@ Python作业整理
1. 编写一段程序，由键盘赋值两个变量a，b，当a和b都是浮点数时输出以a为实部，b为虚部的复数的共轭复数，如果a和b都是整数，则输出a除以b保留两位小数的结果，如果都不是，则分别输出a和b的类型。
# 判断数据类型 （假设只有三种数据： 字符 、 整形 、 浮点型）
def cnt_type(cnt):
str_type = ['string','int','float']
flag = None
# 先除去 . 对字符串的影响
strs = cnt.split(".")
if len(strs)>2:
# 只有浮点数存在一个. ，当存在多个.时，该字符为字符串
flag = 0
elif len(strs)==1:
# 不存在“.”
# 判断该字符串是否都是由数字组成
# Isdigit()方法
# - 检测字符串是否只由数字组成
if strs[0].isnumeric():
flag=1
else:
flag=0
elif len(strs)==2:
if strs[0].isnumeric() and strs[1].isnumeric():
flag = 2
else:
flag = 0
return str_type[flag]
pass
while(True):
a,b = input().split()
if cnt_type(a)=='float' and cnt_type(b)=='float':
result = complex(float(a),float(b))
print(result)
elif cnt_type(a)=='int' and cnt_type(b)=='int':
result = int(a)*1.0/int(b)
print("{:.2f}".format(result))
else:
print(cnt_type(a),cnt_type(b))
2. 已知sinfo = {‘wangwu’:{‘name’:‘WangWu’,‘age’:28,‘score’:{‘chinese’:70,‘math’:80,‘english’:60}}}，请把wangwu的成绩从高到低排列。
sinfo = {'wangwu':{'name':'WangWu','age':28,'score':{'chinese':70,'math':80,'english':60}}}
sinfo_score = sinfo['wangwu']['score']
wangwu_keys = list(sinfo_score.keys())
wangwu_values = list(sinfo_score.values())
# 冒泡排序
for i in range(len(wangwu_keys)-1):
for j in range(len(wangwu_keys)-i-1):
if wangwu_values[j]>wangwu_values[j+1]:
cnt = wangwu_values[j]
wangwu_values[j] = wangwu_values[j+1]
wangwu_values[j+1] = cnt
cnt = wangwu_keys[j]
wangwu_keys[j] = wangwu_keys[j+1]
wangwu_keys[j+1] = cnt
print("wangwu成绩是：")
for i in range(len(wangwu_keys)):
print("{:8}成绩为：{}".format(wangwu_keys[i],wangwu_values[i]))
1. 设计一个用来计时装饰器，来实现对2到5000中所有质数打印的计时。
import math,time
# 定义一个函数计时器
def much_time(func):
def wrapper(*args,**kw):
start_time = time.time()
func(*args,**kw)
end_time = time.time()
print("这个函数的执行时间为：{}s".format(end_time-start_time))
return wrapper
# 定义: a，b 输出a~b之间的所有质数
@much_time
def find_prime(a,b):
# 保存找到的质数
nums=[]
num = a
while (num<=b):
# 判断是否为质数
flag = 0
if num <= 2:
# 因为2是最小的质数‘
num = 2
else:
for i in range(2,int(math.sqrt(num)+1)):
if num % i == 0:
flag = 1
break
if flag==0:
nums.append(num)
num += 1
print(nums)
return nums
find_prime(2,5000)
2. 用生成器实现杨辉三角。
def generator_yhs(): # 生成器----杨辉三角
print("杨辉三角为：")
cnt = 0
arrays = [1]
while True:
if cnt == 1:
arrays.append(1)
elif cnt>1:
arrays_cnt = [1]
for index in range(1,cnt):
arrays_cnt.append(arrays[index]+arrays[index-1])
arrays_cnt.append(1)
arrays = arrays_cnt
yield arrays
cnt += 1
s = generator_yhs()
print(next(s))
print(next(s))
print(next(s))
print(next(s))
print(next(s))
print(next(s))
2. 请用异常处理的方法来编写一个函数，实现减法运算，当被减数小于减数时，抛出“被减数不能小于减数”的异常。
‘’’
如：jianfa(2,5)
则抛出“被减数2不能小于减数5”。
注：每个题目要求上传代码和截图，以及问题解决过程描述。
‘’’
# 定义异常
class NumberError(Exception):
# 被减数不能小于减数
def __init__(self,num1=0,num2=0):
self.num1 = num1
self.num2 = num2
def __str__(self):
return "被减数" + str(self.num2) + "不能小于减数" + str(self.num1)
def jianshu(num1,num2):
try:
if (num1<num2):
raise NumberError(num1,num2)
print("{}-{}={}".format(num1, num2, num1 - num2))
except NumberError:
print(NumberError(num1,num2))
jianshu(6,2)
jianshu(2,6)
实现一个 Python 脚本，可以从 Python 官网首页（https://www.python.org）获取最新的新闻信息（如下图所示），每一条信息包含“日期”和“标题”两项内容，将获取的新闻信息保存成一个 python-latest-news.csv 文件。
import urllib.request as ur
import re
import csv
def get_html(url):
# 请求站点获得一个HttpResponse对象
response = ur.urlopen(url)
# 使用utf-8格式回去网页文本内容
html = response.read().decode('utf-8')
return html
# 使用正则表达式获取所需要的信息
def deal_with(data):
pattern = re.compile('<li>\s+<time\sdatetime="(\d{4})-(\d{2})-(\d{2}).*?</time>\s+<a\shref="(.*?)">(.*?)</a></li>',re.S)
#pattern = re.compile('<li>\s+<time\sdatetime="(\d{4})-(\d{2})-(\d{2}).*?</time>\s+<a\shref=".*?>(.*?)</a></li>',re.S)
items = re.findall(pattern,data)
return items[:5]
def write_nums(news):
headers = ['日期', '标题','链接']
with open('python-lastest-news.cvs','w+',encoding='utf-8',newline='') as f:
f_csv = csv.writer(f)
f_csv.writerow(headers)
rows=[]
for cnt in news:
datatime=cnt[0]+"-"+cnt[1]+"-"+cnt[2]
news1 = cnt[-1]
url =cnt[-2]
row=[datatime,news1,url]
rows.append(row)
f_csv.writerows(rows)
f.close()
def main():
url = 'https://www.python.org'
# 获取html文件
# data = get_html(url)
data="""
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<li>
<div class="slide-code"><pre><code><span class="comment"># Python 3: Fibonacci series up to n</span>
>>> def fib(n):
>>> a, b = 0, 1
>>> while a < n:
>>> print(a, end=' ')
>>> a, b = b, a+b
>>> print()
>>> fib(1000)
<span class="output">0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34 55 89 144 233 377 610 987</span></code></pre></div>
<div class="slide-copy"><h1>Functions Defined</h1>
<p>The core of extensible programming is defining functions. Python allows mandatory and optional arguments, keyword arguments, and even arbitrary argument lists. <a href="//docs.python.org/3/tutorial/controlflow.html#defining-functions">More about defining functions in Python 3</a></p></div>
</li>
<li>
<div class="slide-code"><pre><code><span class="comment"># Python 3: List comprehensions</span>
>>> fruits = ['Banana', 'Apple', 'Lime']
>>> loud_fruits = [fruit.upper() for fruit in fruits]
>>> print(loud_fruits)
<span class="output">['BANANA', 'APPLE', 'LIME']</span>
<span class="comment"># List and the enumerate function</span>
>>> list(enumerate(fruits))
<span class="output">[(0, 'Banana'), (1, 'Apple'), (2, 'Lime')]</span></code></pre></div>
<div class="slide-copy"><h1>Compound Data Types</h1>
<p>Lists (known as arrays in other languages) are one of the compound data types that Python understands. Lists can be indexed, sliced and manipulated with other built-in functions. <a href="//docs.python.org/3/tutorial/introduction.html#lists">More about lists in Python 3</a></p></div>
</li>
<li>
<div class="slide-code"><pre><code><span class="comment"># Python 3: Simple arithmetic</span>
>>> 1 / 2
<span class="output">0.5</span>
>>> 2 ** 3
<span class="output">8</span>
>>> 17 / 3 <span class="comment"># classic division returns a float</span>
<span class="output">5.666666666666667</span>
>>> 17 // 3 <span class="comment"># floor division</span>
<span class="output">5</span></code></pre></div>
<div class="slide-copy"><h1>Intuitive Interpretation</h1>
<p>Calculations are simple with Python, and expression syntax is straightforward: the operators <code>+</code>, <code>-</code>, <code>*</code> and <code>/</code> work as expected; parentheses <code>()</code> can be used for grouping. <a href="http://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/introduction.html#using-python-as-a-calculator">More about simple math functions in Python 3</a>.</p></div>
</li>
<li>
<div class="slide-code"><pre><code><span class="comment"># Python 3: Simple output (with Unicode)</span>
>>> print("Hello, I'm Python!")
<span class="output">Hello, I'm Python!</span>
<span class="comment"># Input, assignment</span>
>>> name = input('What is your name?\n')
>>> print('Hi, %s.' % name)
<span class="output">What is your name?
Python
Hi, Python.</span></code></pre></div>
<div class="slide-copy"><h1>Quick & Easy to Learn</h1>
<p>Experienced programmers in any other language can pick up Python very quickly, and beginners find the clean syntax and indentation structure easy to learn. <a href="//docs.python.org/3/tutorial/">Whet your appetite</a> with our Python 3 overview.</p>
</div>
</li>
<li>
<div class="slide-code"><pre><code><span class="comment"># For loop on a list</span>
>>> numbers = [2, 4, 6, 8]
>>> product = 1
>>> for number in numbers:
... product = product * number
...
>>> print('The product is:', product)
<span class="output">The product is: 384</span></code></pre></div>
<div class="slide-copy"><h1>All the Flow You’d Expect</h1>
<p>Python knows the usual control flow statements that other languages speak — <code>if</code>, <code>for</code>, <code>while</code> and <code>range</code> — with some of its own twists, of course. <a href="//docs.python.org/3/tutorial/controlflow.html">More control flow tools in Python 3</a></p></div>
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"""
news = deal_with(data)
write_nums(news)
pass
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
备注：
- 由于网页加载速度比较慢，所有直接保存在data中
- 跟题目不相符，顺便抓取对应的网址
对在线课堂平台edx相关数据分析。
数据集：2012年edX平台上线后4年间290个哈佛和MIT在线课程和450万参与者的数据。
数据来源：使用https://www.kaggle.com/edx/course-study提供的appendix.csv文件，自行下载使用。
该数据集共23个数据字段：
Institution
Course Number
Launch Date
Course Title
Instructors
Course Subject
Year
Honor Code Certificates
Participants (Course Content Accessed)
Audited (> 50% Course Content Accessed)
Certified
% Audited
% Certified
% Certified of > 50% Course Content Accessed
% Played Video
% Posted in Forum
% Grade Higher Than Zero
Total Course Hours (Thousands)
Median Hours for Certification
Median Age
% Male
% Female
% Bachelor’s Degree or Higher
使用该数据集完成下面5项任务：
绘制不同学校课程数量分布图（条状图）。
绘制不同学校上线课程数量随年份的分布图（线性图）。
绘制不同主题（Course Subject）课程数量分布占比图（条状图）。
绘制不同主题课程学生平均人数随年份分布图（线性图）。
绘制不同学校不同主题课程男性学员平均占比图（条状图）。
注：除Python标准库以外，只允许使用NumPy和matplotlib库。
考虑到从网站下载比较慢，，So欢迎来我的github 😃
文件下载地址
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import csv
# 1、绘制不同学校课程数量分布图（条状图）。
def task_0():
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import csv
# 读取第一列(跳过第一行)
Institution = np.loadtxt("datasets_736_1367_appendix.csv", str,encoding='utf-8',delimiter=',', usecols=(0), unpack=True,skiprows=1)
Institution_name = list(set(Institution))
#print(Institution_name)
MITx_num , HarvardX_num= 0,0
for i in Institution:
if i == Institution_name[0]:
MITx_num+=1
elif i == Institution_name[1]:
HarvardX_num+=1
#print(MITx_num,HarvardX_num)
Institution_num = [MITx_num,HarvardX_num]
plt.figure()
plt.bar(Institution_name,Institution_num)
# 网图像上加上数字标签
for x,y in zip(Institution_name,Institution_num):
plt.text(x,y+0.6,str(y),ha='center', va='bottom', fontsize=10.5)
plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei']
plt.title("不同学校课程数量分布图")
plt.xlabel('学校')
plt.ylabel('课程数量')
plt.savefig("task0.png")
plt.show()
# 绘制不同学校上线课程数量随年份的分布图（线性图）。
def task_1():
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import csv
# 读取第一列和第三列 （跳过第一行）
Institution,Launch_Date = np.loadtxt("datasets_736_1367_appendix.csv", str, encoding='utf-8', delimiter=',', usecols=(0,2),
unpack=True, skiprows=1)
# 处理每门课程的日期，将日期只保留年份
Launch_Date =[ i.split("/")[-1] for i in Launch_Date]
Institution_name = list(set(Institution))
year_label = list(set(Launch_Date))
year_label = [int(i) for i in year_label]
year_label.sort()
year_label = [str(i) for i in year_label]
print(Institution_name)
print(year_label)
# 一共有多少年份
year_nums = len(list(set(Launch_Date)))
# 一共有多少学校
Institution_num = len(list(set(Institution)))
date = np.zeros((Institution_num,year_nums))
for i in range(len(Launch_Date)):
if Institution[i]==Institution_name[0] and Launch_Date[i] == year_label[0]:
date[0][0]+=1
elif Institution[i]==Institution_name[0] and Launch_Date[i] == year_label[1]:
date[0][1] += 1
elif Institution[i]==Institution_name[0] and Launch_Date[i] == year_label[2]:
date[0][2] += 1
elif Institution[i]==Institution_name[0] and Launch_Date[i] == year_label[3]:
date[0][3] += 1
elif Institution[i]==Institution_name[0] and Launch_Date[i] == year_label[4]:
date[0][4] += 1
elif Institution[i]==Institution_name[1] and Launch_Date[i] == year_label[0]:
date[1][0]+=1
elif Institution[i]==Institution_name[1] and Launch_Date[i] == year_label[1]:
date[1][1] += 1
elif Institution[i]==Institution_name[1] and Launch_Date[i] == year_label[2]:
date[1][2] += 1
elif Institution[i]==Institution_name[1] and Launch_Date[i] == year_label[3]:
date[1][3] += 1
elif Institution[i]==Institution_name[1] and Launch_Date[i] == year_label[4]:
date[1][4] += 1
print(date)
plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei']
for i in range(len(Institution_name)):
#plt.plot(year_label,date[i])
if i==0:
plt.plot(year_label, date[i],'ro--')
else :
plt.plot(year_label, date[i],'bo-.')
# 图示：在左上角显示图示
plt.legend(Institution_name, loc=2)
# 网图像上加上数字标签
for x, y in zip(year_label, date[0]):
plt.text(x, y + 4, str(int(y)), ha='center', va='bottom', fontsize=10.5,color='black')
for x, y in zip(year_label, date[1]):
plt.text(x, y + 3, str(int(y)), ha='center', va='bottom', fontsize=10.5,color='green')
plt.title("学校上线课程数量随年份的分布图")
plt.xlabel('年份')
plt.ylabel('课程数量')
plt.savefig("task1.png")
plt.show()
# 3、绘制不同主题（Course Subject）课程数量分布占比图（条状图）。
def task_2():
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import csv
# 读取第6列，跳过第一行
with open("datasets_736_1367_appendix.csv","r",encoding='utf-8') as f:
reader = csv.DictReader(f)
Course_Subject = [row['Course Subject'] for row in reader]
# 保证每次生成的图片一致
Course_Subject_name = list(set(Course_Subject))
Course_Subject_name.sort()
print(Course_Subject_name)
total = np.zeros(len(Course_Subject_name))
for i in Course_Subject:
for j in range(len(Course_Subject_name)):
if i==Course_Subject_name[j]:
total[j]+=1
break
total = [round(i/290*1.0*100,2) for i in total]
print(total)
plt.figure()
plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei']
for i in range(len(Course_Subject_name)):
plt.bar(Course_Subject_name[i],total[i])
# 图示：在左上角显示图示
plt.legend(Course_Subject_name, loc=2)
# 网图像上加上数字标签
for x, y in zip(Course_Subject_name,total):
plt.text(x, y + 1, str(y)+'%', ha='center', va='bottom', fontsize=10.5, color='black')
# 横坐标的字体大小，偏移角度
plt.xticks(rotation=10,size=8)
plt.title("不同主题（Course Subject）课程数量分布占比")
plt.xlabel('Course Subject')
plt.ylabel('课程数量占比')
plt.savefig("task2.png")
plt.show()
# 绘制不同主题课程学生平均人数随年份分布图（线性图）
def task_3():
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import csv
Launch_Date = np.loadtxt("datasets_736_1367_appendix.csv", str, encoding='utf-8', delimiter=',', usecols=(2),
unpack=True, skiprows=1)
# 处理每门课程的日期，将日期只保留年份
Launch_Date = [i.split("/")[-1] for i in Launch_Date]
year_label = list(set(Launch_Date))
year_label = [int(i) for i in year_label]
year_label.sort()
year_label = [str(i) for i in year_label]
# 获取不同主题课程列表
with open("datasets_736_1367_appendix.csv","r",encoding='utf-8') as f:
reader = csv.DictReader(f)
Course_Subject = [row['Course Subject'] for row in reader]
with open("datasets_736_1367_appendix.csv","r",encoding='utf-8') as f:
reader = csv.DictReader(f)
Participants = [row['Participants (Course Content Accessed)'] for row in reader]
# 获取课程名字数组
# 保证每次生成的图片一致
Course_Subject_name = list(set(Course_Subject))
Course_Subject_name.sort()
# 记录每年每门课程的中人数
datesets = np.zeros((len(Course_Subject_name),len(year_label)))
# # 记录每年每门课程出现的次数
course_nums = np.zeros((len(Course_Subject_name), len(year_label)))
for std_nums in range(len(Participants)):
for i in range(len(Course_Subject_name)):
for j in range(len(year_label)):
if Launch_Date[std_nums]==year_label[j] and Course_Subject[std_nums]==Course_Subject_name[i]:
datesets[i][j]+=int(Participants[std_nums])
course_nums[i][j]+=1
break
# print(datesets)
# print(course_nums)
# 获取不同主题课程每年学生平均人数
for i in range(len(Course_Subject_name)):
for j in range(len(year_label)):
if course_nums[i][j]>0:
datesets[i][j] = int(datesets[i][j]/course_nums[i][j])
else:
datesets[i][j] = 0
#print(datesets)
plt.figure()
plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei']
for i in range(len(Course_Subject_name)):
plt.plot(year_label,datesets[i],'o-.')
# 图示：在右上角显示图示
plt.legend(Course_Subject_name, loc=1)
# 网图像上加上数字标签
for i in range(len(Course_Subject_name)):
for x, y in zip(year_label, datesets[i]):
plt.text(x, y + 1, str(int(y)) , ha='center', va='bottom', fontsize=10.5, color='black')
plt.title("不同主题课程学生平均人数随年份分布图")
plt.xlabel('年份')
plt.ylabel('学生平均人数')
plt.savefig("task3.png")
plt.show()
# 绘制不同学校不同主题课程男性学员平均占比图(（条状图）)
def task_4():
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import csv
# 不同学校
Institution = np.loadtxt("datasets_736_1367_appendix.csv", str, encoding='utf-8', delimiter=',', usecols=(0),
unpack=True, skiprows=1)
# 不同主题课程
with open("datasets_736_1367_appendix.csv","r",encoding='utf-8') as f:
reader = csv.DictReader(f)
Course_Subject = [row['Course Subject'] for row in reader]
# 男性学员平均占比
with open("datasets_736_1367_appendix.csv","r",encoding='utf-8') as f:
reader = csv.DictReader(f)
Male = [row['% Male'] for row in reader]
#print(Male)
Institution_name = list(set(Institution))
Institution_name.sort()
Course_Subject_name = list(set(Course_Subject))
Course_Subject_name.sort()
# 记录每个学校不同科目的男性占比总数
datesets = np.zeros((len(Institution_name),len(Course_Subject_name)))
# 出现的次数
course_nums = np.zeros((len(Institution_name), len(Course_Subject_name)))
for one in range(len(Male)):
for i in range(len(Institution_name)):
for j in range(len(Course_Subject_name)):
if Institution_name[i]==Institution[one] and Course_Subject_name[j]==Course_Subject[one]:
datesets[i][j]+=float(Male[one])
course_nums[i][j]+=1
break
# 计算平均男生占比
for i in range(len(Institution_name)):
for j in range(len(Course_Subject_name)):
if course_nums[i][j]==0:
datesets[i][j]=0
else:
datesets[i][j] = round(datesets[i][j]/course_nums[i][j],2)
print(datesets)
X = np.arange(0,len(Course_Subject_name),1)
plt.figure()
plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei']
width = 0.36
plt.bar(X - width / 2, datesets[0], tick_label = Course_Subject_name, width=width)
plt.bar(X + width / 2, datesets[1],tick_label = Course_Subject_name, width=width)
# 图示：在左上角显示图示
plt.legend(Institution_name, loc=2)
# 网图像上加上数字标签
for i in range(len(Institution_name)):
for x, y in zip(X, datesets[i]):
if i==0:
plt.text(x - width / 2, y , str(y) + "%", ha='center', va='bottom', fontsize=10.5, color='black')
else:
plt.text(x + width / 2, y , str(y) + "%", ha='center', va='bottom', fontsize=10.5, color='black')
# 横坐标的字体大小，偏移角度
plt.xticks(rotation=10, size=8)
X=[i*10 for i in range(11) if i>0]
plt.yticks(X)
plt.title("不同学校不同主题课程男性学员平均占比图")
plt.xlabel('不同主题课程')
plt.ylabel('男性学员平均占比(%)')
plt.savefig("task4.png")
plt.show()
def main():
# task_0()
#
# task_1()
#
# task_2()
#
# task_3()
task_4()
return 0
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
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