
     }
     String url = properties.getProperty("url");
     String user = properties.getProperty("user");
     String password = properties.getProperty("password");
     String driverClass = properties.getProperty("driverClass");

     //2、加载数据库驱动
     try {
         Class.forName(driverClass);
     } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
         e.printStackTrace();
     }

     //3、获取数据库连接
     try {
         Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);
         System.out.println(connection);
     } catch (SQLException throwables) {
         throwables.printStackTrace();
     }



 }
}